Superstructure deputation

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The Oberbaudeputation was the supreme building authority in Prussia from 1804 to 1850 , arising from the Oberbaudepartement founded in 1770 and continued as the Technical Building Deputation until 1880.

history

In 1770, the Prussian General Directory established the Upper Building Department as the central building authority for Prussia. There were eight construction councilors as technical experts under two administrative specialists as directors. The first director was the Secret Finance Councilor Gottfried Conrad Wilhelm Struve (around 1726–1791), Vice Director of the Secret Finance, War and Domain Councilor Johann Chistian Voss († 1778) and after him Johann Peter Morgenländer (* around 1738). Members of the senior building councilors included the war and domain councilors Simon Leonhard von Haerlem and August Gotthilf Naumann , the senior building director Johann Boumann , the senior consistorial advisor Johann Jesaias Silberschlag , the miner Carl Abraham Gerhard , the trainee Friedrich Holsche , the building inspector Christian Timotheus Seidel and the professor Johann Heinrich Lambert as "membrum honorarium". The senior building department should promote talented building eleven and train them as conductors, nominate particularly gifted students as trainee teachers and grant educational trips abroad and appoint building councils and building directors in the provinces. In addition to construction in the true sense of the word (building construction, road construction, hydraulic engineering), the competencies also included certain aspects of mining and metallurgy, mechanical engineering and other technical innovations. During the administrative reform of Friedrich Wilhelm II immediately after his accession to government in 1786, the upper building department was subordinated to the budget minister and chief hunter Count von Arnim , thus strengthening the connection to the forestry sector. In 1801 the Bauakademie , founded in 1799, was incorporated as a department of the Oberbaudepartement.

In addition to the Oberbaudepartement, which was superordinate to the provincial building authorities during the administrative reform of 1786 and was responsible for so-called "agriculture", Friedrich Wilhelm II set up the Oberhofbauamt. The newly appointed ministers Johann Christoph von Woellner and Michael Philipp Boumann were appointed directors of the new authority . The Oberhofbauamt included four Oberhof construction councils, four construction inspectors, a road construction inspector and several conductors and students. All immediate buildings fell within the competence of the office . These included the royal palaces, public and military buildings, but also other common buildings such as theaters, opera houses or sacred buildings as well as private houses that were built in Berlin and Potsdam for royal accounts. Carl Gotthard Langhans was appointed director in 1788 .

In 1804 the Oberbaudepartement was transformed into the Technical Oberbaudeputation. The Oberhofbauamt, which still existed at the same time, was dissolved during the reorganization of the Prussian state apparatus in the years 1808 to 1810 in connection with the Stein-Hardenberg reforms , but the technical superstructure deputation remained in place. This, consisting of at least five members, was responsible as an advisory body on construction matters and as an auditing authority for site managers, builders and surveyors, but the formal decision-making power lay with specialist ministers. Karl Friedrich Schinkel , who was appointed to the Oberbaudeputation in 1810, held a special position. He was responsible for aesthetic issues for public buildings and monuments across all disciplines. As of 1821, the Oberbaudeputation had seven members, of which the oldest building council was in charge. After the establishment of the Ministry of Trade and Industry in 1848, the building management was also reorganized. After the technical superstructure deputation was dissolved in December 1849, the tasks performed by it were transferred to the newly formed department for construction in the Ministry of Trade and Industry. The technical building deputation, which began its work in March 1850, replaced the technical superstructure deputation. Its task was to represent the construction industry and to act as an advisory body for state construction companies. In 1880 the technical building deputation was dissolved. The Academy of Civil Engineering took its place .

Offices

  • From 1770 to 1776 the senior building department was housed in the former living quarters of bank director Georg Detlef Friedrich Koes on the upper floor of the royal bank on Jägerstrasse .
  • From 1796 to 1802 part of Wegely's island building on the Fischerbrücke was used by the Upper Building Department.
  • From 1802 to 1806 the building department was together with the building academy in the Neue Münze on Werderschen Markt.
  • From 1806 to 1836, the residential building at Zimmerstrasse and the corner of Charlottenstrasse, the so-called Thielsche or Wintzingerodische Haus, was the seat of the Oberbaudeputation and the Bauakademie.
  • In 1836 the Oberbaudeputation and the Bauakademie moved into the new building on the site of the former Alte Packhofs .

Members (construction councils and assessors)

In the upper building department

In the Oberbaudeputation

Directors

  • 1770–1790 Gottfried Conrad Wilhelm Struve
  • 1770–1778 Johann Chistian Voss
  • 1778–1809 Johann Peter Morgenländer
  • 1794–1803 Michael Philipp Daniel Boumann
  • 1803–1810 Heinrich August Riedel (senior)
  • 1810–1830 Johann Albert Eytelwein
  • 1830–1841 Karl Friedrich Schinkel
  • 1841–1842 August Adolph Günther
  • 1842–1849 Johann Carl Ludwig Schmid
  • 1849–1851 Johann Friedrich August Severin

literature

  • Christiane Brandt-Salloum, Ralph Jaeckel, Constanze Krause, Oliver Sander, Reinhart Fahrt, Michaela Utpatel and Stephan Waldhoff: Inventory on the history of the Prussian building administration 1723-1848 . Editor: Reinhart Route. 2 volumes (publications from the archives of Prussian cultural property; work reports, No. 7). Self-published by the Secret State Archives of Prussian Cultural Heritage, Berlin 2005. PDF , accessed on February 7, 2020
  • Hans-Dieter Nägelke: In addition to Schinkel: the "Construction of the Prussian State" 1830-1848 . Universitätsverlag of the TU Berlin, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-7983-2252-3 , p. 3 ff .
  • Ernst Badstübner and Dirk Schumann (eds.): Brick technologies in the Middle Ages and modern times . 1st edition. Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-27-4 , p. 308 f .
  • Upper building department (existing). Secret State Archive of Prussian Cultural Heritage, II. HA GD, Dept. 30, I. In: German Digital Library. April 18, 2018, accessed February 8, 2020 .