OpenWrt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
OpenWrt
Openwrt Logo.svg
OpenWrt screenshot 18.06.1.svg
OpenWrt 06/18 login screen
developer OpenWrt developer
License (s) GPL and other licenses
Current  version 07/19/3 of May 20, 2020
(104 days ago)
Kernel monolithic ( Linux )
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ OpenWrt
Architecture (s) all imaginable
timeline First version
White Russian (0.9)
Kamikaze (7.06, 8.09)
Backfire (10.03)
Attitude Adjustment (12.09)
Barrier Breaker (14.07)
Chaos Calmer (15.05)
Languages) multilingual (26 languages)
openwrt.org

OpenWrt is a Linux distribution for embedded systems as CPE - routers , smartphones (. Eg Neo FreeRunner) or pocket computer (eg Ben NanoNote.). OpenWrt offers a fully writable file system and includes the package manager opkg . This is particularly unique for use in CPE and WLAN routers. The package sources contained more than 15,000 software packages in August 2020. With these, the router can be comprehensively configured and extended by many functions that are not supported by the firmware of the device manufacturer. OpenWrt Buildroot , the tool for creating your own images, is a heavily modified buildroot .

Basic functionality

The base developer firmware offered for download in its original condition without modifications ( " Vanilla "), brings once installed all the basic functions that are necessary for the operation of the network: network support, Wi-Fi - Access Point , the minimum DNS server dnsmasq as well as the possibility of establishing a PPP connection. The package management provided makes it very easy to retrofit functions such as VPNs with OpenVPN or VoIP with Asterisk , and more exotic tasks such as audio players are also implemented. With the tools provided by the developers, you can create and compile programs for the OpenWrt environment yourself . In contrast to most of the firmware versions supplied by the manufacturers, OpenWrt can be fully configured by the user himself, so IPv6 support can also be set up in the network. All tools that exist in the Linux world to avoid network overload are available.

service

The LuCI web interface with package management

On devices without a screen or keyboard, OpenWrt is operated via the command line from a computer connected in the network, via telnet or SSH . Settings are made in the Unified Configuration Interface (UCI). The LuCI graphical web interface is also available for easier administration . All the usual settings can be made via a web browser - for example port forwarding and DDNS settings. Statistics can also be displayed. The X Window System was ported especially for devices with screens .

LuCI and uHTTPd

LuCI is a sister project for an expandable web interface developed in the Freifunk environment - under the so-called Apache license .

Here, uHTTPd is primarily used as a web server. uHTTPd is single-threaded, supports in-process execution of Lua scripts and secure access via TSL / SSL.

The interface is written in the Lua language and has a very modular structure. LuCI can be easily set up ( installed ) with the package manager opkg and, if necessary, removed ( uninstalled ). It is available in 26 languages ​​and supports the expansion of additional languages with i18n . (As of October 2013)

Another interface was available for the release “White Russian” 0.9: X-Wrt . According to the main developer Jeremy Collake, the development was stopped in November 2012 during the adaptation to "Kamikaze".

