Neofytos Vamvas

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Neofytos Vamvas ( Greek Νεόφυτος Βάμβας ; * 1776 in Chios ; † January 9, 1855 in Athens ) was one of the most important Greek scholars of the 19th century and a symbol of the Enlightenment in Greece . He received the honorary title of Teacher of the People .

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Youth and education

Vamvas was born on Chios . His parents were called Isidoros ( Ισίδωρος ) and Stamatoula ( Σταματούλα ). He began his school career in Chios and continued it on Sifnos , where he went in 1793 to attend the famous school of Misael ton Patmio ( Μισαήλ τον Πάτμιο ). This was made possible for him through the devoted support of local families and his teachers. He was ordained a deacon in 1791. He turned from Chios and went against the will of his parents to Patmos to the teacher Daniel ton Keramea ( Δανιήλ τον Κεραμέα ). However, the lessons, which focused entirely on the Greek language , were too one-sided for him, so he left again. Now he actually wanted to go to Pisa , but had to give up his travel plans. Back in Chios he took lessons from Dorotheos Proios ( Δωρόθεος Πρώιος ), who also taught mathematics. He followed his teacher to Constantinople in 1796 . And together with Proios he made a trip to Bucharest and back. During this time he was a teacher of the family of Georgios Mavrokordatos ( Γεώργιος Μαυροκορδάτος ) and Constantin Hangerliu and interpreter of the Ottoman fleet. Once again he followed Proios to Vlachia where he was in position with the Chatzeris. Konstantin Chatzeri was executed in 1799, Vamvas returned to Istanbul in 1804. Again he served as a teacher, this time in the phanariotischen family of Evfrosini Mavrokordatou ( Ευφροσύνης Μαυροκορδάτου ) and Konstantinos Soutsos ( Κωνσταντίνος Σούτσος ) and he participated in the Kibotos ( Κιβωτός ), the great encyclopedia of the Greek language, which Proios written and became a member of the People's Museum ( Μουσείου του Γένους ). In accordance with a maxim that Dorotheos Proios had established, he was then dean ( Σχολάρχης ) of the Megalis tou Genous Scholis in 1804 .

Trip to Paris and friendship with Adamantios Korais

In 1808 he traveled to Paris after staying in Vienna in August and September ., The trip turned out to be quite difficult because Vamvas was in poor health and money was running out. In Paris he occupied himself intensively with his studies and studied philosophy and literature in particular. He followed the lectures of Louis Jacques Thénard , whose book Traite de chimie elementaire he later translated after receiving a job as headmaster in Chios. However, it was never released. He also dealt with the Hellenistic philosopher Francois Thurot . That Adamantios Korais was in Paris, Vamvas had learned from Paschalis Vasilios ( Πασχάλης Βασιλείος ), a patron of the scholars in Istanbul, who had also issued him a letter of recommendation to his brother Alexandros Vasilios ( Αλέξανδρος Βασιλείος ). This brought Vamvas together with Korais. As a compatriot (of Chios) he also supported Vamvas financially and granted him a pension of 50 francs a month so that he could correct his writings. Vamvas also made a living from teaching Greek and from trading in fabrics (scarves). Vamvas was in close contact with Korais: they worked together to correct the grammar of Buttmann , which Stefanos Ikonomos ( Στέφανος Οικονόμος ) had translated. Often the two ate together. Korais wrote in a letter to Alexandros Vasilios in 1810: "I often take him with me to my meager meals, and after meals we visit the tragedies of Racine again and again in the French theaters." Korais supported the studies of the young vamvas, secured his livelihood and helped him with the first publication of his writings. The first work of Vamvas, the rhetoric ( Ρητορική ), originated, so to speak, "on the knees of Korais". The two compatriots also worked together later in Chios. When he took over the management of the local high school ( τοπικής ανώτερης σχολής ) in Chios in 1811 , he made a decisive contribution to neutralizing the conservative influence that Athanasios Parios ( Αθανάσιος Πάριος ) had on education in that decade.

During the popular uprising

As a representative of the Filiki Eteria , he went to Hydra , where he wanted to motivate the people of Hydra to fight for their homeland after the wealthy Chioten agreed to support an uprising. However, he lacked the authority for this project. The historian Michailaris writes: "This unsuccessful action must be measured against the later decisions of Vamvas."

