Neumühl (Uebigau-Wahrenbrück)

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The Vorwerk Neumühl on a Urmes table sheet from 1847

Neumühl is a settlement belonging to the town of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück in the Elbe-Elster district in southern Brandenburg . It is located on the district road 6216 about two kilometers northwest of Wahrenbrück in the Niederlausitzer Heidelandschaft nature park .

The place on the Schwarzen Elster and Neugraben is considered the oldest mill location in the district.

history

Mill moat
Horses of the stud

Neumühl was first mentioned in a document in 1248. At that time, the Margrave of Meissen Heinrich the Illustrious sold the new mill near Wahrenbrück to the Dobrilugk monastery . In 1276 it was sold to Alexander von Beiersdorf, whereby the monastery reserved certain privileges and rights, which were confirmed by Emperor Sigmund in 1434 . Also in 1398 Neumühl appeared in a feudal deed in which the Ileburger vassals Hansen and his cousin Heinrich von Weltewitz were enfeoffed with the new mills (Neumühl), Zinsdorf and the deserted areas of Redern and Grabo in this area . The place was later under the rule of Lönnewitz and after this rule was divided by Dam von Weltewitz in 1712 , the rule of Neu-Lönnewitz. The rulership had patrimonial jurisdiction over his possessions.

The noble family von Weltewitz owned the rule until 1770. According to the regulations of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Neumühl came from the Kingdom of Saxony to the administrative district of Merseburg in the Prussian province of Saxony . The Neu-Lönnewitz estate and its possessions soon came into civil ownership. From 1834 a Ludwig Ferdinand Kretzschmar can be proven as the owner. A year later, the Neumühl Vorwerk had 4 houses with 10 residents. 4 horses, 13 cattle, 330 sheep and 8 pigs were counted as cattle. Patrimonial jurisdiction was abolished in Prussia in 1849. Fragments of the former estate archive with its court files are in the Wernigerode branch of the Saxony-Anhalt state archive . According to a census from 1871, there were two manor districts here at that time ; the Freigut Neumühl 6 population and the Vorwerk Neumühl with 12 residents.

After the Second World War , land reform began in the Bad Liebenwerda district in autumn 1945 . In accordance with the Land Reform Ordinance (BRVO), private and state property over 100 hectares with all buildings, living and dead inventory and other agricultural property were expropriated and divided. By March 1 of the following year, a total of 9580 hectares had been expropriated and distributed in the district. Most of the land came to those entitled to allocation, such as farm workers, landless farmers, small tenants, resettlers and farmers with little land.

The Neumühl Vorwerk with its 134 hectares of land was not divided in this context. It became the so-called model estate , which was later incorporated into the state-owned estate in Kölsa . Neumühl finally came as a district to the neighboring municipality of Beutersitz , which was incorporated into the city of Wahrenbrück on September 27, 1998. Three years later, Wahrenbrück merged with the city of Uebigau and the communities of Bahnsdorf , Drasdo and Wiederau to form the new city of Uebigau-Wahrenbrück.

After the fall of the Wall as a result of privatization, the former Vorwerk became a stud farm covering around 200 hectares .

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View of Neumühl from the south

From the grinding mill to the hydroelectric power station

The hydroelectric power plant currently decommissioned

The watermill in Neumühl is said to have had four grinders in 1561. She changed hands several times. And even if it has been structurally changed over and over again and destroyed by fires, it has appeared consistently in maps and documents over the centuries. In 1802 the new mill located on Neugraben consisted of a three-speed grinding mill, a stamping mill and a board cutting mill. It was in operation until the 1960s. Most recently she owned a Zuppinger bike with a diameter of 5.4 meters and a width of 3.5 meters.

Structurally largely dilapidated, the mill moved into focus at the end of the 1990s for a conversion in the form of a small hydropower plant for the Expo 2000 world exhibition . And after there had already been plans to demolish the structural remains of the old water mill, they ultimately turned out to be largely unsuitable for a corresponding renovation in the course of the project planning. The mill was finally dismantled by the year 2000 and replaced by a new building. Inside, there was space for a 2.5-ton high-pole generator , which generates environmentally friendly electricity using hydropower, which is fed into the public grid. The system has an all-steel Zuppinger wheel and a single-stage gear transmission. Their power range extends from 20 to 60 kVA. The permanently excited synchronous generator was developed by Finsterwalder PILZ GmbH in cooperation with the University of Kassel .

Currently, however, the facility advertised as a Neumühl high-pole generator is out of order due to technical problems.

