Nikolaus Brömse

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nikolaus Brömse in the mayor's gallery in Lübeck's town hall
Memorial plaques on his house at Königstrasse 9

Nikolaus Brömse (also: Broemse , * around 1472 in Lübeck ; † November 1, 1543 there ) was a mayor of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck and an enemy of Mayor Jürgen Wullenwever .

Life

Brömse came from a Lübeck council family. His father was the mayor Heinrich Brömse . In his will he donated the Brömsen altar for the Jakobikirche , on which he and his family are depicted. On the left of the panels completed in 1515, Nikolaus Brömse is shown behind his father.

After the early death of his older brother, the councilor Dietrich Brömse , Nikolaus Brömse became a member of the influential circle society in 1508 and councilor of the city in 1514, then one of the four mayors in 1520 . In the same year, through the mediation of the merchant Harmen Israhel , he hosted Gustav Wasa , who had escaped from Danish captivity shortly before. Brömse ensured that the Swedes were supported by the Lübeck Council, which also sought to curb the increasing Nordic supremacy of the Danes. In 1521 Nikolaus Brömse was at the court of Emperor Charles V to complain about disturbances in Hanseatic trade by King Christian II of Denmark . After the outbreak of civil unrest during the Reformation , he left the city as a supporter and leading representative of the Catholic, conservative wing of Lübeck politics loyal to the emperor in protest against joining the Schmalkaldic League on April 8, 1531, together with the mayor Hermann Plönnies . First they went to Albert VII of Mecklenburg and from there again to the court of Emperor Charles. He knighted him in August 1531 and appointed him together with his brother, the lawyer Heinrich Brömse , to the Imperial Council .

His flight from Lübeck and his letters to the council, citizens' committee and offices threatening the city with imperial ban if all innovations were not to be immediately reversed led to unrest in the population. First the remaining councilors were arrested, then the committee of 64 "ordained citizens" under Jürgen Wullenwever enforced that the escaped mayors should be considered deposed. In order to reach the number of 24 members allegedly given by Henry the Lion again, the committee held a by-election. Mattheus Packebusch , the eldest of the remaining mayors, had to draw seven out of nine lots in August 1531, on which the names of committee members were eligible. These new councilors were therefore called "note gentlemen".

Due to the setbacks that Lübeck suffered in the count's feud , and at the latest with the Peace of Stockelsdorf in November 1534, dissatisfaction with the policy of the new council grew as did the willingness to meet the imperial demands as long as the city remained Protestant . Brömse made the resignation of the committees, of the gentlemen appointed to the council, and above all Wullenwevers, a condition of his return. On August 28, 1535, he ceremoniously entered Lübeck. With Joachim Gercken he took part in the peace negotiations with Christian III in January 1536 . part. They led to the Peace of Hamburg (1536) . In the matter of Wullenwever, Brömse met Heinrich II on January 22, 1536 in Buxtehude . He was also present at the embarrassing questioning of Wullenwever in March 1536 in Rotenburg (Wümme) .

As mayor, he had a thaler coin minted for the first time in 1537 , which was later referred to as the Brömsentaler . In 1538/39 he promoted the reorganization of the University of Rostock .

Brömse was a devout Catholic and remained an enemy of the Reformation until the end of his life. In 1518 he donated the three king altar painted by the Dutch painter Adriaen Isenbrant in St. Mary's Church , on which he himself is depicted as one of the three kings. This altar was destroyed in 1942. His sister Adelheid Brömse , as abbess, succeeded in preventing the abolition of her monastery by the Lübeck Council, citing the imperial immediacy of her monastery with its help.

Brömse was born with Margarethe Berck married. She was the daughter of Heinrich Berck and niece of Tideman Berck . From her he received the twin houses at Königstrasse 61 and 63 in 1519. He lived in the house at Königstrasse 9 , which he had inherited from his father, and in 1537 bought the neighboring house . He and his son Heinrich (~ 1518 – after 1554) expanded both houses. His daughter Margarethe and her husband Gotthard IV von Höveln lived there from 1550 . The daughter Elisabeth was married to Hieronymus Lüneburg . In his will, Brömse divided a fortune of at least 60,000 Lübsche marks , including over 23,000 marks in cash (!) And 42 houses in Lübeck alone, from which he received pensions. No other Lübeck resident of his time was nearly as rich.

A painting portrait of him hangs in the Lübeck town hall and in the Schabbelhaus .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fryxell (Lit.), p. 10
  2. ↑ Marko A. Pluns: The University of Rostock 1418–1563: a university in the field of tension between the city, sovereigns and Wendish Hanseatic cities. Cologne / Weimar 2007, p. 266
  3. ↑ Photo of the Three Kings Altar
  4. ↑ Königstrasse 60-81 (pdf, accessed November 1, 2018)
  5. ↑ Königstrasse 1-10 (pdf, accessed December 7, 2014)
  6. ↑ This year he bought a house (archive of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck AH 04 home ownership (pdf, accessed on December 10, 2014))
  7. ↑ Werner Richter: Lübeckische Vermögen in the 16th and 17th centuries (1500-1630) . Berlin 1913; Pp. 11-13. 85

Web links

Commons : Nikolaus Brömse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Brömse, Nikolaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Broemse, Nicholas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Mayor of Lübeck and enemy Jürgen Wullenwevers
DATE OF BIRTH before 1485
PLACE OF BIRTH Lübeck , Holy Roman Empire
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1543
Place of death Lübeck , Holy Roman Empire