Nevinnomyssk Canal
The Nevinnomyssk Canal ( Russian: Невинномы́сский кана́л / Nevinnomysski kanal ) is an irrigation canal on the northern edge of the Greater Caucasus in the Stavropol region ( Russia ). It serves to partially divert the water of the Kuban River into the formerly arid Jegorlyk in the Don catchment area and thus as part of the Kuban-Jegorlyk canal system for irrigation of agricultural areas in the western part of the Stavropol region, in the north of the Krasnodar region and in the southeast of the Rostov region .
course
The canal begins on the northwestern edge of the city of Nevinnomyssk on the right bank of the Kuban River , where there is a barrage at an altitude of about 310 m ( location ). It runs over 49.2 kilometers in a north-westerly direction, initially along the right flank of the Kuban Valley below the Stavropol ridge, which is more than 800 meters high . On this section, water is taken from the canal to irrigate the areas between it and the Kuban. The canal, which is 30 meters wide, crosses a number of smaller right Kuban tributaries, including the Barsutschka, through culverts or over canal bridges. After twelve kilometers, the water from the canal drives the small Swistucha hydropower plant ( Swistuchinskaja GES , output 11.8 MW , location ).
In the further course of the canal, the Nedremanny ridge of the Stavropol ridge, which represents the watershed to the Jegorlyk, is crossed by the canal through an approximately six kilometer long tunnel , consisting of two adjoining tunnels ( location of the tunnel entrance , location of the tunnel exit ). To the northwest of the mountain range, the canal splits after a few kilometers just before its end. Part of the water is fed to the upper reaches of the Jegorlyk, which a little later feeds the former lake and today's Sengilejewskoje reservoir via an artificial bed . A left branch of the canal leads about five kilometers into the Jegorlyk below the reservoir. The water overcomes the height difference of 46.5 meters down to the river level at a height of 220 m through pipes and drives the turbines of the Sengilejewskoje hydropower plant ( Sengilejewskaja GES , output 15 MW, location ). Today, like the Swistucha hydropower plant, it is operated by the Kuban hydropower plant Kaskade (Kubanski kaskad GES) branch of RusHydro .
The maximum flow rate is 75 m³ / s. In 1991 it was decided to increase it to 135 m³ / s. In 1985 the agricultural area irrigated by the canal was 130,000 hectares .
At Nevinnomyssk the canal is crossed by the trunk road R217 leading along the northern edge of the Caucasus to the Azerbaijani border and by its branch leading to the regional capital Stavropol , as well as by the main route of the North Caucasian railway Rostov-on-Don - Makhachkala - Azerbaijan.
history
After in 1918 the first exploration work for the construction of Kuban Yegorlyk River channel had been carried out, but by the Russian Civil War were interrupted, which concluded Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union in 1935 "in honor of the 15th anniversary of the victory over the White " by the construction of a canal to improve the water supply in the foothills of the Caucasus, which are suffering from summer drought.
Construction of the Nevinnomyssk Canal began in 1936. It was one of the major Soviet hydraulic engineering projects of the 1930s and was the most important irrigation canal of that time alongside the Great Ferghana Canal in the Uzbek Ferghana Valley . Accordingly, the construction was carried out according to Soviet customs with great propaganda effort as a “people's building” (Vsenarodnaja stroika) . In 1940, for example, "50,000 workers from the Stavropol region and the surrounding areas were deployed to accelerate construction , who did a job in 30 days that would have taken two to three additional years without their involvement" . The opening was planned for November 7, 1941, the 27th anniversary of the October Revolution .
The beginning of the German-Soviet War interrupted construction; the area was occupied by the German Wehrmacht in 1942 , and completed facilities on the canal were damaged or destroyed. After the German troops were pushed back by the Red Army in early 1943, construction of the canal continued in 1944. In 1945 the facilities at the Kanalkopf am Kuban were completed, in 1947 the tunnel through the Stavropol ridge. On June 1, 1948, the canal was handed over.
On August 10, 1948, the Swistucha hydropower plant was also put into operation. Its already installed equipment had been dismantled at the beginning of the war and survived the time of German occupation in a hiding place. The Sengileevskoye hydropower plant was built from 1949 and was completed by 1954. In the following years, the irrigation system on the Jegorlyk, mainly fed by the Nevinnomyssk Canal, was expanded. The most important building was built 1949-1960 for the rights Yegorlyk River Canal to irrigate the area between Yegorlyk River and the Manych -Quellfluss Kalaus .
In the early 1980s, the canal was named after the politician Mikhail Suslov , who died in 1982 . This term did not catch on because perestroika began a little later and was rarely used.
literature
- V. Gnilovskoj: Zanimatel ʹ noe kraevedenie . Stavropol 1974 ( entertaining local history ; Russian, online ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Article Newinnomyssk Canal in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
- ↑ a b c d Kuban hydropower plant cascade on the RusHydro website (Russian)
- ↑ a b Newinnomyssk M. A. Suslov Canal in the Great Encyclopedic Dictionary of Agriculture , Moscow 1998 (Russian)
- ↑ V. Gnilovskoj: Zanimatel'noe kraevedenie , s. literature