Nothoscordum

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Nothoscordum
Nothoscordum gracile

Nothoscordum gracile

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae)
Subfamily : Leek family (Allioideae)
Tribe : Gilliesieae
Genre : Nothoscordum
Scientific name
Nothoscordum
Kunth

The nothoscordum , sometimes also called bastard onion or bastard flowers, form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the allioideae . The generic name Nothoscordum is derived from the Greek: notho for false and scordum for garlic. The genus includes about 25 species .

Description and ecology

Illustration of Nothoscordum bivalve
Illustration of Nothoscordum bivalve

Nothoscordum species are perennial herbaceous plants . The parts of the plant hardly or not smell of garlic or onions. These geophytes form egg-shaped bulbs with a membranous coating and many brood bulbs as persistence organs. The leaves are mostly present during the flowering period. The leaves are alternate and usually arranged spirally in a basal rosette. The sessile, simple, parallel- veined leaves are linear and thread-shaped. The leaf margin is smooth.

The inflorescence shaft is mostly hollow, sometimes solid in individual areas. The originally doldige inflorescence usually contains several flowers. The two membranous bracts protect the buds when they are in bud. The upright flower stalks are different (1 to 5 cm) long. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are threefold and often scented. The usually six, in some species eight (exception within the monocot ), almost identical bracts are fused tubular at their base to about a third of their length. The free areas of the bracts are often spread out in a star shape. The colors of the bracts range from white to yellow. There are two circles with three fertile stamens each, they are free from one another, but fused with the base of the bracts and do not protrude beyond them. The stamens are awl-shaped and broadened at their base. The three pistils have become a top permanent ovary grown with some (up to twelve) ovules per ovary chamber. The thread-like stylus ends in a small scar. There are septal nectaries. Pollination occurs by insects ( entomophilia ).

Three-lobed, membranous, loculicidal capsule fruits are formed which contain some seeds. The oil-containing, phytomelane black seeds are angular, flattened to flat.

Systematics and distribution

The genus Nothoscordum was established in 1843 by Karl Sigismund Kunth in Enumeratio Plantarum , 4, p. 457. Type species is Nothoscordum striatum (Jacq.) Kunth. , today a synonym of Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britton var. bivalve . A synonym for Nothoscordum Kunth is: Zoellnerallium Crosa .

The genus Nothoscordum belongs to the tribe Ipheieae in the subfamily Gilliesioideae within the family Alliaceae .

Some authors classify some species of the genus Nothoscordum as belonging to the Ipheion , for example Nothoscordum sellowianum or Nothoscordum dialystemon . In most cases, the umbellate inflorescences of the Nothoscordum species contain several flowers and the Ipheion species only one flower, but there are exceptions. Other genera in which some of the Nothoscordum species are classified are: Milla , Tristagma , Brodiaea , Beauverdia .

The genus Nothoscordum is originally widespread in the New World . Most species are found in South America , some are also found in North America. In many countries, some species are invasive plants .

Section of an inflorescence of Nothoscordum bivalve
Habit and inflorescences of Nothoscordum montevidense

The genus Nothoscordum contains 25 to 85 species:

Four South American Nothoscordum species were placed in the reactivated genus Beauverdia Herter in 2014 :

  • Nothoscordum dialystemon (Guagl.) Crosa → Beauverdia dyalistemon (Guagl.) Sassone & Guagl.
  • Nothoscordum hirtellum (Kunth) Herter → Beauverdia hirtella (Kunth) Herter subsp. hirtella : There are two subspecies:
  • Nothoscordum lorentzii (Herter) Ravenna → Beauverdia hirtella subsp. Lorentzii (Herter) Sassone & Guagl.
  • Beauverdia sellowiana (Kunth) Herter
  • Nothoscordum vittatum (Griseb.) Ravenna → Beauverdia vittata (Griseb.) Herter

use

In the genus Nothoscordum there are a few species that are ornamental plants for the garden.

Nothoscordum gracile onions are eaten raw or cooked; they serve as a substitute for garlic . However, the plants of Nothoscordum gracile do not smell of garlic or onions when injured; this species is rated as an aggressive invasive plant.

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Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nothoscordum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. ^ A b Nothoscordum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Nothoscordums - Data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved October 28, 2014
  4. ↑ Entries on Nothoscordum at Plants For A Future
  5. ↑ Invasive Plant.

Web links

Commons : Nothoscordum  - collection of images, videos and audio files