Nikolaus von Bismarck

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Nikolaus (Klaus) von Bismarck (* 1307 in Stendal ; † August 28, 1377 in Burgstall ) was a Stendal patrician , merchant, councilor , archbishop Magdeburg's governor , margravial Brandenburg councilor and court master .

Life

Nikolaus (Klaus or Claus) was a son of Rudolf (Rule) von Bismarck (around 1280-1340) and Margarethe von Portitz. He came from the Stendal noble family of the Bismarcks , who at the time of his birth had been councilors and successful merchants of the up-and-coming city for several decades. Klaus von Bismarck married Heilwig von Kröcher , with whom he continued the male line of his sex.

He supported the Wittelsbach Margrave and Elector Ludwig I financially and politically. For this he was rewarded with the Burgstall Castle in the southern Altmark. This growing political influence, as well as the patricians' beneficiary economy in general, led to the Stendal craftsmen revolt of 1345. Nikolaus von Bismarck, who had been expelled from the city, sought refuge in Burgstall. As part of the reconciliation with the city ​​council , he founded the Sankt-Gertrud-Hospital zu Stendal in 1350 together with Johann and Burkhard Sweder . From 1353 he appeared under Margrave Ludwig II, the "Roman", also as margravial councilor and remained in this position, often in the immediate vicinity of this prince, until 1361. When his relative Dietrich von Portitz became archbishop of Magdeburg in 1361 , Nikolaus took von Bismarck offered him the post of pencil captain. The reputation of the excellent housekeeping and administration of the archbishopric prompted the archbishop to return home after the archbishop's death in 1367. But he was only allowed to return to Stendal after the new city constitution had been recognized. Bismarck became court master under the Wittelsbach Margrave Otto V., the "lazy" one, and thus received not only the highest court charge , but also the highest administrative office of the Electorate of Brandenburg, which he held until the reign of the Bavarian House in Kurbrandenburg in 1373. Among the Luxembourgers that followed , he seems to have stayed away from office, in any case of advanced age. He was last mentioned in 1377 during his lifetime.

Honors

The Siegesallee Kaiser Wilhelm II placed him on the side of the Luxembourg Emperor Charles IV.

literature

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Secondary literature

  • Wilhelm Crecelius :  Bismarck, Klaus von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 680.
  • Evamaria Engel : feudal citizens, farmers and feudal lords in the Altmark around 1375 . In: Feudal structure, feudal bourgeoisie and long-distance trade in late medieval Brandenburg . Introduction by Eckhard Müller-Mertens (= Hansischer Geschichtsverein [Hrsg.]: Treatises on commercial and social history . Volume VII). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1967, DNB 456539689 , pp. 29-220.
  • Ernst Engelberg : About medieval urban bourgeoisie. The Stendal Bismarcks in the 14th century . Lecture and contributions to the discussion at the meeting of the Social Sciences class II on October 19, 1978 (= Heinrich Scheel (Hrsg.) On behalf of the President of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR: Reports of the sessions of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR. Social sciences . No. 3 / G) . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1979, DNB 790322323 , pp. 5–29 (work characterized by class struggle rhetoric ).
  • Ernst Engelberg: Klaus von Bismarck and the power game of Karl IV. In: Evamaria Engel on behalf of the Central Institute for History at the Academy of Sciences of the GDR (Ed.): Karl IV. Politics and Ideology in the 14th century . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1982, DNB 830490582 , pp. 214-228.
  • Walter Flex : The Chancellor Klaus von Bismarck . Evangelical Society, Stuttgart 1915, DNB 57982747X (literary and historical idealization of his life).
  • Christian Popp: The St. Nikolaus Abbey in Stendal . Revised dissertation Humboldt University Berlin 2005 (= Max Planck Institute for History (Ed.), Nathalie Kruppa (editor): Germania Sacra . New part 49, The Dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Province of Mainz. The Diocese of Halberstadt . Volume 1). Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019535-4 ( full text in res doctae [PDF; 7.2 MB; accessed on July 29, 2019]).
  • Peter P. Rohrlach: Historical local lexicon for the Altmark (= historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Part XII; Klaus Neitmann [Hrsg.]: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives . Volume 68; Publications of the State Archives Administration of the State of Saxony-Anhalt. Series A. Sources for History of Saxony-Anhalt . Volume 23). 2 volumes, Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-8305-3743-4 .
  • Martin Wiehle : Altmark personalities. Biographical lexicon of the Altmark, the Elbe-Havel-Land and the Jerichower Land (= contributions to the cultural history of the Altmark and its peripheral areas . Volume 5). Dr. Ziethen Verlag, Oschersleben 1999, ISBN 978-3-932090-61-5 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Strangely enough, because Nikolaus von Bismarck was actually a partisan of the Wittelsbachers .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b vogel-soya.de, master line of von Bismarck (accessed on January 9, 2016)
  2. ^ Christian Popp: The St. Nikolaus Abbey in Stendal . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-019535-4 , § 26. Poor Care, pp. 129-131, Sankt-Gertrud-Hospital: pp. 129-130.
  3. ↑ Article "Bismarck, Klaus von" by Wilhelm Crecelius in: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, edited by the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, Volume 2 (1875), p. 680, digital full-text edition in Wikisource (version from 8. January 2016, 05:51 UTC)
personal data
SURNAME Bismarck, Nikolaus von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bismarck, Klaus von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Stendal patrician, wholesale merchant, councilor, archbishopric Magdeburg's governor and margravial Brandenburg councilor and court master
DATE OF BIRTH 1307
PLACE OF BIRTH Stendal
DATE OF DEATH August 28, 1377
Place of death Burgstall