history

history

version Code name publication Revision number Comments / innovations
Older version; no longer supported: - Stable release 2004 First version
Older version; no longer supported: RC 5 White Russian March 26, 2006 r3494
Older version; no longer supported: RC 6 November 7, 2006 r5460
Older version; no longer supported: 0.9 February 3, 2007 r6268
Older version; no longer supported: 7.06 kamikaze June 5, 2007 r7428 Redevelopment of the configuration structure and other areas
Older version; no longer supported: 7.07 July 26, 2007 advanced hardware support
Older version; no longer supported: 7.09 September 30, 2007 r8679 Bug fixes for 7/07
Older version; no longer supported: 8.09 February 19, 2009 r14547 Package updates, bug fixes, new web interface, additional hardware support
Older version; no longer supported: 8.09.2 January 10, 2010 r18961
Older version; no longer supported: 10.03 Backfire April 7, 2010 r20742 Linux kernel 2.6.32 LTS, additional hardware support, bug fixes. New uClibc version (0.9.30).
Older version; no longer supported: 10.03.1 December 21, 2011 r29594 Linux kernel 2.6.32 LTS, additional hardware support, bug fixes
Older version; no longer supported: 12.09 Attitude adjustment April 25, 2013 r36088 Linux kernel 3.3 with CoDel see Network congestion avoidance , additional hardware support, various improvements to the firewall functionality and newer WLAN drivers, bug fixes. New uClibc version (0.9.33.2). The Broadcom target (brcm-2.4) is no longer supported .
Older version; no longer supported: 14.07 Barrier breaker 2nd October 2014 r42625 Linux kernel 3.10, improved and greatly expanded IPv6 support, procd as a new init, hotplug and event system
Older version; no longer supported: May 15 Chaos Calmer September 11, 2015 r46767 Linux kernel 3.18, new security features e.g. B. support of jails , improved network support z. As new or improved support for many 3G / 4G - modems (. MBIM example, QMI, NCM, ...), Smart Queue Management ( SQM ), devices and device drivers for. B. new subtarget for Mediatek 11ac SoC ( mt7621 ), new target for Broadcom ARM BCM47xx / 53xx chips ( bcm53xx ), Raspberry Pi 2 support ( brcm2708 ), support of the BCM6318 and the BCM63268 family ( brcm63xx ).
Older version; no longer supported: 05/15/1 March 16, 2016 r48532 Linux kernel 3.18.23, additional hardware support, bug fixes.
Older version; no longer supported: 18.06.0 - July 30, 2018 r7188 Linux kernel 4.9.111 or 4.14.52 (depending on architecture), Specter and Meltdown patches for x86 and other bug fixes
Older version; no longer supported: 06/18/1 - 18th August 2018 r7258 Linux kernel 4.9.120 / 4.14.63, bug fixes
Older version; no longer supported: 06/18/2 - January 31, 2019 r7676 Linux kernel 4.9.152 / 4.14.95, security updates
Older version; no longer supported: 06/18/4 - 1st July 2019 r7808 Linux kernel 4.9.184 / 4.14.131, security updates
Older version; no longer supported: 18.06.5 - November 11, 2019 r7897 Linux kernel 4.9.198 / 4.14.151, security updates
Older version; still supported: 06/18/6 - January 6, 2020 r7957 Linux kernel 4.9.208 / 4.14.162, security updates
Current version: 07/19.0 - January 6, 2020 r10860 Linux kernel 4.14.162 (uniform for all architectures), start of migration of the target ar71xx to target ath79 , support of WPA3 .
Legend:
Older version; no longer supported
Older version; still supported
Current version
Current preliminary version
Future version

Emergence

In June 2003, Andrew Miklas and other programmers discovered that Linksys was using the source code of the Linux kernel and other software published under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) in their WRT54G product series , but without making their modified source code available to the general public as required by the GPL. After several months of public appeal to Linksys, the company finally gave in and in October 2003 published almost the entire modified source code of the WRT54G Linux kernel, except for the driver for the Broadcom WLAN chipset built into this router series . In order to increase the pressure on Linksys and other router manufacturers, Harald Welte , the main developer of the Linux network module Netfilter / iptables , founded the initiative gpl-violations.org . This made it possible to modify the software published by Linksys and later by other companies and thus adapt it to the needs of the users.

The first "stable release"

In January 2004 the Linux distribution OpenWrt was finally founded. In contrast to many other firmware projects that were created at the time, OpenWrt was therefore able to build on the original source code and thus had to do less reverse engineering. Soon afterwards the first finished version with the simple name "stable release" was published, which in turn was used by network projects such as Freifunk and Sip @ Home as the basis for their firmware and is partly still in use today. The disadvantage of the “stable release”, however, was that the development was tied to versions of Linux programs that were outdated at the time and that proprietary configuration programs for the original Linksys firmware were still required in some cases.

"White Russian" versions

At the beginning of 2005 - also thanks to the impetus of new employees - work began on a new OpenWrt development branch, which was published on June 25, 2005 after a few months of internal development in a first experimental version named after the cocktail White Russian "White Russian RC1" . White Russian used a new build system derived from Buildroot2 of the uClibc project , which, however, now has little in common with it. Many of the proprietary programs of the original firmware have been replaced by newly written free alternatives , such as mtd, a program to write new firmware to the flash memory , the WLAN chip configuration programs wlcompat and wificonf and tools to set up the VLAN function of the configure internal switches via the proc file system . OpenWrt's approach of using the official Linux kernel sources and only providing modular patches and drivers for the network devices and chips made it possible to operate other devices in addition to the WRT54G series under OpenWrt.

