Organ of the Martinikerk (Sneek)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Organ of the Martinikerk (Sneek)
4784289 Sneek organ.jpg
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place Martinikerk (Sneek)
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1710-1711
Last renovation / restoration 1988 Bakker & Timmenga
epoch Baroque
Technical specifications
Number of registers 38
Number of rows of pipes 44
Number of manuals 3
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically
Projecting Rückpositiv

The organ of the Martinikerk von Sneek in the Dutch province of Friesland was built by Arp Schnitger in 1710/1711 . Today it has 38  registers , which are distributed over three manuals and pedal . After extensive renovations in 1898 and 1925, the case and four stops in full and six in parts from Schnitger, including the front pipes .

Building history

New building by Schnitger 1710–1711

The Martinikerk in Sneek had two organs at the end of the 15th century when it was given its late Gothic appearance. A small organ on the north wall was expanded in 1491/1492, while the large organ, along with the western part of the church, fell victim to a storm in 1681.

On June 4, 1709, the parish agreed with Schnitger to build a new organ for 3000  Caroligulden , which should include 27 registers on two manuals (Hauptwerk and Rückpositiv ) with extended large octaves. During the construction period, change requests were taken into account in the planning and the municipality ordered an additional breastwork . On June 14, 1710, Schnitger estimated a further 1000 Caroligulden for its construction. The parish was responsible for the construction of a new gallery with stairs and the wooden paneling of the bellows. The organ with 36 registers was completed in February 1711. During the acceptance test, Petrus Havingha and Johann Eitzen, the organists of the Martinikerk and the Aa-kerk in Groningen, checked the instrument, which was "geexamineerd en met lof geapprobeerd".

Crowning on the pedal tower

As with Schnitger's organ in Weener , the organ was set up facing west on a gallery between the nave and the choir . Rudolf Garrels and Johan Radeker built the organ. In the north German tradition, the pedal towers are in the gallery balustrade. After the destruction of the Schnitger organ at Der Aa-kerk in Groningen when the tower collapsed in 1710, the organ in Sneek was his largest new building in the Netherlands.

The Rückpositiv case in the gallery parapet is the reduced form of the Hauptwerk case with the classic five-part shape. The elevated polygonal central tower is flanked by two pointed towers. In between there are two-story flat fields that are divided by profiled transom strips . The breastwork is flanked on both sides by double flat panels with silent pipes that lead to the pedal towers.

Later work

A first repair by Christian Müller (Amsterdam) is attested for 1726, another by Lambertus van Dam (Leeuwarden) for 1779. In 1782 Albertus van Gruisen exchanged some registers. In 1788 Nicolaas Arnoldi Knock reproduced the complete disposition, which shows minor changes compared to Schnitger's contract.

Disposition 1788

I Rugpositief C – f 3
Praestant 04 ′
Gedekt 08th'
Quintads 08th'
Octaaf 02 ′
Quint 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
Sexquialter II0
Sharp IV
Dulciaan 08th'
Tremulant
II Manual C – f 3
Praestant 8th'
Holpyp 8th'
Octaaf 4 ′
Spitsfluit 4 ′
Nasat Quint 3 ′
Great Octaaf 2 ′
Gemshoorn 2 ′
Sexquialter II
Ruischpyp II
Mixture IV – VI0
Trumpet 8th'
Voxhumana 8th'
III Borstwerk C – f 3
Fluit dous 8th'
Holpyp 4 ′
Gedekt Quint 3 ′
Praestant 2 ′
Woudfluit 2 ′
Sifflet 1'
Mixture III – IV0
Kromhoorn 8th'
Pedal C – d 1
Praestant 16 ′
Octaaf 08th'
Octaaf 04 ′
Nagthoorn0 02 ′
Mixture VI
Bazuin 16 ′
Trumpet 08th'
Clairon 04 ′

More work

State in 1925

Willem van Gruisen, son of Albertus, replaced one register in 1832 and the five lowest, covered pedal pipes of the Praestant 16 ′ from C to E. Two more registers were subsequently exchanged.