He then taught at the Ionian Academy in Corfu .

At the University of Athens; Last years

Before he was called to university, he gave home schooling in wealthy and educated circles. On April 24, 1837, he was appointed professor by royal decree along with 33 other people. He received the chair for philosophy and became dean of the philosophical school because he was "too radical for a theological chair" Konstantinos Dimaras ( Κωνσταντίνος Δημαράς ) attributes his calling to the ideological proximity to Korais, who was led by the royal regent Georg Ludwig von Maurer ( Μάουρερ ) and Konstantinos Schinas ( Κωνσταντίνος Σχινάς ) was venerated. He was later rector of the University of Athens and ordained Archimandrite . To this day, his works are remarkable. His most important works include his contributions to the translation of the Bible into Modern Greek (1850), which aroused the greatest opposition, including personal attacks from supporters of the conservative Orthodox tradition. One of the main opponents was Konstantinos Ikonomos ( Κωνσταντίνος Οικονόμος ). Vamvas opposed that "whoever stops the translation of the Bible, closes the coming of the kingdom of God to the people and will be subjected to the 'woe' which our Lord throws at the scribes and Pharisees ."

Works

Letter from Alexandros Soutsos .

His most important works concern pedagogy (διδακτικά), besides some sermons are to be emphasized. He has done a large number of translations and published articles in daily newspapers. Another important area is his philological studies, mostly related to translating the Bible and defending this work.

Educational writings
  • Ρητορική εκ των ενδοξοτέρων τεχνογράφων παλαιών και νεωτέρων ερανεισθείσα και συνταχθείσα (Ritoriki ek ton endoxoteron technografon Paleon ke ke neoteron eranistheisa syntachtheisa - rhetoric of old and new techniques, collected and edited.), Paris, Everard 1813 (2nd edition in Athens, 2α έκδ. εν Αθήναις, εκ της τυπογραφίας Ι.Μ.Άγγελου Αγγελίδου, 1841, 3η εκδ.1861)
  • Στοιχεία της φιλοσοφικής Ηθικής, συνταχθέντα δια την φιλομαθή νεότητα των Γραικών (Stichia tis filosofikis Ithikis synachthenta dia tin filomathi neotita ton Graikon - elements of philosophical ethics) Ενετίησιν, Νικολάω Γλυκεί, Ιωαννίνων (Enetiisin, Nikolaos Glykeis, Ioannina ) 1818th
  • Γραμματική της Ελληνικής Γλώσσας συνταχθείσα εις την κοινήν γλώσσαν δια τους μαθητάς της εν Χίω δημοσίου Σχολής (Grammatiki tis Ellinikis Glossas syntachtheisa is tin kinin glossan dia tous mathetas tis en Chio dimosiou Scholis - Grammar of the Greek language written in the vernacular for the students of the elementary school in Chios) Chios, ΙΔ. (Id. G. Vayrofrefou) Γ Βαϋροφρέρου 1821 (² Venice 1825: έκδοσις Δευτέρα επιστασία Κωνσταντίνου Τυπάλδου του Κεφαλλήνος, εν Βενετία εκ της τυπογραφίας Μιχαήλου Γλυκύ του εξ Ιωαννίνων , 1825)
  • Συντακτικόν της αρχαίας Ελληνικής Γλώσσης εις το οποίον προηγείται σύντομος θεωρία των νοητικών δυνάμεων του ανθρώπου , της μορφώσεως των ιδεών και της γενικής γραμματικής εις δε το τέλος επροστέθησαν εισαγωγικαί τινές ιδέαι περί ποιητικής (Syntaktikon tis archeas Ellinikis Glossis is to opoion proigite syntomos theoria ton noetikon Dynameon tou anthropou, tis morfoseos ton ideon ke tis genikis grammatikis is de to telos eprostethisan isagogike tines idee peri piitikis - syntax of the ancient Greek vocabulary, with a brief theory of the mental powers of man, the formation of ideas and general grammar, and introductory ideas of poetics) Kerkyra 1828.
  • Γραμματική της αρχαίας και της σημερινής ελληνικής γλώσσας συνταχθείσα δια τους αρχαρίους (Grammatiki tis archeas ke tis simerinis Ellinikis Glossas syntachteisa the tous archarious - grammar of ancient and contemporary Greek language for beginners) Ερμουπόλει εν τω Αμερικανικώ Φιλελληνικώ Τυπογραφείω, διευθυνομένω παρά τω Αιδεσίμου Ι. Ι.Ρόβερσον (American Philhellenic Printing, II Roverson) 1835.
  • Στοιχεία φιλοσοφίας συνταχθέντα υπό Ν.Βάμβα ή περί νοητικότητος και ηθικότητος του ανθρώπου (Stichia Filosofias; peri noetokotitos ke ithikotitos tou anthrôpou - elements of philosophy on human knowledge and ethics) Athens 1838 (επανεκδόσεις 1845; 1856).
  • Σημειώσεις εις τους του Δημοσθένους Ολυνθιακούς, Φιλιππικούς, τον περί του Στεφάνου, τον περί παραπρεβείας, του προς Λεπτίνην, τον κατά Μειδίου και τον εις τον κατά Κτησιφώντος του Αισχίνου μετά προλεγομένων ιστορικών χάριν της Ελληνικής νεολαίας (Simiosis is tous tou Dimosthenous Olynthiakous, Filippikous, ton peri tou Stefanou, sound peri parapreveias, tou pros Leptinin, sound kata Mediou ke ton is ton kata Ktisifontos tou Eschinou meta prolegomenon istorikon xharin tis Ellinikis neoleas - comments on the texts Olynthiakos, philippics of Demosthenes , Stephen, about the perfection to Leptines , to Meidius and the Bishop of Eischinus, as role models for the Greek youth) Πανεπιστήμιον Όθωνος (Othonian University) Athens 1849.
  • Εγχειρίδιον ηθικής εν ω προσετέθη και σύντομος θεωρία μετά κανόνων της αναλυτικής και συνθετικής μεθόδου (enchiridion ithikis en o Prosetethi ke syntomos theoria meta kanonon tis analytikis ke synthetikis methodou - Ethics Commission with a short theory of the rules of the analytical and synthetic method) Σ.Κ .Βλαστού (SK Vlastos) 1853.
  • Φυσική Θεολογία και χριστιανική ηθική (Fysiki Theologia ke christianiki ethiki - Natural theology and Christian ethics) Νεκτάριου Κεφαλά, Κωνσταντίνου Α. Πανταζή (Naktarios Kefala, Konstantinos A. Pantazis) Alexandria 1893.

