Neustadt (Lübbenau / Spreewald)
The Neustadt , nowe město in Lower Sorbian , is a prefabricated housing estate and an officially designated residential area in the town of Lübbenau / Spreewald in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district in Brandenburg .
location
The Neustadt lies in the Lower Lusatia and in the southern part of the Spreewald . It is located in the southern part of the city of Lübbenau, the state road 49 form roughly the northern border of the Neustadt. Other surrounding villages are Boblitz in the southeast, Groß Klessow and Klein Klessow in the south and Zerkwitz with the municipality of Kleeden in the west.
history
In 1952, the SED party conference decided to expand the Cottbus district into an energy center. This led to the plan to build what was then Europe's largest coal-fired power station in the district. Finally, in a selection process, the cities of Cottbus , Lübben , Forst and Lübbenau were chosen as possible locations. Due to the existing coal fields in the vicinity of Lübbenau, the good rail connections through the Berlin – Görlitz and Lübbenau – Kamenz railway lines , whereby the power plant could also be supplied with lignite from the opencast mines in the vicinity of Senftenberg, as well as the motorway connections to Berlin, Cottbus and Dresden ultimately chose Lübbenau. On April 18, 1956, the architect Wilhelm Flemming from Cottbus presented the plans for the new district for the first time. This plan included 1,500 apartments and infrastructure facilities. The planning phase began in August 1956. Shortly afterwards, the plans for the construction of the new planned town were presented to the citizens of Lübbenau. These were initially largely viewed critically, especially by farmers who cultivated agricultural land in the area designated as the location. On September 26, 1956, the chief architects of the Cottbus district met for a joint meeting, where the construction of initially 160 apartments in large-panel construction was planned.
In 1957, to test a new type of residential building, the access road Straße des Aufauten was laid out with 13 three-storey prefabricated buildings. The 225 apartments in these buildings still had to be heated with coal stoves, but were considered very modern for the time. These apartments were initially inhabited by engineers who were involved in the construction of the new town. On March 21, 1957, a coal and energy program was passed, with a total of 71 million D-Marks being available for publicly owned housing in the districts in which lignite was mined. On April 10th of that year the council of the district of Calau and later also the council of the city of Lübbenau confirmed the basic concept for the construction of the large housing estate "Lübbenau-Neustadt". This plan included 1,825 apartments. On June 28, 1957, the first apartment blocks on the street of the structure were inaugurated, and on July 11, the first workers' housing cooperative in the Calau district was founded in the Kulturhaus . The foundation stone for the housing estate was laid on September 2, 1957, and on September 15, 1957, the publicly owned housing business of the city of Lübbenau was founded for the purpose of managing the district , from which the VEB Kommunale Housing Management Lübbenau emerged the following year . On October 23, 1957, the foundation stone was finally laid for the construction of the Lübbenau power plant . The first apartment blocks were still built using concrete, but since only half of the planned apartments could be completed in 1957, the switch to prefabricated construction was made very quickly.
In May 1958, the construction of prefabricated buildings in today's Goethestrasse began. Since this construction method was also suitable for erecting taller buildings, the plans for four-story buildings were changed, with the result that the number of planned apartments rose to 2,187. The result was the “Lübbenau” prefabricated building type , which was also used in Calau, Cottbus, Elsterwerda , Guben and Lübben in the following period . In the summer of 1958 there were 15 blocks of flats along the Street of Peace . However, the roads were not yet paved. In the same year, planning to expand the housing estate began. On March 10, 1959, the construction of a restaurant began in the new town , which was to serve as a dining room for the workers on the large construction site and as a restaurant for the future residents of the new town. On August 1, 1959, 364 apartments were ready for occupancy. There was also a school, a kindergarten and a department store. The restaurant was handed over to the trade organization on October 6th . On December 17, 1959, the first 50-megawatt block of the Lübbenau power plant went into operation. At the end of the year, the entire city of Lübbenau had 10,669 inhabitants, almost twice as many as ten years earlier.
