Nikolaus Christoph Lyncker

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Nikolaus Christoph von Lyncker

Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker (born April 1, 1643 in Marburg ; † May 28, 1726 in Vienna ) was a German professor of law in Giessen and Jena and later Reichshofrat in Vienna.

Live and act

Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker was the first son of the Hessian university retirement master Aegidius Lyncker († 1678); he was born in Marburg. His family can be traced back to the 13th century and comes from Upper Hesse and Wetterau.

In Giessen he attended high school. In August 1659 he studied philosophy , languages ​​and law in Giessen, Jena and Marburg . When his studies were completed in 1662, he taught aristocrats in a school. On May 15, 1664 he passed the Litentiaten , an earlier theological college degree, and successfully passed his doctoral examination on June 30, 1668.

academic career

He dedicated his first work Protribunalia , which was published in 1669 and three later, to the Landgrave Ludwig. On July 3, 1670, he was first an associate professor of Heads of State and feudal law at the University of Giessen. In December 1673 he accepted an invitation from Duke Johann Georg as court and government councilor to Eisenach and in May 1677 took over the position of law professor Johann Strauch , when he retired , and became an assessor at the Schöppenstuhl and court judge. After the resignation of Professor Georg Adam Struve , Nikolaus Christoph Lyncker was given the chair of decretals , the subject area of ​​papal decisions, and he was appointed Primarius among the professors in Jena. At the end of 1677, as Imperial Commissioner in Quedlinburg, he successfully arbitrated the disputes between the Brandenburg and Brunswick-Lüneburg courts and was then sent to the Imperial Court of Justice in Speyer as a Saxon member . In 1681 Duke Friedrich I of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg commissioned him with a legal case in Strasbourg , which he successfully handled, so that he was introduced to Vienna by the Duke in March 1682 and became a guardianship councilor in 1683. On January 17, 1687, he received the title of privy councilor in Weimar. In addition, Lyncker also took part in the organizational tasks of the Jena Salana and was rector of the Alma Mater in the summer semester of 1684 .

Scandal at the imperial court in Vienna in 1687

When Duke Johann Georg died in 1686, he had to travel to Vienna in the summer of 1687 to receive the right of investiture in their countries for the dukes of Saxony-Eisenach and -Weimar . He was initially not admitted to the imperial court because of his bourgeois origin and a ceremony and label dispute arose with extensive correspondence, which dragged on for weeks and in which Nikolaus Christoph Lyncker was able to prevail on September 15 by drawing conclusions and enumerating precedents . His six-horse state carriage was received by the Swiss Guard and was allowed to stop in the imperial Hofburg, where the festive enfeoffment took place.

Offices and dignities

On October 7, 1688, the emperor granted him imperial nobility. Other awards followed. On July 10, 1695 he received the title of Consistorial President in Jena. On August 7, 1700 he was raised to the baron status and on August 23, 1701 he received the highest honor in Weimar, that of a privy council president in Weimar, which also included the supervision of the university in Jena. On March 17, 1707 he was appointed Reichshofrat in Vienna.

Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker was very frail in the last years of his life. He died on May 28, 1726 in Vienna at the age of 81 and was buried in what was then the Montserrat monastery with the Black Spaniards . A few years earlier he had written the grave inscription in Latin himself.

family

Nikolaus Christoph Lyncker married the daughter of the Saxon personal physician Margaretha Barbara Widmarkter (* December 21, 1653 in Eisenach; † January 13, 1695 in Jena) in 1676 . Several children emerged from the marriage, of which the eldest son, President of the Justice Council, Ernst Christian Lyncker (1685–1750) from his marriage to Wilhelmina Friderica Elisabetha Freiin von Seckendorf (born September 25, 1706) continued the line with six sons. All six sons reached high offices with different princes. The other children are known to Wilhelm Ferdinand von Lyncker, Gustav Ludwig von Lyncker, and Janette Maria von Lyncker married. Hendrich, Eleonore Sophie von Lyncker and Philippine Henriette von Lyncker.

Well-known portraits

There are four copper engravings of Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker's portraits, which were made by the artists Peter Schenk , von Krügerer , E. Heinzelmann and Bernhard Vogel . The medalist Christian Wermuth also minted a commemorative coin with Lyncker's bust on the obverse and the Lyncker coat of arms with the motto Virtute oculi in manus on the reverse .

meaning

During his lifetime, Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker was regarded as a profound expert on jurisprudence in almost all areas and as a mediator in difficult cases at court. Long after his death, his numerous 193 comprehensive writings were regarded as legally binding interpretations, especially of constitutional law , in which he was influenced by Roman law. Of his writings on the Reich Chamber Court, about the Extrajudicial Appellation was particularly widespread. He is considered to be one of the founders of modern law, which was fundamentally reformed at the end of the Thirty Years War .

From 1710 to 1715 he published legal reports containing reports on criminal proceedings, but also on inheritance disputes, monetary transactions or claims for damages. Since the names of those involved were always mentioned, this opens up an interesting source for research into nobility, which, however, is not easy to cope with without knowledge of the Latin language.

Fonts

  • Protribunalia. Nuremberg 1669, 2nd edition. 1732, 3rd edition. 1737.
  • De gravamine extraiudiciali. 1672, 2nd edition. 1697, 3rd edition. 1737.
  • Libertas statuum imperii. 1686.
  • De eo quod justum est circa personas alienae religionis. 1691.
  • Instructorium forense. 1690, 2nd edition. 1698, 4th edition. 1756.
  • Consilia seu responsa. 1710.
  • Resolutiones disceptationum forensium. 1713.
  • Rerum decisarum centuriae. 1723.
  • Series codicis Iustinianei. 1725.
  • Novellarum Iustiniani exegesis methodo. 1726.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Lyncker, Nikolaus Christoph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lyncker, Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German legal scholar
DATE OF BIRTH April 1, 1643
PLACE OF BIRTH Marburg
DATE OF DEATH May 28, 1726
Place of death Vienna