In March 2006, the OpenWrt project confronted the Californian software company Sveasoft with the accusation that, contrary to the provisions of the GPL, the software company Sveasoft had not made its OpenWrt-derived firmware freely accessible in the source code, and withdrew it according to the relevant regulations the GPL the right to continue to distribute software derived from OpenWrt until it complies with the request to release its modified source code. Sveasoft initially claimed that the versions in question were only pre-release versions for a small group of beta testers , and later argued that OpenWrt had improperly copied parts of Sveasoft's modifications into the OpenWrt project. The GPL does not contain any pre-release exemption, however, and as soon as works derived from third parties are distributed outside of the company, those modifications must either be released under the same freedom of movement or the distribution of this software must cease with immediate effect. Sveasoft then made the offer to send every Sveasoft customer the source text of the Sveasoft firmware used by this customer upon their explicit request. However, the conflict could not be finally resolved.

The last published version of the White Russian branch was "White Russian 0.9" on January 30, 2007, at a time when development on the successor line "Kamikaze" was already in full swing. A number of new functions in this successor version are also made available as a backport (“retransmission”) for “White Russian” so that users of these older versions can also use them.

"Kamikaze" versions

During the development of White Russian one became increasingly dissatisfied with some parts of this development line, in particular the configuration of the router via individual variables in an extra NVRAM met with criticism, which is why a new development branch with the code name "Kamikaze" was created for the targeted version 1.0 of OpenWrt , named after an alcoholic cocktail made from vodka, Cointreau and lemon juice , began with fundamental changes. The configuration in Kamikaze runs, as is usual with other Linux distributions, via simple text files in the / etc folder . Other areas of the system have also been extensively revised or newly developed.

The renewed second development line before the release of a version 1.0, which traditionally does not represent the first published version in the Unix area , but the first version with the originally intended scope of functions, led to a dispute within the OpenWrt project about the progress of the project, so that the software developer Waldemar Brodkorb decided to spin off and on May 31, 2006 called for the establishment of the currently no longer developed FreeWRT project . The reasons for his split were, in his opinion, a badly designed website of the OpenWrt project that was unhelpful with outdated and scattered documentation, irregular releases of new OpenWrt versions, a lack of internal project communication and his eventual exclusion from OpenWrt.

On June 5, 2007, the first stable version of the Kamikaze series was finally released with the version number 7.06. The version number was based on the scheme introduced by the Linux distribution Ubuntu , instead of counting continuously, from the last digit of the release year 2007 and the release month June (06). In addition to the new configuration scheme via text files, Kamikaze 7.06 includes a newly written build system for creating the distribution and individual new packages and now supports a total of 8 different hardware platforms . In addition, it made the change to the Linux kernel version 2.6 for all platforms except for those with the Broadcom WLAN chipset, which for reasons of stability still depends on the old proprietary Broadcom drivers for the Linux kernel version 2.4.

Version 7.07 was released a month later. Extensive revisions are reflected in better WLAN drivers, shorter start-up times and better stability. The number of supported architectures also increased from eight to ten. Version 7.09 fixed some bugs two months later.

On November 4th, 2008 the first "Release Candidate" version 8.09 appeared. Among other things, it contains a new web interface called LuCI.

"Backfire" versions

OpenWrt- Backfire is named after an alcoholic cocktail made from coffee liqueur, Irish cream, and vodka. On March 3, 2010, the first beta version of the OpenWrt "Backfire" version was published. General improvements and the support of more embedded devices , routers and smartphones is the goal for the entire line. The final "Backfire" release 10.03 has been available since April 6, 2010. Since December 2011 the stable and improved version Backfire 10.03.1 is the current version.

"Attitude Adjustment 12.09"

On April 25, 2013 the new version 12.09  Attitude Adjustment was released. The outdated porting with Broadcom 47xx boards based on the Linux kernel 2.4 Broadcom target (brcm-2.4) is no longer supported . Devices with only 16 MB RAM are no longer suitable for the new OpenWrt version. For devices of the chipset family Broadcom bcm47xx it is recommended to use OpenWrt-'Backfire 'with brcm-2.4.

"Barrier Breaker 07/14"

Version 14.07 Barrier Breaker was released in September 2014, Linux kernel is 3.10

"Chaos Calmer 15.05"

Version 15.05 Chaos Calmer was released in September 2015, Linux kernel is 3.18

"Reboot 17.01" (LEDE)

During the spin-off of the LEDE project, version 17.01.0 was released on February 22, 2017, the first version on the Linux kernel 4.4. It was followed shortly after by another minor release, which is actively maintained by the reunited OpenWrt project in the form of security updates.

