Nickel (II) sulfate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Nickel (II) sulfate
other names	Nickel sulfate
Molecular formula	NiSO 4
Brief description	yellow crystals (anhydrous); odorless, emerald green to blue crystals (hexahydrate);
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.186
PubChem	24586
Wikidata	Q411337
properties
Molar mass	154.756 g mol −1 (anhydrous); 262.8477 g · mol -1 (hexahydrate);
Physical state	firmly
density	3.68 g cm −3 (anhydrous); 2.07 g cm −3 (hexahydrate); 1.95 g cm −3 (heptahydrate);
Melting point	848 ° C (decomposition)
solubility	very good in water (650 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-332-315-317-334-341-350i-360D-372-410
	P: 201-273-280-302 + 352-304 + 340-308 + 313
Toxicological data	264 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , rat , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Nickel (II) sulfate is the nickel salt of sulfuric acid . It consist of a nickel cation (Ni ²⁺ ) and a sulphate - anion (SO ₄^2-). When heated above 840 ° C, decomposition occurs with the formation of toxic fumes ( nickel monoxide , sulfur trioxide ). In aqueous solution , the nickel (II) sulphate reacts slightly acidic.

Occurrence

The heptahydrate of nickel (II) sulfate occurs naturally as the mineral morenosite .

Extraction and presentation

Nickel (II) sulfate can be produced by reacting nickel, nickel (II) oxide or nickel (II) carbonate with dilute sulfuric acid.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {NiCO_ {3} + H_ {2} SO_ {4} \ longrightarrow NiSO_ {4} + CO_ {2} \ uparrow + \ H_ {2} O}}

When crystallizing from sulfuric acid, the hexahydrate precipitates . If it is crystallized from pure water, the heptahydrate is formed.

One way of producing the anhydride directly is the gas phase reaction of nickel tetracarbonyl , sulfur dioxide and oxygen .

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Ni (CO) _ {4} + SO_ {2} + O_ {2} \ longrightarrow NiSO_ {4} +4 \ CO}}

properties

Nickel (II) sulfate hexahydrate

In addition to the anhydrous form, nickel (II) sulfate also exists as hepta- and hexahydrate. The heptahydrate is in the form of dark green rhombohedral crystals. There are two modifications of the hexahydrate , the blue, tetragonal α-modification and the emerald-green, monoclinic β-nickel (II) sulfate. If α-NiSO _{4 is} heated to temperatures above 53.3 ° C, it is converted into β-NiSO ₄ . When heated above 103 ° C, all water-containing nickel sulphates lose their water of crystallization and become a cubic crystallizing anhydride . Above 848 ° C it decomposes to nickel (II) oxide and sulfur trioxide.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {NiSO_ {4} \ longrightarrow NiO + SO_ {3}}}

use

Nickel (II) sulfate is the technically most important nickel compound. It is used to produce other nickel compounds and catalysts . The aqueous solutions of nickel (II) sulfate and nickel (II) chloride NiCl ₂ are used for the electrodeposition of metallic nickel layers. It is also used in dyeing as a mordant and in the manufacture of gas masks .

safety instructions

Nickel (II) sulfate is classified as a carcinogen . The main route of exposure is the respiratory tract, but absorption through the skin is considered to be negligible. Resorption via the digestive tract is heavily dependent on the transporter: By consuming food at the same time, the nickel ions can be complexed and the absorption rate can decrease. The substance can cause contact allergies . Irritation of the digestive tract occurs after ingestion .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on nickel (II) sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on November 22, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2003, ISBN 0-07-049439-8 , pp. 621-623.
↑ ^a ^b Data sheet nickel (II) sulfate (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.
↑ Entry on nickel sulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Handbook of Mineralogy: Morenosite (English, PDF 66.4 kB)
↑ Entry on nickel (II) sulfate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 5, 2015.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Entry on nickel (II) sulfate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on November 22, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[handbook-2] Pradyot Patnaik: Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2003, ISBN 0-07-049439-8 , pp. 621-623.

[Merck-3] Data sheet nickel (II) sulfate (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 19, 2011.

[CLP_100.029.186-4] Entry on nickel sulphate in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[5] Handbook of Mineralogy: Morenosite (English, PDF 66.4 kB)

[Römpp-6] Entry on nickel (II) sulfate. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 5, 2015.