Nuremberg (ship, 1934)
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The light cruiser Nürnberg was the most modern 6,000-ton cruiser of the German Navy during World War II . He belonged to the Leipzig class .
Outwardly, it and its sister ship Leipzig differed from their predecessors in the Königsberg class in that they only had one chimney and the two rear 15 cm tripple towers were no longer offset to the side, but rather placed one behind the other. This was made possible by the improved machine system, which worked on three shafts instead of - as with the predecessors - only on two. The march diesel acted on the central shaft , while the outer shafts were driven by the turbines .
history
After commissioning, the Nürnberg found its first military use in Spain in support of the Condor Legion and the nationalist putschists in the Spanish Civil War . Among other things, republican facilities near Valencia were shot at.
In the Second World War, after the attack on Poland , the Nürnberg was relocated to the North Sea in order to secure mining operations there. On the night of December 12-13, 1939, both the Nürnberg and Leipzig were torpedoed and damaged by the British submarine Salmon . Then the Nürnberg came to the shipyard between December 1939 and May 1940. After the repairs were completed, the cruiser was relocated to Trondheim , where the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau and the heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper were already located. On July 25, 1940, the ship escorted the damaged Gneisenau to Kiel and then stayed in German waters between August 1940 and November 1942. The cruiser then moved to Norway and arrived in Narvik on December 2, 1942 . From May 1943 he was back in local waters. On the way home near Stavanger he came across two British speedboats , which he was able to fend off. From mid-1943 the Nürnberg was used in the Baltic Sea , and then in 1945 in the Skagerrak with a mining company. After that she was moved to Copenhagen . Here the cruiser fended off attempts by Danish partisans to board the ship in the last days of the war . Many partisans and four crew members died.
From May 26th to 29th 1945 the ship sailed to Wilhelmshaven together with several minesweepers, the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen and the two British cruisers Devonshire and Dido . 500 members of the crew were taken prisoner of war there and the ship was handed over to the Soviet military. The remaining 250 German crew members transferred the ship to the Soviet Union .
Commanders (Navy)
November 1, 1935 to October 13, 1936 | Sea captain Hubert Schmundt |
October 14, 1936 to October 8, 1937 | Sea captain Theodor Riedel |
October 9, 1937 to November 15, 1938 | Sea captain Walter Krastel |
November 1938 | Sea captain Heinz Degenhardt |
November 1938 | Frigate Captain Walter Hennecke (deputy) |
November 24, 1938 to August 7, 1940 | Sea captain Otto Klüber |
August 8, 1940 to March 25, 1941 | Sea captain Leo Kreisch |
March 26, 1941 to June 6, 1943 | Sea captain Ernst von Studnitz |
June 7, 1943 to October 13, 1944 | Sea captain Gerhardt Böhmig |
October 14, 1944 to January 1946 | Sea captain Helmuth Gießler |
Known crew members
- Walter Heck (1910–1987), was from 1969 to 1970 as Flotilla Admiral sub-department head in the command staff of the armed forces
- Gert Jeschonnek (1912–1999) was the third inspector of the Navy from 1967 to 1971
- Friedrich Kemnade (1911–2008), was from 1968 to 1970, as Rear Admiral , Commander in Defense Area I in Kiel and German Plenipotentiary with the Allied Forces Northern Europe
Admiral Makarov
Awarded as spoils of war to the Soviet Navy after the end of the war, the ship was entered on the Soviet Navy List on November 5, 1945 and assigned to the Baltic Fleet . At the beginning of January 1946 it sailed to Libau together with five other formerly German ships (the destroyer Erich Steinbrinck , the torpedo boat T 33 , the old torpedo boat and now the torpedo catch boat T 107 , the old ship of the line / target ship Hessen and its control boat Blitz ) . There the cruiser was renamed Admiral Makarow ( Адмирал Макаров ) on January 5, 1946 , in honor of Stepan Osipowitsch Makarov . Until 1955, the Admiral Makarow served as the flagship of the 8th fleet in the Baltic Sea, with home port Tallinn (Reval). After the main boilers suffered serious damage in February 1957, the Admiral Makarow was converted into a training ship and stationed in Kronstadt until it was finally decommissioned in February 1959. The ship was removed from the list of warships on February 15, 1961 and then scrapped.
Trivia
- In the Soviet monumental film The Unforgettable Year 1919 from 1951, the Admiral Makarow serves as a film prop and represents a British flagship .
Web links
- German shipping history: Light cruiser Nuremberg
- Maritimequest Nuremberg Photo Gallery
- Walter Kennhöfer's memories of his time in the Navy as a radio operator on the cruiser Nuremberg
Footnotes
- ↑ The remaining crews of the six ships were brought back to Germany by the accompanying submarine escort ship Otto Wünsche, which was later also delivered to the Soviet Navy .