These LEDE releases are used in particular in the Freifunk communities and the Gluon framework that is frequently used for this .

Version history of the LEDE releases

version publication Revision number Comments / innovations
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.0 22nd February 2017 r3205 First release version
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.1 19th April 2017 r3316 Kernel 4.4.61, bug fixes and improvements
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.2 June 12, 2017 r3435 Kernel 4.4.71, security updates
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.3 3rd October 2017 r3534 Kernel 4.4.89, security updates, images as of October 4th, 2017
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.4 18th October 2017 r3560 Kernel 4.4.92, security updates ( KRACK , if addressable on the server side)
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.5 17th July 2018 r3919 Kernel 4.4.140, security updates
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.6 3rd September 2018 r3979 Kernel 4.4.153, security updates
Older version; no longer supported: 17.01.7 June 21, 2019 r4030 Kernel 4.4.182, security updates

OpenWrt 06/18

Version 18.06, which appeared at the end of July 2018, is the first version of OpenWrt after reunification with the LEDE project. The kernel version is either 4.9 or 4.14 depending on the architecture .

OpenWrt spin-off LEDE Project

LEDE Project
LEDE Logo.svg
LEDE-Screenshot.svg
Login banner
developer LEDE Project
License (s) GPL and other licenses
First publ. May 2016
Current  version 1/17/7 (2019-06-21)
Kernel monolithic ( Linux )
ancestry GNU / Linux
↳ OpenWrt
↳ LEDE
Architecture (s) 50 platforms of the following instruction sets : AVR32 , ARM , CRIS , m68k , MIPS , PowerPC , SPARC , SuperH , Ubicom32, x86 , AMD64
compatibility OpenWrt
Languages) 22 languages
https://www.lede-project.org/

Linux Embedded Development Environment ( LEDE ) is a fork of the OpenWrt project. It emerged in mid-2016 when most of the active core developers left the OpenWrt project and founded the spin-off project. It successfully produced the widely used release 17.01 and was merged with the original project again at the beginning of 2018.

Spin-off from LEDE

A group of OpenWrt developers split off in May 2016 and continued their work under the new LEDE project. The reason they cited was the ever smaller group of core developers, the lack of efforts to attract additional developers and the lack of transparency. The LEDE team aimed primarily at a reliable release cycle and transparent decision-making processes.

The LEDE Project is based on a code fork of the OpenWrt version 15.05 and has therefore supported the same hardware basis from the start. Further development at OpenWrt largely came to a standstill due to the dwindling development of developers.

LEDE releases and use

In February 2017 the LEDE Project presented its first own release (LEDE version 17.01). Compared to OpenWrt 15.05, this implements some internal improvements and new security features in the code.

Purpose of LEDE

Similar to the OpenWrt project, LEDE is a complete replacement for the original firmware of a whole range of wireless routers and other devices. It particularly achieves openness, expandability and security. Router hardware can thus be used more flexibly and is sometimes the only way to operate old devices with the latest firmware that can also be checked and secured by a much larger group of developers. The latter is particularly important if there are security gaps in the software libraries or protocols used, as the original firmware from the hardware manufacturer is maintained less often and only for a few years.

Use of LEDE

LEDE is based on Linux and therefore benefits from the expandability. This in turn enables not only direct use but also use as a platform for other projects. The Gluon framework for creating the firmware of many Freifunk communities from version 2017.1 is based on LEDE 17.01. This gives old WiFi routers mesh functions that were only introduced years later by some device manufacturers in their devices.

Merging with OpenWrt

In May 2017, a discussion between the LEDE developers and the remaining OpenWrt developers started about a rapprochement and code reintegration of the two projects. At the end of June 2017, the positive result of the vote on reintegration was announced. In January 2018 it was announced that OpenWrt and LEDE would be merged. Developers from LEDE and OpenWrt will work together on the project according to the guidelines of LEDE.

Future releases will appear again under the name OpenWrt. As a result of the reunification, it was agreed to take over the basis of the joint collaboration of the LEDE project for OpenWrt. They put the same rights of all committers in the foreground and end the special status of core developers.

Other derivatives

In addition to the (former) LEDE spin-off, there are and have been other specially adapted versions and distributions based on OpenWrt.

active

  • LibreCMC is an OpenWRT spin-off without BLOBs and without proprietary components and is recommended by the Free Software Foundation .
  • Almost all firmware packages offered by individual Freifunk communities, such as the frequently used Gluon firmware, are based on OpenWrt.
  • Midge , a variant specially adapted to the ADM5120 -based router.
  • Gargoyle, which attaches particular importance to its graphical interface and sophisticated quota rules.
  • Another spin-off is Linino for the Arduino YÚN and Linino One .

