Ofsenița
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Ofsenița Ofsenitz, Ofsenity, Hopsenitz Karátsonyifalva, Ofszenica |
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| Basic data | |||||
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| State : |
 Romania
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| Historical region : | Banat | ||||
| Circle : | Timiș | ||||
| Municipality : | Banloc | ||||
| Coordinates : | 45 ° 25 ' N , 21 ° 9' E | ||||
| Time zone : | EET ( UTC +2) | ||||
| Residents : | 373 (2002) | ||||
| Postal code : | 307013 | ||||
| Telephone code : | (+40) 02 56 | ||||
| License plate : | TM | ||||
| Structure and administration (as of 2012) | |||||
| Community type : | Village | ||||
| Mayor : | Toța Cornel ( PSD ) | ||||
Ofsenița ( German Ofsenitz , Ofsenity , popularly: Hopsenitz , Hungarian Karátsonyifalva, Ofszenica ) is a village in Timiș County , Banat , Romania . Ofsenița belongs to the municipality of Banloc .
Geographical location
Ofsenița is located in the south of Timiș County, 50 kilometers from the district capital Timișoara , 3 kilometers from the Banloc municipality and 6 kilometers from the city of Deta .
Neighboring places
| Dolaț | Ghilad | Voiteg |
| Giera |
.svg)
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Opatița |
| Livezile | Banloc | Deta |
history
Obseniza was first mentioned in the records of Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli from 1690-1700 . At that time the place had 30 houses and was inhabited by Serbs. The village had a Serbian Orthodox church and belonged to the Ciacova district. At the end of the 18th century, the Croat Baron Draskovich was the landlord of Ofsenița. In the period 1800–1804, Germans from the surrounding villages were settled in Ofsenitz.
At the beginning of the 19th century the village became the property of the Karátsonyi family . The village was named Karátsonyifalva after the Karátsonyi family . In 1882 the landlords had the Roman Catholic Church built. This collapsed in 1991 as a result of an earthquake. In its place, a Romanian Orthodox Church was built in 2008. The Karátsonyis also owned the fort in Banloc, where they created a park with rare trees and established the Egyptian Museum. The castle was used by the king's mother of the last Romanian king Michael I as a summer residence, where she attended the services of the Ofsenitz church. A monument was erected in front of the church in honor of the heroes of the First World War. Later, the names of the fallen soldiers from World War II and those who died in Russia were also engraved on the memorial.
The main occupation of the inhabitants of Ofsenitz was agriculture and livestock . The craft and trade was just as common. In Ofsenitz there was a grocery store, an innkeeper, a dance hall, a bowling alley, a reading club, a church club, a choir club and a machine company. In the small school, classes 1–4 took place and in the large school classes 5–8 took place.
As a result of the Waffen-SS Agreement of May 12, 1943 between the Antonescu government and Hitler's Germany , all men of German origin who were conscripted into the German army. Before the end of the war, in January 1945, all ethnic German women between the ages of 18 and 30 and men between the ages of 16 and 45 were deported to the Soviet Union for reconstruction work .
The Land Reform Act of March 23, 1945 , which provided for the expropriation of German farmers in Romania, deprived the rural population of their livelihoods. The expropriated land was distributed to smallholders, farm workers and colonists from other parts of the country. The collectivization of agriculture was initiated in the early 1950s . Through the nationalization law of June 11, 1948 , which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and commercial enterprises, banks and insurance companies, the expropriation of all economic enterprises took place regardless of ethnicity.
Since the population along the Romanian-Yugoslav border was classified as a security risk by the Romanian government after the rift between Stalin and Tito and his exclusion from the Cominform alliance, "politically unreliable elements" were deported to the Bărăgan on June 18, 1951 . Steppe regardless of ethnicity. At the same time, the Romanian leadership aimed to break the resistance against the impending collectivization of agriculture. When the Bărăgan abductees returned home in 1956, the houses and farms expropriated in 1945 were returned to them. However, the field ownership was collectivized.
Cousin Matz von Hopsenitz
The Banat actor Hans Kehrer was hidden in a vineyard near the village while fleeing from the Hopsenitzers and provided with food. Later, as an actor at the German State Theater Timisoara , he adopted the stage name "Vetter Matz von Hopsenitz" for his dialect pieces. Under this name he appeared on the tours through the Banat but also in the broadcast in German on Romanian television.
Demographics
| census | Ethnicity | |||||||
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| year | Residents | Romanians | Hungary | German | Other | |||
| 1880 | 1005 | 18th | 8th | 843 | 136 | |||
| 1910 | 1026 | 29 | 181 | 728 | 88 | |||
| 1930 | 980 | 57 | 134 | 704 | 85 | |||
| 1977 | 567 | 191 | 29 | 291 | 56 | |||
| 2002 | 373 | 299 | 12 | 17th | 45 | |||
See also
literature
- Leo Hoffmann: Brief History of the Banat Germans , Timișoara 1925.
- Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber and Walter Wolf : The Banat and the Banat Swabians. Volume 5. Cities and Villages , Media Group Universal Grafische Betriebe München GmbH, Munich, 2011, 670 pages, ISBN 3-922979-63-7 .
Web links
- banater-aktualitaet.de , Anton Zollner: Through former German villages of the Banat, Hopsenitz
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber , Walter Wolf : Das Banat und die Banater Schwaben , Volume 5: Cities and Villages, Munich 2011
- ↑ kia.hu , (PDF; 982 kB) E. Varga: Statistics of the number of inhabitants by ethnic group in the Timiș district according to censuses from 1880 - 2002