The remote-heated apartments, which were all equipped with a bathroom and fitted kitchen and had a balcony , were considered very modern and luxurious for the time in the GDR. Since the number of births increased sharply in the 1960s and there were no longer enough crèche places, a temporary kindergarten was set up in what is now Straße der Jugend 16 . In addition, the construction of the Polytechnische Oberschule II was completed in 1960 , so that the first 427 school children from the Neustadt could start school in 23 classes in the 1960/61 school year. The school was located in the south of the new town on the street of peace . At the beginning of October, the planning for an apprentice combine began. In addition, a large sports facility was planned near the school. On November 11, 1960, the Neustadt department store was opened by the HO, which was then the largest department store in the Cottbus district. On December 10, 1960, a draft for the westward expansion of the planned city was presented, which provided for 16 further blocks of flats with 592 apartments in the Straße der Jugend , the Robert-Koch- Straße and the August-Bebel- Straße . There was also a care facility, a sports facility and a school with a gym. Also in 1960 the construction of the polyclinic near the Kraftwerkstrasse began. 1961 lived in Lübbenau about 18,000 inhabitants. In September 1961, 1,653 apartments were completed in Neustadt, 3,000 apartments were still under construction or in planning. On February 15, 1962, another day care center was opened near the polyclinic to meet the growing demand for crèche places. A little later a playground was built by volunteer parents as part of the national reconstruction project . In the middle of the year the city of Lübbenau had 13,580 inhabitants, of which around 7,500 lived in the Neustadt.
In the period that followed, further plans were drawn up for an expansion of the Neustadt, so that the city of Lübbenau should have a population of more than 30,000 in 2000. On April 11, 1963, the outpatient clinic was opened to the public after three years of construction. On April 27, 1963, the new sports club TSG Lübbenau 63 was founded at a meeting of members of the company sports associations "Aktivist" and "Turbine" . Corresponding sports facilities were then added. In the following year the TSG already had around 1,000 members. In November 1963, the Council of Ministers ordered the construction of 120 apartments of the prefabricated type P2 , and two buildings that had already been built in August-Bebel-Strasse had to be redesigned. In addition, the city planners were ordered to provide 240 apartments for the workers of the Lübbenau power plant by the beginning of 1964. A little later, however, this plan was rejected again and it was decided to carry out the building on Friedrich-Engels-Strasse 7-9 as a P2 building. Towards the end of the year, prefabricated buildings with a total of 582 apartments were added, the city of Lübbenau had 14,698 inhabitants. On January 15, 1964, a new development plan was presented. According to this, the city of Lübbenau should be divided into three areas. The 10,000 residents living complex I included the already constructed part of the new city between August-Bebel-Straße and the Kraftwerkstraße, the residential complex II provided 14,000 inhabitants should abandon the August-Bebel-road west to the outskirts of Zerkwitz extend and the residential complex III formed the old town. For each of these residential complexes, a separate city center should also be created. There were also plans for the construction of a bypass road to keep through traffic out of the city.
At the beginning of 1965, the thirteen- story high-rise building with 155 apartment flats was inaugurated on the corner of Straße des Friedens and Straße der Jugend . In April the last buildings of the residential complex I were completed and the preparatory work for the residential complex II began. Shortly afterwards, the construction of the apartment blocks in Alexander-von-Humboldt- Strasse and Dr.- Albert-Schweitzer- Strasse began. By the end of the year, Block 15, which later became the Alexander-von-Humboldt-Straße 1-5 apartment block, was the first to move into in the II residential complex. At the same time, a kindergarten and a department store were under construction. On February 1, 1966, the kindergarten, which still exists today, was opened in Alexander-von-Humboldt-Strasse under the name " Friedrich Fröbel " and the department store in Strasse der Einheit . Also in 1966, the Technical University of Dresden carried out measurements in the Neustadt district, in which air pollution with fly ash and sulfur dioxide was found that were many times above the limit values. In addition, the residents of Neustadt were increasingly diagnosed with lung diseases and various blood diseases and the life expectancy was five to ten years lower than in the rest of the GDR. As a result, considerations began to completely stop housing construction in the new town. However, since this would have represented an industrial collapse and living space was also required for the residents of the villages of Tornow and Seese intended for devastation , the expansion of the Neustadt was continued. On October 7, 1966, there were 3,597 apartments in Neustadt, and since the foundation stone was laid in September 1957, three schools, four kindergartens and crèches each, a polyclinic as well as several department stores and service facilities have been added. According to plans, 2,000 more apartments were to be built by 1970.