Speeches :

His oratory activity is also very extensive. He gives speeches in clubs, schools, annual festivals and exams and lectures, as well as sermons.

Writings on Church Issues

  • Περί της Νεοελληνικής Εκκλησίας. (Peri tis Neoellinikis Ekklisias - About the Modern Greek Church) Athens 1843.
  • Διατριβή αυτοσχέδιος περί της Αρχής και Εξουσίας των Πατριαρχών κι περί της σχέσεως της Εκκλησιαστικής Αρχής προς την πολιτικήν εξουσίαν (Diatrivi aftoschedios peri tis Archis ke Exousias ton Patriarchon ki peri tis scheseos tis Ekklusiastikos Archis pros tin Politikin Exousian - A study on the authority and power of Patriarchs and on the relationship between ecclesiastical authority and political power) Athens 1843.

Translations :

  • Δούγαλδ Στεβάρδου, (Dougald Stewart) Εγχειρίδιον Ηθικής Φιλοσοφίας-Διδασκαλία στην Ιονική Ακαδημία 1829-1830 (Dugald Stewart enchiridion Ithikis Filosofias - Didaskalia stin Ioniki Akadimia - Dougald Stewart -Handbuch of ethics and philosophy - teaching at the Ionian Academy from 1829 to 1830)
  • Εσωτερικαί ενάργειαι της εμπνεύσεως των Γραφών, θεωρία ωφελιμοτάτη εις πάντα άνθρωπον (Esoterike enargie tis empnevseos ton GRAFON, theoria efelimotati is panta anthropon - Internal acts of the inspiration of Scripture, a theory that is for all mankind benefit) American Philhellenic Printing, II Roverson 1837.
  • Της Καινής Διαθήκης του Κυρίου και Σωτήρος ημών Ιησού Χριστού τα τέσσερα ευαγγέλια και αι πράξεις των αγίων αποστόλων (Tis none Number Diathikis tou Kyriou ke Sotiros imon Iesou Christou ta tessera evangelia ke e practice ton agion Apostolon - The New Testament of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ four Gospels and the Acts of the Holy Apostles) translated by N. Vamvas, Professor of Philosophy of Panepistimio Othonos, published by the British and Foreign Language Hierographic Society Athens (Βρετανικής και Ξενικής Ιερογραφικής) Εταιρε38 .

