Neocallitropsis pancheri
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Neocallitropsis pancheri , Chutes de la Madeleine, New Caledonia |
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| ( Carriere ) de foliage. |
Neocallitropsis pancheri makes needled shrubs or small trees. It is the only species in the therefore monotypical genus Neocallitropsis from the cypress family (Cupressaceae). The range of the species is on Grande Terre , the main island of New Caledonia .
description
Neocallitropsis pancheri are evergreen shrubs or small trees that reach heights of 4 to 6, rarely up to 10 meters and trunk diameters of 30 to 50 centimeters. The trunk bark is gray and flakes off in thin strips. The branches are spreading or ascending, branches of the second order are ascending or erect and form a conical, often round or flat crown. On the last 10 to 15 centimeters of the branches there are leafy twigs in dense groups of 20 to 30. These also stand upright, are rarely branched, reach a length of 20 centimeters and a diameter of 5 to 10, rarely up to 12 millimeters. They are densely covered with leaves .
The leaves are in whorls of four leaves, the following whorl is at an angle of 45 ° to the previous one, and so apparently 8 rows of leaves are formed. The leaves are yellowish green or green, leathery, stiff, keeled, lanceolate, with a broad base, 6 to 15 millimeters long and 1.8 to 2.5 millimeters wide. The leaf margin is serrated small, the end of the leaf piercingly pointed. They show two stomata lines abaxially , the stomata are arranged adaxially in several lines.
The pollen cones are at the ends of the branches, are 10 to 12 millimeters long, have a diameter of 6 to 7 millimeters and are egg-shaped to almost round. The microsporophylls are arranged in three to four alternate, four-fold whorls. They are 3 to 6 millimeters long and 2 millimeters wide, shield-shaped-rhombic, pointed to long pointed with rarely from two, mostly six to 14 abaxial, small pollen sacs. The seed cones are at the ends of short branches and mature within a year to 15 millimeter long cones with spread out cover scales. The mature cover scales are in two alternate, four-fold whorls. The scales are sublet to linear, the basal scales are slightly larger and are 10 to 12 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide, the front scales are 8 to 10 millimeters long and 2 millimeters wide. One to two, rarely up to four seeds are formed per cone . They are oblique-egg-shaped, pointed, 6 to 7 millimeters long and 2.5 to 3.5 millimeters wide, light brown with two, rarely three, 0.5 to 0.7 millimeters wide wings.
Distribution, ecology and endangerment
The distribution area of the species is mainly in the southeast of Grande Terre ( New Caledonia ), there is only one occurrence in the northern province on Mt. Paéoua. They are found in the tropical climate with abundant, year-round rainfall along watercourses and lower ridges at heights of up to 950 meters. It often grows in watercourses together with the resin disks Dacrydium araucarioides , Dacrydium guillauminii and Dacrydium vieillardii , in other areas also with the ornamental cypress Callitris neocaledonica , the stone disk Podocarpus novae-caledoniae and members of the sourgrass family (Cyperaceae).
In the Red List of the IUCN is neocallitropsis as endangered ( "endangered") out. In the past 100 years the population has decreased by more than 50%. For 2010, the total population is estimated at 2,500 to 10,000 trees, which are scattered over a total of 32 km 2 in just three areas (Paéoua in the north and Montagne des Sources and Plaine des Lacs / Chute de Madelaine in the south). But these occurrences are also strongly fragmented in groups of a few to a few hundred individual trees on the so-called Callitropsis plateau. The only population in the north of the island on Mt. Paéoua consists of only 45 trees. The main danger comes from forest fires, the area in the north is also endangered by mining. Several deposits were flooded by a dam project. In the south of the island there are some populations in protected areas and measures are being taken to secure and enlarge the range, nevertheless the overall population is decreasing.
Systematics and research history
Neocallitropsis pancheri is the only species of the genus Neocallitropsis, which is therefore monotypical, in the cypress family (Cupressaceae). The species was first described by Élie-Abel Carrière in 1867 as Eutacta pancheri ( Basionym ), so it was assigned to the genus Eutacta , which is used as a synonym for the genus of the Araucarias ( Araucaria ). It was described again in 1922 by Robert Harold Compton as Callitropsis araucarioides (synonym), and in 1944 by Carl Rudolf Florin as Neocallitropsis araucarioides (synonym) in the genus Neocallitropsis created by him . David John de Laubenfels assigned it the name Neocallitropsis pancheri in 1972 . Some authors put the species as Callitris pancheri (Carrière) Byng in the genus Callitris .
The generic name Neocallitropsis is derived from the Latin word neo for "new" and from the generic name Callitropsis , which Compton used. The specific epithet pancheri is reminiscent of the French botanist AI Pancher (1814–1877).
use
An oil is made from the resin, which is sold as "Araucaria oil" on Grande Terre. It is also used as an ornamental wood on the island .
proof
literature
- Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 525-526 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 525
- ↑ Neocallitropsis Pancheri in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: P. Thomas, 2010. Accessed January 5, 2012 Design.
- ↑ Neocallitropsis pancheri. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Elie Abel Carriere: Traite General des Coniferes, edition 2 , quoted from http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-83020. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Eutecta. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Callitropsis araucarioides. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Palaeontographica, Section B, Paläophytol. 85: 590 , cited from Neocallitropsis araucarioides. In: The Plant List. Retrieved January 5, 2012 .
- ^ David John de Laubenfels in Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances , 1972 quoted from Neocallitropsis pancheri. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Callitris. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ^ Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 526
Web links
- Neocallitropsis pancheri. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Christopher J. Earle, accessed January 5, 2012 .