Myrtle heaths
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The myrtle heaths ( Melaleuca ) are a genus of plants in the myrtle family (Myrtaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Melaleuca species are evergreen shrubs or trees that reach heights of 1 to 25 meters, depending on the species. They contain essential oils . The opposite, alternate to irregularly arranged leaves are stalked or sessile and leathery.
Generative characteristics
Least to most flowers are in lateral or endstädnigen, simple or compound, ährigen , traubigen or capitate inflorescences together. There are bracts . The flowers are short-stalked or sessile.
The unisexual or hermaphrodite, radial symmetry flowers are fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). Five relatively small sepals are fused or missing. The five petals are free. Many stamens are grouped into five bundles. There is a discus. Three fruit leaves are a half under constant up from constant ovary grown. The individual hairy or hairless style usually ends with a cephalic scar.
The hard capsule fruits contain few to many seeds.
ecology
The pollination is done by insects ( Entomophilie ) or birds ( ornithophily ).
Systematics
The genus Melaleuca was established by Carl von Linné in 1767 . The generic name Melaleuca is derived from the Greek words μέλας mélas for dark or "black" and λευκός leukós for "white" and refers to the typical bark . Type species is Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. Synonyms for Melaleuca L. nom. cons. are: Myrtoleucodendron Burm. ex Kuntze nom. superflat., Cajuputi Adans. ex A. Lyons nom. superfl., Kajuputi Adans. nom. rej ., Calothamnus Labill. , Beaufortia R.Br. , Billottia Colla , Baudinia Lesch. ex DC. , Lamarchea Gaudich. , Lamarkea Rchb. orth. var., Conothamnus Lindl. , Eremaea Lindl. , Manglesia Lindl. , Ozandra Raf. , Schizopleura Endl. , Gymnagathis Schauer , Regelia Schauer , Trichobasis Turcz. nom. illeg., Phymatocarpus F.Muell. , Meladendron St.-Lag. , Melaleucon St.-Lag. orth. var., Melanoleuce St.-Lag. orth. var., Eremaeopsis Kuntze , Petraeomyrtus Craven .
The genus Melaleuca belongs to the tribe Melaleuceae in the subfamily Myrtoideae within the family Myrtaceae . Some authors put the kinds of the genus of the cylinder cleaner ( Callistemon R.Br. ) also in the genus Melaleuca , this is controversially discussed.
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literature
- Joseph J. Brophy, Lyndley A. Craven, John C. Doran: Melaleucas: their botany, essential oils and uses. Australian Center for International Agricultural Research = ACIAR. ISBN 978-1-922137-51-7 (print), 978-1-922137 52-4 (online) online.
- Jie Chen, Lyn A. Craven: Melaleuca. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . tape 13 : Clusiaceae through Araliaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2007, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 , pp. 328 (English). , PDF file , online with the same text as the printed work.
- W. Blaschek, Rudolf Hänsel, K. Keller, J. Reichling, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.): Hager's handbook of pharmaceutical practice . 5th edition. tape 3 : Drugs L-Z. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 3-540-61619-5 , pp. 182–192 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Peter G. Wilson: Melaleuca. In: Gwen Jean Harden (Ed.): Flora of New South Wales. Volume 2. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney 2002, ISBN 0-86840-609-0 online . (English)
- ↑ a b c d HR Coleman: Melaleuca. In: Western Australian Herbarium (Ed.): FloraBase. The Western Australian Flora. Department of Environment and Conservation 2008, online . (English)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh Rafaël Govaerts, N. Sobral, P. Ashton, F. Barrie, BK Holst, LL Landrum, K. Matsumoto, F. Fernanda Mazine, E Nic Lughadha, C. Proenca, et al. 2008: World Checklist of Myrtaceae : 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Melaleuca. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved May 3, 2020.
- ↑ a b Melaleuca at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 14, 2017.
- ↑ Data sheet at Australian Plant Name Index = APNI. Last accessed on January 28, 2015
Web links
further reading
- LA Craven, RD Edwards, KJ Cowley: New combinations and names in Melaleuca (Myrtaceae). In: Taxon , Volume 63, Issue 3, 2014, pp. 663–670. doi : 10.12705 / 633.38