Oneida (Tennessee)
| Oneida | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 US-27 (Alberta Street) in Oneida |
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| Location in Tennessee | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| Foundation : | 1880 | ||
| State : | United States | ||
| State : | Tennessee | ||
| County : | Scott County | ||
| Coordinates : | 36 ° 30 ′ N , 84 ° 31 ′ W | ||
| Time zone : | Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 ) | ||
| Residents : | 3,706 (as of 2018) | ||
| Population density : | 153.5 inhabitants per km 2 | ||
| Area : | 24.54 km 2 (about 9 mi 2 ) of which 24.15 km 2 (about 9 mi 2 ) is land |
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| Height : | 440 m | ||
| Postal code : | 37841 | ||
| Area code : | +1 423 | ||
| FIPS : | 47-55860 | ||
| GNIS ID : | 1329062 | ||
| Website : | www.townofoneida.com | ||
Oneida is a small town (Town) and municipality ( incorporated place ) in Scott County in the US state of Tennessee in the United States of America .
geography
The place is located on the Cumberland Plateau, which is formed from sedimentary rock and is heavily furrowed in places . The upper soil layer is usually thin. Below is sandstone , partly also limestone and hard coal .
Large parts of the undeveloped land areas are loosely forested. In the municipality of Oneida, however, agriculture is also practiced, especially in the southwest of the village.
Oneida is near the border between Tennessee and Kentucky about 100 km northwest of Knoxville . Neighboring towns are Winfield in the northeast and Helenwood and Huntsville in the south. To the west, Jamestown, about 50 km away, is the next larger town. The Big South Fork - National Recreation Area lies between Oneida and Jamestown .
history
| Population development | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Residents | ± in% | |
| 1920 | 943 | - | |
| 1930 | 1382 | 46.6% | |
| 1940 | 1252 | -9.4% | |
| 1950 | 1304 | 4.2% | |
| 1960 | 2480 | 90.2% | |
| 1970 | 2602 | 4.9% | |
| 1980 | 3494 | 34.3% | |
| 1990 | 3502 | 0.2% | |
| 2000 | 3615 | 3.2% | |
| 2010 | 3752 | 3.8% | |
| 2018 estimate | 3706 | -1.2% | |
The Cumberland Plateau in northern Tennessee was settled by Paleo-Indians about 12,000 years ago , as evidenced by finds in the Big South Fork Conservation Area west of Oneida. With the transition from the Woodland period to the Mississippi culture , the Indians gradually moved into river valleys more suitable for agriculture and only returned to the Cumberland Plateau for seasonal hunting. When the first European settlers came to the region in the 18th century, there were only very isolated Indian settlements on the plateau.
At the end of the 1860s, Cincinnati was keen to get a rail link to the south, modeled on the city of Louisville, which was economically competing with it . The Cincinnati Southern Railway , founded by the city on June 26, 1869, therefore built a railway line to Chattanooga from 1877 to 1880 , which ran through the area of what is now the municipality of Oneida. Several dozen kilometers away from existing settlements, a station for train crossings , called Oneida , was built there. The origin of the name is not clearly traceable; however, it is usually assumed that it is named after the city of Oneida in the state of New York , where several employees of the railway company came from.
In the following years, a settlement was built around the station, which was an unincorporated area in Scott County. In 1905 the residents applied to the state for the first time to formally establish a town . The application was initially granted, but in 1907 the state withdrew it. Further applications in 1909 and 1913 were rejected before a fourth application was finally granted on March 22, 1917.
In 1904, the Tennessee Railroad was founded to transport timber, which built a railway line from Oneida south to Devonia and Fork Mountain . This branch line, which is only used for freight traffic, has been out of service since 2004. In 1913 the Tennessee Coal & Lumber Company , a mining and forestry company, founded the Oneida and Western Railroad (O&W) with the aim of building and operating a railroad from Oneida to Albany . In 1921 the railroad reached the parish of Jamestown; the extension to Albany did not take place. From the 1930s onwards, the railway company was in financial difficulties and finally ceased operations on March 31, 1954.
In the first decades of the 20th century, the place developed into a local trading center, especially for coal mining and the timber industry in the surrounding area. A town center was built north of the station. In 1921 the place had about 20 stores, founded in 1904 as Scott County Bank , renamed First National Bank of Oneida in 1919 , the First Trust & Savings Bank and a school with about 500 students. In the following decades the place developed mainly northwards. Most of the shops are now grouped about 1.5 km north of the former center.
Infrastructure
traffic
US Highway 27 runs north-south through the local area, Tennessee State Route 297 to the west and Tennessee State Route 456 to the southeast.
The railway line, which also runs north-south through the municipality, is still owned by the Cincinnati Southern Railway and is now operated by the Norfolk Southern Railway in freight traffic. The branch line of the Tennessee Railroad to the southeast is out of service.
education
The school district Oneida Independent School District for the local elementary school and a high school with middle school covers a larger area than defined by the community boundaries. The two school buildings are in the center of Oneida. To the west of the village is also a branch of the Tennessee College of Applied Technology from Huntsville.
Sons and daughters of the place
- Mike Duncan (* 1951), Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 2007 to 2009
Web links
- Town Oneida website. (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Oneida town, Tennessee. In: 2010 Census. United States Census Bureau , 2010, accessed June 5, 2020 .
- ^ A b Geology and History of the Cumberland Plateau. (PDF; 261 KB) National Park Service , 2018, accessed June 5, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e Oneida, Tennessee: 100 Years Strong. Town of Oneida, Tennessee, March 23, 2017, accessed June 5, 2020 (based on an article in the local newspaper Oneida Independent Herald).
- ^ Edward A. Lewis: American Shortline Railway Guide (5th Edition) . Kalmbach Publishing, Co., 1996, ISBN 978-0-89024-290-2 , pp. 301 (English).