Oxytropis urumovii
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Herbarium specimen from the herbarium of the Botanical Bavarian State Collection (leg. H. & P. Merxmüller Zollitsch, 01/08/1968) |
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| Oxytropis urumovii | ||||||||||||
| Jávorka ex ( Urum. ) |
Oxytropis urumovii is a plant species from the genus of the pointed keels ( Oxytropis ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae). This very rare, endemic species occurs sporadically in alpine habitats on limestone in the northern Pirin Mountains .
Description and system
Distinguishing features of similar species and botanical history
Oxytropis urumovii was first confused with Oxytropis prenja because of its small size . In 1922 Javorká recognized the independence of the actually unmistakable species, although August von Hayek in 1927 in Prodromus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae , 1, pp. 790–791 considered Oxytropis umorovii to be identical to Oxytropis dinarica . What Oxytropis urumovii and Oxytropis dinarica have in common is that they are both densely hairy and yellow-flowered, but the former is easily distinguishable from all Balkan Oxytropis species due to the almost double-chambered legume, longer calyx tips, thicker hairs and smaller habitus . In 1966, Peter Leins and Hermann Merxmüller followed Hayek's view and included the Oxytropis dinarica in Oxytropis urumovii . Leins & Merxmüller contradicted this widespread view in 1983 by Chrtek & Chrtková, who restored both taxa.
Oxytropis urumovii is a diploid species. The hexaploid Oxytropis campestris may have originated from Balkan ancestors to which the two diploid Oxytropis dinarica and Oxytropis urumovii as well as a tetraploid species may belong.
Vegetative characteristics
Oxytropis urumovii grows as a stemless, perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 10 centimeters. The root system is strongly developed and shows a deep taproot that branches out strongly. The above-ground parts of the plant are tomentose with whitish hairs 2 to 3 millimeters long ( indument ). The numerous leaves stand together in a basal rosette of leaves . The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The pinnate leaf blade usually contains eight to twelve pairs of leaflets . The free-standing lanceolate stipules are two to three times as long as the lowest leaflets and only briefly connected to the leaf stalk.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September. The flowers are crowded in egg-shaped, head-like , racemose , inflorescences .
The upright, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 14 to 15 millimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are short tubular-bell-shaped fused, covered with long whitish or yellowish, as if pressed and clearly shorter black hair. The five petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly blossom. The 14 to 15 millimeter long crown is bright yellow and reddish at the tip after the anthesis .
The upright, seated half-chambered to almost double-chambered, inflated legume is elongated-egg-shaped and narrows towards the tip into an increasingly pointed long beak. The legume is covered with long woolly light and short black hairs. The maroon seeds are kidney-shaped and flattened.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
In Oxytropis urumovii is a Hemikryptophyt , the stalk as loose compact rosette plant grows. He is a thermophilic xerophyte .
Occurrence and synsociology
distribution
Oxytropis urumovii is only distributed in northern Pirin on the main ridge of the mountain range, which is made up of metamorphic sedimentary rocks (crystalline limestone and marble ). Well-known sites are the Vihren (both in the summit area and in the north-facing glacial Great Karen des Vihren in the Kazanita with the Mali and Golemyi Kazan ), on the Kutelo and Banski Suchodol , Kamenitsa and Razloschki Suchodol .
Site conditions
Oxytropis urumovii only colonizes rendzinen on calcareous base , which are limited to some areas of northern Pirins . It thrives at altitudes of over 2500 meters and occurs in herb-rich communities of Festuca pirinica . It occurs in dry wind corners in the summit and ridge area of the Pirin.
Synsociology
In general, Oxytropis urumovii is found in open alpine limestone grasslands in which the grasses Sesleria korabensis , Carex rupestris , Carex kitaibeliana and Sesleria coerulans dominate to different degrees. Herein Oxytropis urumovii part of Schnegesellschaften the order atratae Gentiano-Plantaginetum in glacial Karen occurs the Pirin. The following additional species are typical: Arenaria biflora , Dianthus microlepis , Draba scardica , Galium demissum subsp. stojanovii , Gentiana verna , Gnaphalium supinum (= Omalotheca supina ), Plantago atrata , Potentilla crantzii , Potentilla ternata , Ranunculus carinthiacus , Sedum atratum and, less frequently, Alopecurus gerardii , Carex kitaibeliana , Poa pirinica and Sesleria coerulans .
In the alpine limestone grasslands of the wind corners in the summit and ridge area of the Pirin in the association Oxytropidio elynion there are numerous other endemic species of Pirin in addition to Oxytropis urumovii : Carex curvula , Poa media , Festuca airoides are rare, Antennaria dioica , Anthyllis vulneraria , Carex kitaibeliana are more common , Erigeron alpinus , Galium anisophyllon , Hieracium alpicola , Jasione laevis subsp. orbiculata , Juniperus sibirica , Minuartia verna , Primula minima , Sesleria coerulans , Trifolium repens subsp. orbelicum , Vaccinium uliginosum and Androsace villosa , Campanula cochlearifolia , Centaurea Achtarovii , Festuca pirinica , Rhodax alpestris , Thymus perinicus, which are rarely found in Bulgaria .
Common names in other languages
bulg. Урумов окситропис
literature
- Peter Leins, Hermann Merxmüller: Oxytropis. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 124–126 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Web links
- National Red List of the Republic of Bulgaria - Oxytropis urumovii Jav. [2]
- Oxytropis urumovii Jav. Type evidence in the Bulgarian National Museum of Natural History. Collection of Ivan Kyrill Urumov, 1915 Bulgarian National Museum of Natural History .
Individual evidence
- ↑ N. Andreev: Oxytropis uruovii Javorka. In: Ana Petrova (Ed.): Atlas of Bulgarian Endemic Plants. Gea-Libris, Sofia 2006. pp. 146-147
- ↑ a b Jindřich Chrtek, Anna Chrtková 1982: Comments on some Balkan Oxytropis species. In: Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica , Volume 18, No. 3, 1983, p. 311 JSTOR 4180441
- ↑ August von Hayek: Prodomus Florae peninsulae Balcanicae , 1, 1927, pp. 790-791
- ↑ a b c Ekaterina Kozuharova, A. John Richards, Marie Hale, Kirsten Wolff: Two rare Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) endemic to the Pirin Mts, Bulgaria. In: Phytologia Balcanica , Volume 13, No. 3, Sofia, 2007, pp. 335-346. (PDF)
- ↑ Peter Leins, Hermann Merxmüller: To the structure of the Oxytropis campestris group. In: Mitteilungen der Botanische Staatssammlung München , Volume 6, 1966, pp. 19–31.
- ↑ Ekaterina Kozuharova, A. John Richards, Marie Hale, Kirsten Wolff: Two rare Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) endemic to the Pirin Mts, Bulgaria. In: Phytologia Balcanica , Volume 13, No. 3, Sofia, 2007, p. 343.
- ^ Lean calcareous grassland at EUNIS Habitat Types in Bulgaria. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ EUNIS Habitat Type E4.121: Alpine calcicolous herbaceous communities near melting snow-patches [1]
- ↑ EUNIS Habitat Type E4.427.
- ↑ Червена книга на Република България, Volume 1 (German Red Species List of the Republic of Bulgaria) Урумов окситропис
