Otto Hausmann
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Otto Hausmann (born November 5, 1837 in Elberfeld ; † March 13, 1916 there ) was a German writer and painter .
family
Hausmann's parents and grandparents came from the slum An der Fuhr (Fuhrstrasse), which was on the southern edge of Elberfeld behind the Wupper and offered quarters for the predominantly socially disadvantaged and less well-off. Here mostly craftsmen and day laborers sought their livelihood.
His great-grandfather on his grandmother's side was Johann Friedrich Maas (1741–1806), who ran a carpenter's workshop in the neighborhood. He and his parents moved from Wesel to Elberfeld as an adolescent and, after completing his carpenter training, bought a small house on the edge of the eastern Fuhr, on the side facing away from the Wupper. Around 1765 he married Anna Catharina Stamm (1744-1815), the daughter of the swordsmith Arnold Stamm, in Solingen .
Nine children were born in the house on the Fuhr, three of whom died at an early age. The family had a modest livelihood. In 1767 the great-grandfather acquired the citizenship of the city of Elberfeld for three talers. The eldest and youngest son learned the trade of carpenter, the sixth son became a bookbinder and a younger brother made trousers and gloves. The fifth child, Maria Wilhelmina, was born in 1776. The girl's nickname was Mina .
In Mina's life, events, names and locations show striking similarities with the life of Mina Knallenfall , one of Otto Hausmann's later figures in his eponymous dialect epic . In 1804 Wilhelmina Maas married the printer and dyer Carl Friedrich Hausmann, Otto Hausmann's grandfather (* 1781), who had come to Elberfeld from Laufenselden in the Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau as a young craftsman and looked for work there around 1800 in the numerous dye works and textile printing works would have. The couple lived in the house of Mina's parents and had three sons, Carl Friedrich (born January 8, 1805), Otto Hausmann's father, Friedrich (born March 17, 1807) and Gustav August Hausmann (born August 2, 1812).
After twenty years of saving, Carl Friedrich Hausmann managed to get out of the position of a wage-dependent craftsman and married man in the house of his brother-in-law Friedrich Maas and set up his own workshop. In 1823 he bought a piece of land on Herzogstrasse, where he built a house in 1825/26. In February 1827 he again went into debt with a thousand thalers from the Elberfeld master builder Heinrich Gill “for the new construction of a back building behind his house”, presumably as a workshop building to accommodate his small craft business.
Carl Friedrich Hausmann, the eldest son, grew up in the poor district of the Fuhr . He had learned dyeing in his father's business. He married the nineteen-year-old Jacobina König on June 22, 1829 and lived with her on Herzogstrasse , probably in his parents' house. Their first son (Carl Friedrich jr.) Was born here in 1830, and his mother probably died in childbed. Carl Friedrich Hausmann then married his second wife Lotta, née Niederste-Schee. In 1836 she gave birth to a daughter, Charlotta Pauline. After the family moved to nearby Laurentiusstrasse (on what is now the Deutsche Bank site), Otto Hausmann was born here on November 5, 1837.
Life
Otto Hausmann's mother died when the boy was five and a quarter years old. Hausmann's half-brother, a commercial assistant in his father's business, died in 1851 at the age of twenty-one. The father then became seriously ill, probably with tuberculosis , so that Hausmann had to work hard to earn a living at an early age and could not attend secondary school. The family dye works, which the grandfather ran with great difficulty, could not withstand the competition of the beginning industrialization. Otto Hausmann learned the stone printer's trade. Only later was he able to catch up on the “one year” (a secondary school leaving certificate ) in Düsseldorf . In addition, he acquired extensive knowledge of history, geography and literary history through self-study.
Otto Hausmann's father and grandfather died in 1864. Together with his sister, he inherited the house with the back building at what is now Kasinostraße 28. The calico printing and dyeing business ran out. Otto Hausmann later opened a " lithographic institute " in the back building. In 1874, ten years after taking over the inheritance, he took over the house, which was a third in debt from earlier times, and paid off his sister. On March 4, 1876 he married Berta Huffmann, the widow of the beer brewer and innkeeper Johannes Lötz. She was an "understanding sympathizer of his poetic endeavors and work". The income from the business, the sale of his grandfather's house for 36,500 gold marks and the financial possibilities of his wife enabled him to limit his commercial employment more and more and, from 1890, to devote himself almost entirely to his literary work. Later he set up the “Berta and Otto Hausmann Foundation” for charitable purposes with a deposit of 12,000 gold marks. Art trips took him with his wife through Germany (including a trip to the Rhine from Cologne to Mainz) and especially to Italy.
In Elberfeld, Hausmann was one of the city's dignitaries . He had a close friendship with three local musicians, the Elberfeld music director Alfred Dregert and the composers and singing teachers Georg Rauchenecker and Carl Lorleberg. Another friend, the graphic artist Hermann Würz (1836–1899, a student of Richard Seels since 1854 ) illustrated some of Hausmann's works, but the two later fell out. Other close friends were Gustav Hoerter (1844–1912), son of an Elberfeld master weaver and high school professor at the Barmer Realgymnasium, as well as Friedrich Storck , the "Plattkaller", who, like Hausmann von Färber, rose to become a dialect poet as an autodidact and was celebrated with Hausmann by the Elberfeld bourgeoisie . In 1896, Hausmann became director of the school Wirkerstraße and was also a member of the board of trustees of the advanced training school . From 1904 to 1906 he held the office of city councilor, where he probably represented the interests of the Liberal Party in Elberfeld's city parliament.
