Oskar Becker (philosopher)

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Oskar Joachim Becker (born September 5, 1889 in Leipzig ; † November 13, 1964 in Bonn ) was a German philosopher , logician and mathematician . Along with Martin Heidegger, he is one of Edmund Husserl's most important students . He was the academic teacher of Max Bense , Paul Lorenzen , Hans Sluga , Jürgen Habermas , Karl-Otto Apel , Karl-Heinz Ilting , Hermann Schmitz , Elisabeth Ströker , Frank Werner Veauthier and Otto Pöggeler, among others .

life and work

Becker was a student at the St. Thomas School in Leipzig . After studying physics , chemistry , psychology , mathematics and philosophy at the New College in Oxford and at the University of Leipzig , Becker joined Otto Hölder in Leipzig in 1914 with a thesis on the decomposition of a polygon into exclusive triangles based on the plane axioms of connection and Arrangement doctorates. From 1915 to 1918 he did military service on the Eastern and Western Fronts of the First World War . From 1919 he studied with Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger in Freiburg . There he completed his habilitation in 1922 with the work Contributions to the phenomenological foundation of geometry and its physical applications . Then Becker was Husserl's assistant together with Heidegger. Becker was u. a. friends with Karl Löwith and with Ludwig Ferdinand Clauss . In 1927 he became an adjunct professor in Freiburg. In 1931 he accepted an appointment at the University of Bonn , where he taught until his retirement in 1955. From 1946 to 1951, although he was not a member of the NSDAP , he was temporarily retired due to his attitude and role during the National Socialist era . A commission of inquiry at the University of Bonn had come to the conclusion that although he was louder and not an intriguer personally among the National Socialists, his thinking was shaped by a strong racial doctrine, which was also reflected in publications and lectures in the 1930s and 1940s. Karl Löwith, originally a friend of Becker, expressed himself bitterly in his autobiography about Becker and his enthusiasm for the National Socialists after the seizure of power in 1933, which forced Löwith to emigrate.

Oskar Becker has made important contributions to basic mathematical research, in which he takes a constructivist position close to intuitionism , to the history of mathematics (especially to Greek mathematics, e.g. Eudoxos ) and to modal logic . In addition, he dealt with the philosophy of Martin Heidegger , with problems of existential philosophy and aesthetics . Before the Second World War he and Otto Toeplitz had a seminar on the history of mathematics in Bonn .

Fonts

  • Mathematical existence. Studies on the logic and ontology of mathematical phenomena. In: Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Volume VIII, 1927, pp. 440-809.
  • The symbolic in mathematics. In: Leaves for German Philosophy. Volume 1, Issue 4, 1928, pp. 329-348.
  • On the fragility of the beautiful and the adventurousness of the artist. In: Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Supplementary volume. Halle 1929, pp. 27–52. Husserl Festschrift
  • On the logic of the modalities. In: Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Volume XI, 1930, pp. 497-548
  • Edmund Husserl's philosophy. In: Kant studies. Volume 35, 1930, pp. 119-150.
  • The a priori structure of the visual space In: Philosophischer Anzeiger. Volume 4, 1930, pp. 129-162.
  • Eudoxos studies. 5 parts. In: Sources and studies on the history of mathematics, astronomy and physics. Volume II, 1933, pp. 311-333; Pp. 369-387; Volume III, 1936, pp. 236-244; Pp. 370-388; Pp. 389-410
    • I: A pre-Evangelical theory of proportion and its traces in Aristotle and Euclid. In: Sources and studies on the history of mathematics, astronomy and physics Volume 2, pp. 311–333.
    • II: Why did the Greeks assume the existence of the fourth proportional. Volume 2, pp. 369-387.
    • III: Traces of an axiom of continuity in the style of Dedekind at the time of Eudoxus. Volume 3, pp. 236-244.
    • IV: The principle of the excluded third in Greek mathematics. Volume 3, pp. 370-388.
    • V: The Eudoxic doctrine of ideas and colors. Volume 3, 389-410.
  • The doctrine of even and odd in the 9th book of the Euclidean elements. In: Sources and studies on the history of mathematics, astronomy and physics Volume 3, 1936, pp. 533–553
  • Transcendence and paratranscendence. Travaux du IX. Congrès International de Philosophy. Extrait, Paris 1937.
  • Bernhard Bavink on race and culture. In: race. Volume 3, 1936, pp. 474-476.
  • Philosophy and Weltanschauung (new publications from 1935 and 1936). In: race. Volume 4, 1937, pp. 404-407.
  • Nordic metaphysics. in: race. Nordic Movement Monthly. Published on behalf of the Nordic Ring in the Nordic Society by Richard von Hoff , 5th year 1938, Leipzig / Berlin, pp. 81–92.
  • Friedrich Nietzsche's thoughts on hierarchy, breeding and breeding. War lectures of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn a. Rh. Heft 97, Bonn 1942. Was placed on the list of literature to be sorted out in the Soviet occupation zone after the end of the Second World War .
  • Para-existence. Human existence and existence. In: Leaves for German Philosophy. Volume 17, 1943, pp. 62-95.
  • Leibnitz, the German thinker and good European. War lectures of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn a. Rh. Issue 157, Bonn 1944.
  • with Joseph Ehrenfried Hofmann : History of Mathematics. Bonn 1951 (Becker wrote the part about antiquity).
  • Introduction to logistics, especially modal calculus. Westkulturverlag Anton Hain, Meisenheim am Glan 1951.
  • Investigations on the modal calculus. Westkulturverlag Anton Hain, Meisenheim am Glan 1952.
  • Fundamentals of mathematics in historical development. Orbis academicus Volume II / 6. Freiburg / Munich: Alber 1954, 2nd edition 1964. (This edition is identical to the text and pages as Suhrkamp Taschenbuch Wissenschaft. Volume 114, Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1975).
  • The mathematical thinking of the ancient world. Göttingen 1957, 2nd edition 1967
  • Size and limit of the mathematical way of thinking. Karl Alber, Freiburg 1959.
  • The topicality of the Pythagorean thought. In: Gadamer Festschrift. Tubingen 1960.
  • Existence and Dawesen. Collected Philosophical Articles. Neske, Pfullingen 1963
  • The role of Euclidean geometry in protophysics. In: Philosophia naturalis . Volume 8, pp. 49-64.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The analogy of being - analogy of being and ontological difference , Freiburg 1953 p. 5
  2. Oskar Becker in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / id used Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / name used
  3. ^ Christian Tilitzki : The German University Philosophy in the Weimar Republic and in the Third Reich . Part 1, Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, p. 268. ISBN 3050036478 .
  4. Eckart Menzler-Trott : Gentzens Problem: Mathematical Logic in National Socialist Germany , Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 2001, p. 188. ISBN 3764365749 .
  5. Wolfram Hogrebe: Die Selbstverstrickung des Philosophen Oskar Becker, in: Horst Jörg Sandkühler (Ed.), Philosophy in National Socialism, Felix Meiner Verlag, 2009, p. 182
  6. Löwith, My Life in Germany Before and After 1933, 1986
  7. list