Nicolas de Rochefort

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Nicolas de Rochefort

Nicolas Henri Maximilien Ivanovich de Rochefort ( Russian Николай Иванович де Рошфор * 1846 in Paris ; † February 4 . Jul / 17th February  1905 greg. In St. Petersburg ) was a French - Russian architect and civil engineer .

Life

Rochefort came to Russia with his parents at the age of twelve (his mother was Russian). He enjoyed a home education and began studying in the science department of Moscow University (graduating in 1865). He switched to the Nikolai Military Engineering College, where he graduated in 1866. He also studied as an external student at the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers .

Rochefort then worked in the Committee for Technology and Construction of the Ministry of the Interior (1866–1868, 1889–1897) and for the Ministry of Transport (1868–1889). He built train stations , railway lines and strategic highways . In 1867 he became a member of the Moscow Architecture Society. 1875-1876 Rochefort built the train station in Samara in the style of the Italian Renaissance , which was replaced in 2001 by a modern new building. He developed another project for the Orenburg train station . In Samara he built a chapel and a Kursaal.

In the early 1870s, Rochefort published several parts of his work on civil engineering and architecture, which Anton Iwanowitsch Stuckenberg reviewed . From 1878 to 1881 Rochefort was chief editor of the monthly architecture magazine Sodtschi . He wrote several books on the theory of architecture. His best-known book is his Illustrated Architect's Handbook , which was only finished after Rochefort's death and has been reprinted repeatedly.

Palace in Białowieża

In 1889 Rochefort became the architect of the Peterhof stone carving factory . Rochefort's most famous project was the palace in Białowieża (1889-1894) for Alexander III. who wanted to hunt there. The palace was given a bath with a swimming pool, which he rebuilt in 1896 in Tsarskoje Selo in the Alexander Palace for Nicholas II . (The palace in Białowieża was badly damaged by fire in the German-Soviet war in July 1944 during the military operations there. The ruin was removed by decision of the Polish government in 1961. ) In 1895 Rochefort in St. Petersburg built the 1853–1861 eclecticism - Architects Andrei Iwanowitsch Stackenschneider rebuilt Nikolai Palace, which now houses the Xenija Alexandrovna Institute for Women. These works by Rochefort are seen as the first examples of Moscow Modernism based on Art Nouveau . 1895-1897 he rebuilt the palace of Princess MW Voronzowa, which Ippolito Monighetti had rebuilt from 1856-1857, which was then taken over by the Lesgaft Institute for Physical Culture. From 1896–1899, he and Ieronim Sevastyanowitsch Kitner built an orangery in the Botanical Garden of the University of St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island . 1900–1901, together with Adam Iossifowitsch Ditrich , he built the building for a chemical laboratory for the St. Petersburg Mining Institute .

An avid philatelist , Rochefort was an honorary member of the Russian (St. Petersburg) section of the German Union of Philatelists . Rochefort had three children. Nikolai was an official for special assignments, lived in Kostroma after the October Revolution , was arrested in 1934 for involvement in a terrorist group, but not convicted, and rehabilitated in 1992. Constantine was the architect of Moscow Modernism. Marija was a poet and Russian nationalist .

Rochefort was buried in the Nicholas Cemetery behind the east choir of the Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Convent in St. Petersburg.

In 1995 there was an exhibition on the architecture of Nicolas and Konstantin de Rochefort in St. Petersburg.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Наш Петергоф: Городу нужен собор (accessed February 28, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b c Samara. Architecture. Projets français (accessed February 28, 2018).
  3. ↑ Историческая записка о деятельности Московского архитектурного общества за первыео вня тридцате летя . Лито-типография О. В. Шейвель, Moscow 1897, p. 6 .
  4. ↑ Железнодорожные станции СССР. Справочник . Транспорт, Moscow 1981.
  5. ↑ Stuckenberg AA: Рецензия на книгу графа де Рошфора: Строительная технология и архитектура гражданских зданийданских . In: Деятельность . No. 43 , 1869.
  6. ↑ Жерихина Е. И., Яранцев В. Н .: Забытый дворец . In: Санкт-Петербургский университет . No. 2 , 1996.
  7. ↑ In search of the lost palace in Białowieża National Park (accessed February 22, 2018).
  8. ↑ Жерихина Е. И., Яранцев В. Н .: Протомодерн в России . In: Штакеншнейдеровские чтения: Тез. докл. научной конференции (Петергоф, 1998) . 1998.
  9. ↑ a b c Citywalls: Архитектор Рошефор де Н. И., здания (accessed February 22, 2018).
  10. ↑ Рошефор Николай Николаевич 1879 (accessed February 22, 2018).
  11. ↑ Архитекторы Николай и Константин де Рошфор. Новые материалы из архивов Парижа и Петербурга. Международная благотворительная выставка . St. Petersburg 1995.
personal data
SURNAME Rochefort, Nicolas de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rochefort, Nicolas Henri Maximilien Iwanowitsch de (full name); Рошфор, Николай Иванович Де (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and civil engineer
DATE OF BIRTH 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH February 17, 1905
Place of death St. Petersburg