Discontinued

Web links

Commons : OpenWrt  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : LEDE  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ↑ openwrt.org . May 20, 2020.
  2. ↑ github.com . May 16, 2020.
  3. ↑ Instruction Sets. In: https://openwrt.org/ . April 2, 2018, accessed June 11, 2018 .
  4. ↑ a b folder luci / modules / luci-base / po / in the source code on Github. Retrieved September 13, 2019 .
  5. ^ OpenWrt Project: Packages. Retrieved August 17, 2020 .
  6. ^ LuCI - page section in the Freifunk Wiki glossary ; Last modified on October 18, 2015, accessed January 14, 2016
  7. ↑ Apache License (English) - Edition 2.0 (January 2004) on GitHub ; accessed on January 14, 2016
  8. ↑ OpenWrt Project: uHTTPd webserver. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved June 15, 2020 .
  9. ↑ OpenWrt source tags. (No longer available online.) In: https://dev.openwrt.org/ . 2013, archived from the original on December 5, 2013 ; Retrieved October 17, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dev.openwrt.org
  10. ↑ OpenWrt Version History. Timeline. In: https://openwrt.org/ . March 4, 2018, accessed June 11, 2018 .
  11. ↑ a b LTS = long-term support (English for 'long term support')
  12. ↑ Milestone Backfire 10.03. In: https://dev.openwrt.org/ . April 7, 2010, accessed October 17, 2013 .
  13. ↑ a b Release Notes Attitude Adjustment 12.09. (No longer available online.) In: openwrt.org. April 25, 2013, archived from the original on August 8, 2013 ; Retrieved October 6, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / forum.openwrt.org
  14. ↑ OpenWrt BarrierBreaker July 14th. (No longer available online.) In: openwrt.org. October 2, 2014, archived from the original on October 6, 2014 ; Retrieved October 4, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / forum.openwrt.org
  15. ↑ Chaos Calmer May 15. In: openwrt.org. September 11, 2015, accessed September 11, 2015 .
  16. ↑ Chaos Calmer 05/15/1. (No longer available online.) In: openwrt.org. March 16, 2016, archived from the original on March 24, 2016 ; Retrieved March 19, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / forum.openwrt.org
  17. ↑ OpenWrt 18.06.0 - First Stable Release - July 2018. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved August 1, 2018 .
  18. ↑ OpenWrt 06/18/6 - Sixth Service Release - January 6, 2020. In: openwrt.org. Accessed January 21, 2020 (English).
  19. ↑ OpenWrt 19.07.0 - First Stable Release - 6 January 2020. In: openwrt.org. Accessed January 21, 2020 (English).
  20. ↑ The Open Source WRT54G Story (English) - Aaron Weiss on WIFI-Planet , November 8, 2005
  21. ↑ Andrew Miklas: Linksys WRT54G and the GPL . (English) - on Linux Kernel Mailing List , June 7, 2003; accessed on January 14, 2016
  22. ↑ Jonathan Corbet: LinkSys and binary modules . (English) - on LWN.net , October 14, 2003; accessed on January 14, 2016
  23. ↑ Linksys Releases GPLed Code for WRT54G - on Slashdot , July 6, 2003
  24. ↑ Companies viola ting the GPL of software under my copyright . (English) - on LaForge's home page (formerly on Harald Welte 's blog ), on November 3, 2003; accessed on January 14, 2016
  25. ↑ a b wiki.openwrt.org: OpenWrtDocs / About . (English) accessed on January 14, 2016
  26. ^ Pro-Linux : License dispute between OpenWrt and Sveasoft . March 15, 2006, accessed July 13, 2007.
  27. ↑ Jonathan Corbet: Sveasoft and the GPL . In: LWN.net . April 5, 2006, accessed July 13, 2007.
  28. ↑ Julius Stiebert: Fork of the free router firmware OpenWrt planned . In: Golem.de . May 31, 2006, accessed July 13, 2007.
  29. ↑ Openwrt.org: Kamikaze 7.06 release notes ( Memento of the original from July 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / downloads.openwrt.org archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . June 5, 2007, accessed July 16, 2007.
  30. ↑ Openwrt.org: Kamikaze 8.09 release notes . November 4, 2008, accessed November 8, 2008
  31. ↑ The degree of maturity of the published software in the GNU / Linux environment typically increases from the first alpha version to the beta version to the so-called release candidates to the finished version ( final release ).