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  • Kitromilides M. Paschalis (Κιτρομηλίδης Μ. Πασχάλης): Μ.Ι.Ε.Τ., Athens 2000.
  • Αγαπητός Σ. Αγαπητός (Agapitos Agapitos): Οι Ένδοξοι Έλληνες του 1821, ή Οι Πρωταγωνισταί της Ελλάδος (I Endoxi Ellines Tou 1821, ii protagoniste tis Ellados - The outstanding Greeks of 1821 or the leaders of Greece) Patras 1877: 487-493.
  • Konstantinos Dimaras (Κωνσταντίνος Δημαράς): Two friends. Korais and Vamvas . (“Δύο φίλοι. Κοραής και Βάμβας”), Ιστορικά φροντίσματα, τομ.β 'Αδαμάντιος Κοραής, Poria, Athens 1996: 135-195.
  • Georgios Metallinos (Μεταλληνός Γεώργιος): Two anecdotes by N. Vamvas . (“Δύο ανέκδοτοι λόγοι του Ν. Βάμβα”), Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος (Ellisiastikos Faros) 1980–1981, Vol. 62–64: 311–370.
  • Simos Symeonidis (Συμεωνίδης Σίμος): Community and Childhood in Sifnos ("Κοινωνία και παιδεία στη Σίφνο"), Σιφνιακά (Sifniaka) 1995, vol. 5: 7-183.
  • Panagiotis Michailaris (Μιχαηλάρης Παναγιώτης): Neophytos Vamvas ( "Νεόφυτος Βάμβας"), in: Vasilios Panagiotopoulos (Βασίλειος Παναγιωτόπουλος, ed.): Clerics in the fight (Κληρικοί στον Αγώνα), Ta Nea (Τα Νέα), Athens 2010: 81-113 .
  • Konstantinos Amantos (Άμαντος Κωνσταντίνος): Neofytos Vamvas ("Νεόφυτος Βάμβας"), Ελληνικά 1934, vol. 7: 51-62.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Δάσκαλους του Γένους, Daskalos tou Genous
  2. ↑ There is disagreement in the sources about the year of birth. Dimaras ( Δημαράς ) listed several possible dates in 1776 or 1777. (Konstantinos Dimaras: ". Φίλοι Δύο Κοραής και Βάμβας" φροντίσματα, Ιστορικά, 'Αδαμάντιος Κοραής, εκδ.Πορεία τομ.β , Athens 1996: 141, 231, υπος.13 . )
  3. ↑ Simos Simeonidis ( Συμεωνίδης Σίμος ): Κοινωνία και παιδεία στη Σίφνο , Σιφνιακά 1995, vol. 5: 117.
  4. ↑ : Konstantinos Amantos ( Κωνσταντίνος Άμαντος ), Neofytos Vamvas ( «Νεόφυτος Βάμβας» ), Ellinika ( Ελληνικά ) 1934, vol. 7: 51.
  5. ↑ gr. Konstantinos Chatzeri, Κωνσταντίνος Χατζερή
  6. ↑ Panagiotis Michailaris ( Μιχαηλάρης Παναγιώτης ), Neophytos Vamvas ( "Νεόφυτος Βάμβας" ), In: Vasilios Panagiotopoulos ( Βασίλειος Παναγιωτόπουλος ., Ed), Κληρικοί στον Αγώνα (Kliriki ston Agona, dt clergy in revolt.) Τα Νέα , Athens, 2010: 84
  7. ↑ Konstantinos Dimaras ( Δημαράς Κωνσταντίνος ): «Δύο φίλο. Κοραής και Βάμβας » (Dyo filo. Korais ke Vamvas, German two friends) Ιστορικά φροντίσματα , vol. 2, Αδαμάντιος Κοραής, εκδ.Πορεία , 1996
  8. ↑ Panagiotis Michailaras ( Μιχαηλάρης Παναγιώτης ): «Νεόφυτος Βάμβας» , 2010: 84.
  9. ↑ Viky Patsiou ( Πάτσιου Βίκυ ), "Μεταφραστικές δοκιμές και προϋποθέσεις στα όρια του Νεοελληνικού Διαφωτισμού " (Metafrastikes dokimes ke proykothesis sta Oria tou Neoellinikou Diafotismou, German translations and forerunner of the Greek Enlightenment.) Ο Ερανιστής 1993, Vol. 19: 216, υποσ .18.
