Dinaric pointed keel

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Dinaric pointed keel
Dinaric pointed keel (Oxytropis dinarica subsp.dinarica var.macrocarpa, Montenegro, Opuvani do, Orjen)

Dinaric Spitzkiel ( Oxytropis Dinarica subsp. Dinarica var. Macrocarpa , Montenegro, Opuvani do, Orjen)

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Galegeae
Genre : Pointed keels ( Oxytropis )
Type : Dinaric pointed keel
Scientific name
Oxytropis dinarica
( Murb. ) Compet.

The Dinaric pointed keel ( Oxytropis dinarica ) is a species of the genus of the pointed keel ( Oxytropis ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the leguminous plants (Fabaceae).

Description and system

Distinguishing features to similar species

Herbarium specimens of the variety Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica var. macrocarpa , Bijela gora in the Orjen

The Dinaric pointed keel is closely related to the Alpine pointed keel ( Oxytropis campestris ) and the endemic Oxytropis species of the Balkan Peninsula: Oxytropis urumovii , Prenj pointed keel ( Oxytropis prenja ) and Oxytropis kozhuharovii . All these species, as far as they were already described at that time, were separated from the other European Oxytropis species by Peter Leins and Hermann Merxmüller due to common morphological characteristics in the structure of the legumes as the Oxytropis campestris group .

Within the Oxytropis campestris "super aggregate", the Dinaric pointed keel differs from the alpine pointed keel ( Oxytropis campestris see str.) Mainly by the 2 to 3 millimeter long hairs on the fruits, with Oxytropis campestris the hairs are at most 1 mm long. The difference in hair length can be seen very clearly at the ovary even in flowering plants. In addition, the Verwachsungsweise the stipules is distinguished on the petioles: at Oxytropis Dinarica are Nebenblätter only grown briefly with the petiole in Oxytropis campestris other hand at least a third to a half.

Further characteristics are the hair ( indument ) and the flower size and color. In Oxytropis dinarica the hairs on the inflorescence shafts and leaves are protruding, only pressed in isolated cases (especially in the subsp. Weberi ), while in Oxytropis campestris the hairs (especially in Balkan populations) are more or less pressed. Oxytropis campestris from the Alps and the Carpathians also often has a purple tinge in the flower color, which never appears in Oxytropis dinarica .

Oxytropis dinarica is so far only known as a diploid species. The hexaploid Oxytropis campestris therefore possibly originated from Balkan ancestors to which the two diploid Oxytropis dinarica and Oxytropis urumovii as well as a tetraploid species can belong.

Vegetative characteristics

Seedlings with first leaf

The Dinaric keel grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 20 centimeters. The root system is well developed and ramified. The above-ground parts of the plant are hairy tomentose. The numerous leaves stand together in a basal rosette of leaves . The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The pinnate leaf blade consists of rarely 8 to usually 10 to 15 pairs of leaflets . The leaflets are elliptical (or lanceolate) with a length of 5 to 15 millimeters and a width of 2 to 4 millimeters and scattered hairy to almost completely bare. The lanceolate stipules are two to three times as long as the lowest leaflets and are only briefly connected to the leaf stalk.

Generative characteristics

Inflorescence of the variety Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica var. macrocarpa , Bijela gora in the Orjen

The flowering period extends from (June) the end of July to August. The 6 to 15 flowers are crowded in head-like to elongated inflorescences . The inflorescence stem is about as long as the leaves or a little longer. The bracts are elongated to lanceolate, short, half as long as the calyx tube, silvery hairy.

The upright, hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a length of 15 to 18 millimeters and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are short tubular, covered with long whitish or yellowish, as if pressed and clearly shorter black hair. The five petals stand together in the typical shape of the butterfly blossom. The 14 to 17 mm long crown is pale yellow to sulfur yellow, in the upper area reddish brown. The flag is oblong-egg-shaped with a serrated upper area.

The upright, sedentary legume is 13 to 18 millimeters long and 4 to 7 millimeters wide and oblong and ovoid, and the inflated legume narrows towards the tip into an increasingly pointed long beak. The legume is covered with long woolly light and short black hairs. The maroon seeds are kidney-shaped and flattened.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

Ecology and plant sociological classification

ecology

Dinaric oromediterranean / alpine limestone turf of the Oxytropidion dinaricae association . In the picture from the summit area of Velika Jastrebica , the Dinaric keel is associated with Edraianthus tenuifolius .

The Dinaric keel is a light plant rich in lime raw and initial soils that belong to the Rendzic- Leptosol soil class . As a hemicryptophyte, the stemless, loosened rosette plant is also a thermophilic xerophytic species, which enables it to survive on dry karst wind corners in the summit and ridge area of ​​the Hochdinarides, but also in favorable, more steppe-like habitats in lower elevations.