  32. ↑ Openwrt.org: Backfire 10.03 release notes . (English) - Retrieved April 9, 2010
  33. ↑ Download index from /backfire/10.03.1/ (English)
  34. ↑ Backfire 10.03.1 final (English) - The OpenWrt Release Team would like to announce the final Backfire Interim Release 1 (10.03.1) ; accessed on January 14, 2016
  35. ↑ LEDE release builds. Retrieved August 8, 2017 .
  36. ↑ LEDE Project: LEDE 17.01.0 - First Stable Release - February 2017. In: lede-project.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  37. ↑ LEDE Project: LEDE 17.01.1 - First Service Release - April 2017. In: lede-project.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  38. ↑ LEDE Project: LEDE 17.01.2 - Second Service Release - June 2017. In: lede-project.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  39. ↑ LEDE Project: LEDE 17.01.3 - Third Service Release - October 2017. In: lede-project.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  40. ↑ LEDE Project: LEDE 17.01.4 - Fourth Service Release - October 2017. In: lede-project.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  41. ↑ OpenWrt / LEDE 17.01.5 - Fifth Service Release - July 2018. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved July 30, 2018 .
  42. ↑ OpenWrt / LEDE 17.01.6 - Sixth Service Release - September 2018. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved September 7, 2018 .
  43. ↑ OpenWrt / LEDE 17.01.7 - Seventh Service Release - June 2019. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved January 10, 2020 .
  44. ↑ LEDE v17.01.x final. LEDE, October 18, 2017, accessed on October 18, 2017 .
  45. ↑ Config.in trunk / target - OpenWrt . November 22, 2013. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 13, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / dev.openwrt.org
  46. ^ LuCI Translation Portal . September 1, 2004. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved on December 31, 2010.
  47. ↑ LEDE - Linux Embedded Development Environment (English) - accessed on October 8, 2016
  48. ↑ OpenWRT core developers start their own fork . 4th May 2016.
  49. ↑ Router firmware: LEDE as a more open OpenWRT alternative . Heise Online . 4th May 2016.
  50. ↑ a b Announcing the OpenWrt / LEDE merge. January 2, 2018, accessed March 24, 2018 .
  51. ↑ Router hackers reach for the fork: LEDE splits from OpenWRT. In: theregister.co.uk. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  52. ↑ OpenWrt Alternative LEDE releases version 17.01 - accessed on July 15, 2017
  53. ↑ OpenWrt alternative LEDE is to be reintegrated into the main project - accessed on July 15, 2017
  54. ↑ John Crispin: openwrt and lede - remerge proposal. (No longer available online.) In: [LEDE-DEV]. May 8, 2017, archived from the original on July 14, 2017 ; accessed on July 17, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lists.infradead.org
  55. ↑ [LEDE-DEV] open word and lede - remerge proposal. In: lists.infradead.org. Retrieved October 20, 2017 .
  56. ↑ Hauke ​​Mehrtens: LEDE call for vote on remerge proposal V3. (No longer available online.) In: [LEDE-DEV]. June 26, 2017, archived from the original on September 9, 2017 ; Retrieved on July 17, 2017 (English): "With that vote the remerge is officially approved by the LEDE developers and also by the OpenWrt hackers." Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lists.infradead.org
  57. ↑ LEDE Project Rules. Accessed February 5, 2018 .
  58. ^ OpenWrt Project: OpenWrt / LEDE Project Rules. Retrieved March 2, 2018 .
  59. ^ OpenWrt Project: OpenWrt / LEDE Project Rules. In: openwrt.org. Retrieved September 9, 2018 .
  60. ↑ Free GNU / Linux distributions - on GNU .org ; accessed on January 16, 2016
  61. ↑ Gluon-Manual (English) - accessed January 14, 2016
  62. ↑ Gluon firmware (English) - on GitHub ; accessed January 14, 2016
  63. ↑ midge.vlad.org.ua ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English) - Retrieved January 14, 2016 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / midge.vlad.org.ua
  64. ↑ gargoyle-router.com (English) - accessed January 14, 2016
  65. ↑ PacketProtector.org - accessed January 14, 2016