Organ of St. Jacobi Church (Lüdingworth)

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Organ of St. Jacobi Church (Lüdingworth)
St. Jacobi (Lüdingworth) 002.jpg
General
alternative name Schnitger organ
place St. Jacobi Church (Lüdingworth)
Organ builder Arp Schnitger
Construction year 1682-1683
Last renovation / restoration 1981–1982 Jürgen Ahrend
epoch Baroque
Organ landscape between Elbe and Weser
Technical specifications
Number of registers 35
Number of rows of pipes 56
Number of manuals 3
Tone tract Mechanically
Register action Mechanically

The organ of St. Jacobi Church in Lüdingworth , a current district of Cuxhaven ( Lower Saxony ), was built by Arp Schnitger in 1682–1683 and the basic structure goes back to an organ by Antonius Wilde from 1598–1599. With 35 registers on three manuals and pedal , the organ has the largest inventory of registers of the Renaissance in Germany, which gives it an outstanding significance.

Building history

Predecessor organ

Look into the breast; at the very front the brass shelf

The St. Jacobi Church (" Bauerndom ") has a rich interior, in which the organ plays no small part. The first references to an organ can be found in the invoices from 1562/1563, which show several payments to "Meester Mattis Mahn from Boxtehude". At the end of the 16th century, Antonius Wilde built the organ on the west gallery (contrary to other interpretations). In order to achieve the necessary height, a recess was made in the flat beam ceiling. The instrument comprised about 20 registers, which were divided between the two manual works main and chest positive as well as the pedal work. Wilde initially designed the positive chest as a set of shelves with an aliquot register as a solo part, but expanded it to five registers. The brass shelf is one of the oldest surviving reed voices . The pipes of the pedal work were housed in a single bass tower. As is customary in the Renaissance, the main housing had side wing doors that were painted. In 1657 Tobias Brunner (Lunden) and 1678 Michael Beriegel (Lübeck) carried out repairs on the double doors . The manual keyboards included the notes DEFGA – f 2 g 2 a 2 , which was not atypical in northern Germany in the second half of the 16th century.

New building by Arp Schnitger 1682–1683

Schnitger's return positive
Right pedal tower

When Schnitger was commissioned with a new building on July 25, 1682, he created a three-manual work with a completely new case and integrated most of the manual registers and the wind chest of the positive chest from the Wilde organ . It is unusual that Schnitger also took over Wilde's principal in the main work ("Oberwerk"). He lengthened the pipe feet to reach a tier of labia. Wild prospect whistles are characterized by short, pointed upper labia and were originally gold-plated and partly decorated. Since Schnitger was called to Hamburg shortly after the work began, where he received the order to build a new four-manual organ in St. Nicolai , his journeyman Andreas Weber from Erfurt completed the new building by Easter 1683. Schnitger compensated for the dry room acoustics with closed housings with great resonance. The three-manual system with three plenums on a 16-foot base in the main work, Rückpositiv and pedal enables the presentation of the organ music of the large Hanseatic cities. As in neighboring Otterndorf and Altenbruch , the close family ties of the pastors and church musicians led to a comparatively highly developed musical culture in the villages.

Schnitger placed the two free-standing polygonal pedal towers and the Rückpositiv in the parapet at about the same height. The pedal towers are based on a principle 8 'because of the low ceiling height. The two manual housings are five-axis, each with a raised polygonal central tower. Flat fields, which, in contrast to most Schnitger organs, are only single-storey (as in Oederquart, 1682), lead over to the pointed towers in the main housing. In the Rückpositiv, the central pipes protrude from the two intermediate fields in a pointed shape, which Schnitger has no parallel. As with the organ in Cappel from 1680, all intermediate fields have silent pipes. In the main housing, small rectangular fields with tendrils are attached below the flat fields, so that the pipe fields end at the same height as the pointed towers. In contrast, the intermediate fields of the Rückpositiv are placed centrally on the same transverse axis as the outer towers. All cases have lateral blind wings made of openwork tendrils, which can be found in a similar form in the case superstructures and in the upper and lower ends of all pipe fields. While the blind wings are partly carved, the veil boards and the coronation of the case are sawn out and given a three-dimensional effect through their painting. The upper and lower cornices have gilded profile strips and quite high friezes . The flap of the breastwork bears a double-headed eagle, the upper panels of the pedal towers have ornaments sawn out towards the console. The console is the only three-manual that Schnitger has preserved in a playable organ. The coverings of the lower keys are made of boxwood, those of the upper keys are made of ebony.

Later work

Three-manual gaming table with register labels from 1775

In 1746 Jacob Albrecht from Lamstedt exchanged Schnitger's Dulcian 16 ′ for a Vox humana 8 ′ in the Rückpositiv while retaining the throats and heads. In 1796–1798, Georg Wilhelm Wilhelmy added the low D flat to the pedal and replaced the Zimbelstern with “harmonic bells”, with a chord sounding on every note.