The Hausmann couple had last lived since 1900 on the second floor of the west wing of the Neuburgschen house at Luisenstrasse 56, opposite the Adam and Eve garden , next to today's city library. Hausmann's wife died here on December 12, 1906; Hausmann himself became seriously ill and died here in 1916. The house was lost in the 1943 air raid on Elberfeld .
Work (selection)
Literary work
Hausmann wrote 14 dramatic poems (one-act play), which he summarized under the title Glorious Mountains . His poems have been collected in five volumes. They were published by Martini & Grüttefien in 1907 under the title Selected Poems by Otto Hausmann . Herein also appeared one of the most famous works of Haussmann's from the 1860s, which in local dialect held sociocritical epic about the Lewensgeschichte vam Mina bang If vam äm selwer Vertault (JH Born, 75 pp). In the story, Mina Knallenfalls came from a poor background - her father was unemployed and a drinker - and is still one of the Wuppertal originals today . However, Hausmann distanced himself from his best literary achievement in the further course of his life until his death. There was no reading during his lifetime, no unqualified appreciation, no resurgence. Lore Duwe translated the work into standard German. Other publications were:
- Humorous-satyrical travel sketches - Cologne to Mainz - by Otto Hausmann with 55 etchings by Hermann Würz. J. Loewenstein, Elberfeld 1876, 72 pp.
- Daniel in the Lions Den or the House of Temptations , comedy, 1877
- Into the Ahr valley , verse and prose, 1880
- Scattered leaves , poems, Baedeckersche Buch- und Kunsthandlung, Elberfeld 1886
- Knight Arnold von Elverfeld or: Der Rommelspütt , Ballade, JH Born 1894
- Caesarius von Heisterbach , Verse, 1897
- Youth driving , travel sketches, 1899
- Painting and the related arts in Wuppertal , essay, monthly publication of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein , 1905
painting
Less known are Hausmann's historical pen drawings Alt-Elberfeld , which he had printed as a manuscript in 1900 with inserted social criticism. In the last 10 years of his life he devoted himself to watercolors and chalk drawings.
Choral music
Hausmann was closely associated with male singing and composed prize choirs for male choir competitions. Numerous composers - especially from the Rhineland in places like Cologne, Godesberg, Koblenz and Krefeld - used Hausmann's lyrics in their songs, which often dealt with wandering companions, lovers saying goodbye wistfully and hard-drinking drinkers.
Examples are:
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Operas
Hausmann wrote the libretti for the operas Sanna and Aus Große Zeit , which were performed with great success in the Elberfeld City Theater . Hausmann wrote the opera text for Amalasunta, Queen of the Goths by Georg Rauchenecker .
reception
Heinz Wolff wrote about Hausmann: “His poetic ambition also left its mark on the poetry of the 19th century. These often had a stronger effect than those of Emil Ritterhaus . In some lines you put him next to Heinrich Heine , because he too was a master of change of tone. He was able to masterfully dissolve the mood he had created with a punchline and destroy it himself, as the Düsseldorf poet liked to do. At the same time he hit the folksong-like tone that still lives on today. "
Honors
Hausmann was a popular figure in choral society circles and received numerous honorary memberships.
In Wuppertal the street Otto-Hausmann-Ring was named after the poet.
literature
- Heinz Wolff: Otto Hausmann. In: Wuppertal biographies. Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Volume 8, Volume 16. Born Verlag, Wuppertal 1966. pp. 49-65.
- Gerhard Birker, Heinrich-Karl Schmitz, Wolfgang Winkelsen: Otto Hausmann. From the father of "Mina Knallenfalls" to the poet of the singing brothers. In: Wuppertal biographies. Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Volume 17, Volume 37. Born Verlag, Wuppertal 1993. ISBN 3-87093-065-9 , pp. 65-83.
- Werner Kohlschmidt , Wolfgang Mohr (Germanist) : Reallexikon der Deutschen Literaturgeschichte . Volume 1: ak . Walter de Gruyter, p. 524.
- Hausmann, Otto . In: Franz Brümmer : Lexicon of German poets and prose writers from the beginning of the 19th century to the present , 6th edition, Leipzig 1913, 3rd volume, p. 108 - Internet Archive .
Web links
- Hubertus Schendel: Works by "Otto Hausmann" (1837–1916) . deutscheslied.com
- Otto Hausmann. Mina's father turns 175. The poet made himself immortal with his dialect epic. In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , November 5, 2012
- Barbara Opitz: Who was Mina Knallenfalls? In: Westdeutsche Zeitung , September 17, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Gerhard Birker, Heinrich-Karl Schmitz, Wolfgang Winkelsen: Otto Hausmann. From the father of "Mina Knallenfalls" to the poet of the singing brothers. In: Wuppertal biographies. Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Volume 17, Volume 37. Born Verlag, Wuppertal 1993. ISBN 3-87093-065-9 , pp. 65-83.
- ^ Heinz Wolff: Otto Hausmann. In: Wuppertal biographies. Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Volume 8, Volume 16. Born Verlag, Wuppertal 1966. pp. 49-65.
- ↑ DNB 116540516
- ^ Hubertus Schendel: Works by "Otto Hausmann" (1837–1916) . In: deutscheslied.com
- ^ Emil Burgstaller: Des song consecration (for 4-part male choir). Op. 100.
- ^ Mathieu Naumann: Sardanapal. Op. 51.
- ^ Heinz Wolff: Otto Hausmann. In: Wuppertal biographies. Contributions to the history and local history of the Wuppertal. Episode 8, Volume 16. Born Verlag, Wuppertal 1966. P. 64.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hausmann, Otto |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German writer and graphic artist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 5, 1837 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Elberfeld |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 13, 1916 |
| Place of death | Elberfeld |