Desert Grabo

To the north-west of Neumühl, to the left of the Schwarzen Elster, there is said to be the Grabo desert , often referred to as Grabow in literature. The Slavic foundation was first mentioned in 1299 in a conciliation document between Otto von Ileburg and the Dobrilugk monastery. In 1302 it reappeared in an exchange certificate between Otto von Ileburg and the parish church of Langennaundorf . Otto von Ileburg received the village of Grabo with the school administration , fishing and all accessories. Grabo must have fallen desolate some time later, because in 1398 the place in the document in which Hansen and his cousin Heinrich von Weltewitz are enfeoffed with Neumühl, among other things, is already described as a desert. Parts of the Graboer Feldmark went to Uebigau, Wahrenbrück, Beiersdorf, Zinsdorf and Neumühl.

Tourist connections and facilities

Information board at the hydropower plant

By Neumühl leading Black-Elster Bike Trail , a 190-kilometer cycle path . The federal highway 101 leading through Beutersitz can be reached after about one kilometer northeast of Neumühl.

At the entrance to the village from the direction of Beutersitz, there are also some parking spaces with an information board immediately behind the Schwarzen Elster. Further information boards are located at the small hydropower plant. The neighboring restaurant Elsterstübchen offers food and drinks as well as canoe and rubber boat tours on the Black Elster and its oxbow lakes. There are also overnight accommodations at the Neumühler Gestüt.

literature

  • Manfred Woitzik: “First come - first served” a cultural history of mills in the Elbe-Elster district . Ed .: Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster District. Herzberg, S. 119/120 .
  • Andreas Pöschl (ed.), Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster district (ed.): Coal, wind and water. An energy historical foray through the Elbe-Elsterland . Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster District, Herzberg / Elster 2001, pp. 160–167, ISBN 3-00-008956-X .
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The Black Elster with the Black Elster Cycle Path in Neumühl

Web links

Commons : Neumühl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Notes and individual references

  1. ^ "First mention of our home churches" . In: Working groups of the friends of nature and home of the German cultural association Bad Liebenwerda district (Hrsg.): Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1959, p. 28 .
  2. ↑ a b c Manfred Woitzik: "First come - first served" a cultural history of the mills in the Elbe-Elster district . Ed .: Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster District. Herzberg, S. 119 to 120 .
  3. ^ Friedrich Stoy : Lönnewitz . In: The Black Magpie . No. 295/296 , 1925 (free local history supplement to the Liebenwerdaer Kreisblatt ).
  4. ^ H. Appel: On the history of Zinsdorf . In: The Black Magpie . No. 448 , 1933 (free local history supplement to the Liebenwerdaer Kreisblatt ).
  5. ↑ a b Jörg Brückner, Andreas Erb and Christoph Volkmar: Aristocratic archives in the state main archive of Saxony-Anhalt - overview of the holdings . In: Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Publications of the state archive administration of the State of Saxony-Anhalt - Series A - Sources on the history of Saxony-Anhalt . tape 20 . Self-published by the State Archive of Saxony-Anhalt, Magdeburg 2012, p. 203 . ( Online as a PDF file )
  6. ^ "Overview of the population and the cattle stock in 1835" in "The Black Elster - Our home in words and pictures" . No. 596 . Bad Liebenwerda 1985, p. 8 to 10 .
  7. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population: According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871 . tape 6-8 . Publishing house of the Royal Statistical Bureau, 1873, p. 68 .
  8. ↑ a b Torsten Lehmann: The implementation of the land reform in the old district of Liebenwerda In: Local calendar for the old district of Bad Liebenwerda, the Mückenberger Ländchen, outskirts on Schraden and Uebigau-Falkenberg . Ed .: Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Heimatkunde e. V. Bad Liebenwerda. Bad Liebenwerda 1997, p. 101 .
  9. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
  10. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities of Germany, see 1998 ( Memento from August 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ a b Internet presence of the “Gut Neumühl” stud , accessed on September 17, 2016
  12. ↑ Andreas Pöschl (Red.), Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster District (Ed.): Coal, Wind and Water. An energy historical foray through the Elbe-Elsterland . Cultural Office of the Elbe-Elster District, Herzberg / Elster 2001, pp. 160–167, ISBN 3-00-008956-X .
  13. ↑ As of September 2016
  14. ↑ M. Karl Fitzkow : From some desert villages . In: Home calendar for the Bad Liebenwerda district . Bad Liebenwerda 1963, p. 118-126 .
  15. ↑ Internet presence of the Neumühler Elsterstübchen , accessed on September 17, 2016

Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 13.7 ″  N , 13 ° 21 ′ 18 ″  E