At the beginning of 1967 the last five apartment blocks on Alexander-von-Humboldt-Straße were completed, these were the last apartment blocks of the prefabricated “Lübbenau” type, from then on all new blocks were designed as P2 buildings. At the end of the year 507 new apartments had been built. On March 11, 1968, the first children's combination in the city of Lübbenau and the second in the Cottbus district opened on Dr.-Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse . In order to promote the greening of the Neustadt, the City Council of Lübbenau founded a “Green Brigade”, which was gradually enlarged and was responsible for the creation and maintenance of the green areas. By the end of 1968, 3,482 apartments had been built since the foundation stone was laid. At the beginning of the following year, the western expansion of the Neustadt continued, by mid-year 230 new apartments had already been built. The second children's combination in Lübbenau followed in March, and a third in Rudolf-Breitscheid- Strasse was under construction. At the end of the year the Neustadt reached the neighboring town of Zerkwitz, so the planned residential construction was completed on a large scale. The average age of the residents of Neustadt at the end of 1969 was 28.2 years, Lübbenau was one of the cities with the most children in the GDR at that time.
On October 28, 1970, the largest gym in the Calau district was inaugurated on Otto-Grotewohl- Strasse. It served as a gym for school sports at the " Werner Seelenbinder " POS and was also intended to be used for larger sporting events. On January 1, 1971, the city of Lübbenau had 21,788 inhabitants, with 333 children born in the previous year and 146 marriages concluded. At the beginning of 1972, another apartment block was built on Alexander-von-Humboldt-Straße, which was ready for occupancy in April. In the following month, a city bus line was inaugurated in Neustadt. This was linked to the works traffic of the Lübbenau power plant, which is why the use of the city bus was free for power plant employees. On June 3, 1972, the construction of a housing estate made up of 18 “Bastei” -type homes in Friedrich-Engels-Strasse began, which was mainly used by large families and was therefore funded. On December 4, 1972, another department store opened in Otto-Grothewohl-Straße, at that time the largest department store in the Calau district.
After the reunification in the GDR and the shutdown of the power station in 1996, Neustadt experienced a significant decline in population. Between 2002 and 2014, around 1,300 apartments were demolished in Neustadt. The existing prefabricated buildings were renovated, for example in the so-called " Schweitzereck ". Two thirds of the apartment blocks in Neustadt are managed by WIS-Wohnungsbaugesellschaft im Spreewald mbH and one-third by the non-profit housing cooperative (GWG) . In the Neustadt there are also shops such as the Spreewald Coliseum shopping center .
The Spreewelten-Bad , opened in 2008, offers swimming with penguins, a unique attraction in Europe. There is also a sauna world with 14 themed saunas.
Web links
proof
- ↑ a b Gabriela Müller: Seven times seven equal 50 years of Lübbenau-Neustadt.
- ↑ Wolfgang Ader: A city makes school. In: History of the City of Lübbenau - 20th Century. City of Lübbenau (Ed.), P. 213
- ↑ Erich Rinka : A city is growing. In: Nature and Home. Issue 4. 1961
- ↑ Spreeweltenbad , accessed on November 1, 2017