The prospectus pipes of the Rückpositiv had to be delivered in 1917 for armament purposes. The Lüdingworther organ attracted the attention of the organ movement . With this in mind, the instrument was repaired by P. Furtwängler & Hammer in 1930–1931 .

Restorations

Tongue register in the pedals, in front the reconstructed Cornet 2 ′

From today's perspective, the restoration work carried out by Emil Hammer Orgelbau in the years 1960–1961 is assessed as unsuccessful, as the pipe material was interfered with due to insufficient wind pressure. In addition, the action has been renewed and the store received compensating bellows. In the years 1981–1982 the organ was completely restored by Jürgen Ahrend , the damage from the 1960s reversed and the state of 1682 with the register inventory of Antonius Wilde in the main and breastwork and in the Rückpositiv and pedalwork by Arp Schnitger restored. In 1999 Ahrend gave the organ back its original mid-tone tuning . The color version and the register lettering go back to the year 1775 and were refreshed in the course of the restoration.

Disposition since 1982 (= 1683)

Today's disposition corresponds to the condition of Schnitger's new building after the restoration in 1982:

I Rückpositiv CDEFGA – c 3
01. Principal 04 ′ A / S
02. Gedact 08th' W.
03. Spitz floit 04 ′ S.
04th Octava 02 ′ S.
05. Waldflöt 02 ′ S.
06th Siflit 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′ S.
07th Sexquialtera II0 S.
08th. Terzian II S.
09. Scharff IV – VI S.
10. Dulcian 16 ′00 S / A
II Oberwerk CDEFGA – c 3
11. Principal 08th' W.
12. Quintadene 16 ′00 W / S
13. Pipe floit 08th' W.
14th Octave 04 ′ W.
15th Hollow floit 04 ′ W.
16. Nahsat 03 ′ W.
17th Octave 02 ′ W.
18th Rauschpfeife II0 W / S
10. Mixture V W / S
19th Zimbel III A.
20th Drums 08th' W.
III breastwork CDEFGA – c 3
21st Stuck 4 ′00 W.
22nd Quintfloit D0 3 ′ W.
23. Octave 2 ′ W / S
24. Scharff III S.
25th shelf 8th' W.
CDE – d pedal 1
26th Principal 08th' S.
27. Pedestal 16 ′00 W.
28. Octava 04 ′ W.
29 Night horn 02 ′ A.
30th Rauschpfeife II0 W.
31. Mixture V A.
32. trombone 16 ′ S.
34. Trumpet 08th' W.
35. Cornet 02 ′ A.
Remarks
W = Antonius Wilde (1598–1599)
S = Arp Schnitger (1682–1683)
A = Jürgen Ahrend (1981–1982)

Technical specifications

  • 35 registers, 56 rows of pipes
  • Wind supply:
    • 70 mm water column wind pressure
    • 4 wedge bellows (Ahrend)
  • Wind chests : Chest positive (Wilde / Schnitger), Rückpositiv, upper work and pedal (Schnitger)
  • Action :
    • Keyboards: manuals (Schnitger), pedal (Ahrend)
    • Tone action: mechanical
    • Stop action: mechanical
  • Mood :
    • Mid-tone tuning ( 1 ⁄ 4 comma)
    • Height: approx. 1 ⁄ 2 tone over a 1 = 440 Hz

literature

  • Walther Bornemann: The Wilde Schnitger organ in St. Jakobi d. Ä. zu Lüdingworth (= organ letter. 94-3). Pape, Berlin 1994.
  • Cornelius H. Edskes , Harald Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work (=  241st publication by the Society of Organ Friends ). 2nd Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89757-525-7 , pp. 30-32, 167 f .
  • Gustav Fock : Arp Schnitger and his school. A contribution to the history of organ building in the North and Baltic Sea coast areas . Bärenreiter, Kassel 1974, ISBN 3-7618-0261-7 , p. 37-42 .
  • Harald Vogel , Günter Lade, Nicola Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony . Hauschild, Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-931785-50-5 , p. 170-173 .

Web links

Commons : Organ of St. Jacobi Church, Lüdingworth  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 37.
  2. ^ A b c Vogel, Lade, Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. 1997, p. 172.
  3. ↑ a b c Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 30.
  4. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 168.
  5. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, pp. 38-39.
  6. ^ Vogel, Lade, Borger-Keweloh: Organs in Lower Saxony. 1997, p. 173.
  7. ↑ a b Edskes, Vogel: Arp Schnitger and his work. 2nd edition 2013, p. 32.
  8. ↑ Fock: Arp Schnitger and his school. 1974, p. 40.

Coordinates: 53 ° 47 ′ 57.1 "  N , 8 ° 45 ′ 32.4"  E