Nikolai Efimowitsch Efros

Nikolai Efimowitsch Efros

Nikolai Efimowitsch Efros ( Russian: Николай Ефимович Эфрос ; * 1867 in Moscow ; † October 6, 1923 ibid) was a Russian journalist and theater critic .

Life

Efros came from a wealthy Jewish merchant family in Moscow. He graduated from the high school classes of the Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages and then graduated from the Law Faculty of Moscow University in 1889.

From around 1891 Efros worked for Moscow newspapers and wrote theater reviews . He condemned all forms of anti-Semitism . In 1898 he strongly criticized the strong emphasis on the Jewish accent of the actor M. Darski in the role of Shylock . Efros supported the Moscow Art Theater , founded in 1898, with the new dramaturgy of the plays by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and defended them against the critic Alexander Rafailowitsch Kugel . In 1899 he translated Victor Hugo's drama Angelo . In 1906 he married the actress at the Moscow Korsch Theater Nadeschda Alexandrovna Smirnowa (1873-1951), for which he had to convert to the Russian Orthodox Church . She then performed and taught at the Maly Theater .

From 1907 Efros was the leading critic in the most important Moscow liberal newspaper Russkije vedomosti . From 1911 he headed the Moscow department there until it was closed after the October Revolution . He was also the Moscow correspondent of the St. Petersburg newspaper Retsch , the Odessa newspaper Odesskije Novosti and the Kiev newspaper Kiewskaya Mysl . His articles also appeared in the St. Petersburg magazine Sowremenny Mir (Modern World), in the Russian Review and in other magazines.

After the October Revolution in 1918, Efros became one of the leading staff in the theater department of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR . In 1918 he also headed the literature department of the Rus film company . On his initiative, the film Polikuschka was shot in 1919 based on a story by Leo Tolstoy , the screenplay of which he wrote together with Fyodor Alexandrovich Ozep . In 1920 Efros wrote the screenplay for a film based on a powder by Alexander Ivanovich , in which Olga Vladimirovna Gzovskaya played.

From 1919 Efros headed the newspaper Kooperazija . His first important work from 1896 on the actress Marija Nikolajewna Yermolowa was published in 1920 on the occasion of her honor as People's Artist of the Republic . In the same year he reviewed the production of Othello in the Society of Friends of Art and Literature and reported on Konstantin Sergejewitsch Stanislawski's plan to found a new democratic theater and on Vladimir Ivanovich Nemirowitsch-Danchenko's mentoring in the Russian Academy of Theater Arts at the Moscow Philharmonic Society. Together with Fyodor Ivanovich Chalyapin , Stanislavsky, Alexander Yakovlevich Tairov , Nemirovich-Danchenko and others, Efros sent a Hebrew letter in defense of the Habimah Jewish National Theater to the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR Vladimir Ilyich Lenin . 1921–1922 Efros was editor-in-chief of various theater magazines .

Efros was a board member of the State Academy of Art Sciences of the RSFSR in Moscow, founded in 1921 , which pursued goals similar to the Bauhaus and existed until 1930 (President: Pjotr ​​Semjonowitsch Kogan ; Vice-Presidents: Wassily Kandinsky , Nikolai Kirjakowitsch Piksanow , Gustav Speth ; Board: Kogan (Chair ), Piksanow (Vice-Chair), Anatoli Wassiljewitsch Bakuschinski , AM Rodionow, Leonid Leonidowitsch Sabanejew , Wladimir Maximowitsch Fritsche , Speth, Efros).

Web links

• Literature by and about Nikolai Efimowitsch Efros in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} энциклопедия Кругосвет: ЭФРОС, НИКОЛАЙ ЕФИМОВИЧ (accessed September 23, 2019).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e} Elektronnaja evreiskaja enziklopedija: ЭФРО́С Николай Ефимович (accessed on 23 September 2019).
3. ↑ Энциклопедия кино: Николай Эфрос (accessed September 23, 2010 ).
4. ↑ The language of things. Philosophy and cultural studies in the German-Russian transfer of ideas in the 1920s (accessed on September 22, 2019).