  10. ↑ Konstantinos Dimaras, "Δύο φίλο. Κοραής και Βάμβας » 1996: 143.
  11. ↑ Konstantinos Amantos ( Άμαντος Κωνσταντίνος ): «Νεόφυτος Βάμβας» (Neofytos Vamvas), Ελληνικά (Ellinika) 1934, vol. 7: 52.
  12. ↑ "Τον λαμβάνω (ενν. Τον Βάμβα) πολλάκις εις το πενιχρόν μου γεύμα, και μετά το γεύμα καμμιάν φορά και συνθεατήν των Ρακίνειων τραγωδιών εις το Γαλλικόν θέατρον "
  13. ↑ Ioanna Diamantourou ( Διαμαντούρου Ιωάννα ), «Εξάπλωση της Επαναστάσεως κατά τον Απρίλιο και τον Μάιο. Επέκταση και ένταση των πολεμικών συγκρούσεων-Ναυτικός αγώνας », Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους . 12: 109 , Athens, 1975, 109 Ο Άμαντος την κρίνει την πρότασή του ως ορθή, αλλά οι επιχειρήσεις δεν ήταν καλά προετοιμσμένες. Konstantinos Amantos ( Άμαντος Κωνσταντίνος ), "Νεόφυτος Βάμβας" (Neofytos Vamvas), Ελληνικά 1934, vol. 7: 53.
  14. ↑ «Η αποτυχημένη αυτή επιχείρηση πρέπει να μέτρησε πολύ στις μετέπειτα αποφάσεις του Βάμβα». Panagiotis Michailaris ( Μιχαηλάρης Παναγιώτης ), "Νεόφυτος Βάμβας" , In: Panagiotopoulos ( Βασίλειος Παναγιωτόπουλος ): Κληρικοί στον Αγώνα , Τα Νέα , Athens 2010: 95th
  15. ↑ ανέλαβε σχολάρχης της Φιλοσοφικής Σχολής αφού "θεωρήθηκε υπερβολικά" ριζοσπάστης "για να διορισθεί στην Θεολογική.
  16. ↑ Konstantinos Dimaras ( Δημαράς Κωνσταντίνος ): Εν Αθήναις τη 3 Μαΐου 1837. (Athens on May 3, 1837), εκδ. Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (University of Athens) 1987: 21f.
  17. ↑ "όστις εμποδίζει την μετάφραση των γραφών κλείει την Βασιλεία του Θεού έμπροσθεν των ανθρώπων και υπόκειται εις " το Ουαί "εις το οποίο καταδίκασε ο Κύριος ημών τους Γραμματείς και Φαρισαίους " Mt 23,26  LUT Το γλωσσικό στα εκκλησιαστικά κείμενα ( Memento of the original from April 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (About the language in church news) In: Το Βήμα (To Vima), April 15, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tovima.gr
  18. ↑ Μεταλληνός Γεώργιος (Georgios Metallinos): «Δύο ανέκδοτοι λόγοι του Ν. Βάμβα »(Dyo anekdoti Logi tou N. Vamva - Two unpublished words by Vamvas), Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος (Ekklesiastikos faros) 1980–1981, Vol. 62–64: 311–370.
  19. ↑ Δούγαλδ Στεβάρδου, (Dugald Stewart) Εγχειρίδιον Ηθικής Φιλοσοφίας-Διδασκαλία στην Ιονική Ακαδημία 1829–1830, μτρφ. Νεοφύτου Βάμβα.επιμ. Παναγής Αλιπράντης, εκδ.Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών, Εθνικό Ίδρυμα Ερευνών, Athens 2009.
personal data
SURNAME Vamvas, Neofytos
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Vamvas, Neophytos; Bambas, Neophytos; Νεόφυτος Βάμβας (Greek)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Greek scholar, symbolic figure of the Enlightenment in Greece
DATE OF BIRTH 1776
PLACE OF BIRTH Chios , Ottoman Empire
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1855
Place of death Athens , Greece