From 1897 to 1898 a profound renovation was carried out by the company Lambertus van Dam & Zonen (Leeuwarden), which amounted to a new building. The old case, some stops and the manual windladen were taken over from the Schnitger organ . The Rückpositiv and the breastwork were shut down and instead a new upperwork was installed in the swell box above the bellows. Probably four registers found their place in this new work . Overall, around half of the old registers were lost. New keyboards with an expanded scope were installed. The organ now had 29 registers and two manuals.

In 1925, van Dam replaced some pedal registers and switched the pedal mechanism to pneumatic cone chests , including six older registers. From 1930 the company Bakker & Timmenga (Leeuwarden) was responsible for the organ and a register was replaced.

restoration

State in 2014

In 1943 Bakker & Timmenga (Leeuwarden) carried out a first restoration. In the course of this, a register was exchanged. A restoration has been in preparation since 1973 and was provisionally completed in 1988. Bakker & Timmenga returned the instrument to its condition from 1898, but restored the Rückpositiv. New wind chests and ten new registers were made for the Rückpositiv and pedal, without any historical disposition being reconstructed. The historic pipework has been restored. Bakker & Timmenga made further improvements to the intonation in 2011. The changes made in 1898 on the Schnitger registers Praestant 8 'and Octaaf 4' in the main work were reversed.

Disposition since 1988

I rugpositief C – g 3
Praestant 4 ′00 S / BT
Quintads 8th' vD
Roerfluit 8th' vD
Roerfluit 4 ′ vD
Nasart 3 ′ BT
Octaaf 2 ′ BT
Sexquialter II0 BT
Dulciaan 8th' BT
Tremulant
II Hoofdwerk C – g 3
Praestant 08th' S / vD
Bourdon 16 ′00 vG / vD
Holpijp 08th' S / vD
Violon 08th' vD
Octaaf 04 ′ S.
Fluit 04 ′ S.
Quint 03 ′ vG / vD
Octaaf 02 ′ S / vD
Mixture II-III0 S.
Cornet III D vD
Trumpet 08th' vD
III Bovenwerk (swellwork) C – g 3
Salicionaal 8th'00 vD
Viola di gamba 8th' vD
Quintads 8th' vD
Roerfluit 8th' vD
Salicet 4 ′ vD
Flûte Harmonique0 4 ′ vD
Quintfluit 3 ′ S / vD
Woudfluit 2 ′ S / vD
Carillon II D. S / vD
Hobo 8th' S.
Vox Humana 8th' vD
Tremulant
Pedal C – d 1
Praestant0 16 ′00 S / BT
Subbas 16 ′ vD / BT
Octaaf 08th' BT
Gedekt 08th' vD
Octaaf 04 ′ BT
Bazuin 16 ′ BT
Trumpet 08th' BT
Claron 04 ′ BT
  • Coupling : I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P
Remarks
S = Schnitger (1711)
vG = Albertus van Gruisen (1832)
vD = Lambertus van Dam (1898)
BT = Bakker & Timmenga (1988)

Technical specifications

  • 38 registers, 44 rows of pipes
  • Wind supply :
    • 1 magazine bellows (van Dam)
    • Wind pressure: 81 mm water column
  • Windchests : Hoofdwerk (Schnitger), Bovenwerk (van Dam), Rugpositief and Pedaal (reconstructed)
  • Action:
    • Keyboards (van Dam)
    • Tone action: mechanical
    • Stop action: mechanical
  • Mood :

literature

Web links

Commons : Organ of the Martinikerk  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 244.
  2. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2009, p. 193.
  3. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2009, p. 110.
  4. ^ Nicolaas Arnoldi Knock: Dispositien the most remarkable Kerk organs . Petrus Doekema, Groningen 1788, p. 6 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  5. ↑ Sneek organ in the Organ Atlas Ostwestfalen-Lippe (page by H.-W. Coordes), accessed on March 2, 2018.
  6. ↑ Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2009, p. 194.
  7. ↑ Sneek organ on the Arp Schnitger Orgeln website, accessed on March 2, 2018.

Coordinates: 53 ° 1 ′ 55 ″  N , 5 ° 39 ′ 30 ″  E