Plant sociology

The Dinaric pointed keel is the eponymous characteristic and characteristic of the plant-sociological association Oxytropidion dinaricae within the Dinaric calcareous grass order Crepidetalia dinarica, which belongs to the European class of blue grass and naked grass ( Elyno-Seslerietea ). It is particularly widespread in the high southeast Dinarides between the Neretva and Valbone. The individual associations of the association settle on mostly less profound rendzines or on deeply developed calcareous melanosols of glacial troughs.

The geological substrate is provided by the strongly folded Triassic limestone of the Durmitor Nappe of the outer High Dinarides as well as Cretaceous and Jurassic limestone of the outer subadriatic littoral Dinarides, on which Kalkrohumus soils and calcium omelanosols develop. The name Buavica is used as the local name of the Dinaric high mountain soils of the lime omelanosols, for which lime grasses of the order Crepidetalia dinarica are also the most common type of vegetation.

Characteristic species of this vegetation type are next Oxytropis Dinarica and numerous grass species of the genera Carex , Sesleria and Poa particular numerous endemic taxa: Stone Elke ( Dianthus sylvestris . Subsp tergestinus ), thymus Albanus , Viola zoysii , Iris reichenbachii , Edraianthus tenuifolius , Iberis sempervirens , thymus stellatus and Sesleria robusta u. a.

Occurrence

Distribution of the subspecies subsp. dinarica (with the varieties weberi and macrocarpa ), subsp. weberi and Oxytropis urumovii
Distribution of the subspecies subsp. dinarica and subsp. velebitica

The Dinaric keel is a Dinaric endemic . It is common in the mountains of Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Montenegro , southwestern Serbia, and Albania . It is not found in neighboring Bulgaria and Greece , although an occurrence in Greece cannot be ruled out.

The Dinaric keel is a decidedly chalky type of light . It is a characteristic species of the Dinaric lime grass lawn , of rubble and karst windsurfaces of the alpine altitude and eponymous species of the southeast Dinaric association Oxytropidion dinaricae within the class Elyno-Seslerietea.

Systematics

Hairiness (indument) in Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica var. macrocarpa , Opuvani do, Orjen

It was first described as the subspecies Oxytropis campestris subsp. dinarica by Svante Murbeck in Lunds Univ. Arsscript. xxvii. (1892), p. 143. Wettstein then raised this to the rank of a separate species as Oxytropis dinarica . Peter Leins and Herman Merxmüller classified the Dinaric keel in Oxytropis urumovii in 1966 . Chrtek and Chrková restored it as a separate kind of sensu Wettstein.

The Dinaric keel is divided into three geographical subspecies and two varieties:

  • Oxytropis dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. subsp. dinarica from the south-eastern Dinarides to northern Albania with the varieties:
    • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica var. macrocarpa Chrtek & Chrtková from the Sub-Adriatic Orjen .
    • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica var. pseudourumovii Chrtek & Chrtková from North Macedonia in Jakupica .
  • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. velebitica from the northwestern Dinarides in Croatia.
  • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. weberi from North Macedonia between the Šar Planina , Korab Mountains and Galičica .

The individual subspecies differ in the shape of the inflorescence, hair color, crown color, length, density and arrangement of the hairs ( indument ) of the leaves and inflorescence shafts, fruit size and shape. Chrtek and Chrková consider the shape of the inflorescences and their shape after blooming as the most important criteria; this is noticeably elongated in the north-western population ( Oxytropis dinarica subsp. velebitica ). Furthermore, the hairs in the western and central populations are horizontally protruding, in the eastern populations to different degrees.

Thus, the morphotypes of the three subspecies in the geographical races are also assigned as subspecies: In the case of Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica , the leaves are light to yellowish green, with a spherical inflorescence that is only very moderately elongated after blooming and with hairs that protrude horizontally as a rule; in the Oxytropis dinarica subsp. velbitica with light green leaves and with the inflorescence lengthening after blooming and usually vertically protruding hairs; the Oxytropis dinarica subsp. weberi with greyish leaves, with a moderately elongated inflorescence after blooming and mostly with spots at the tip of the petals. The Oxytropis dinarica var. Macrocarpa with the largest known fruits of the Oxytropis campestris group is also striking .

Synonymy: Oxytropis sulphurea Pant., Oxytropis campestris subsp. dinarica Murb., Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. subsp. alpina Wettst. var. dinarica (Murb.) Ascherson et. Graebn., Oxytropis urumovii Jav.

Botanical history and taxonomy

For the first time in 1874 Joseph Pantocsek classified the Dinaric keel as Oxytropis argentea under the synonym of Oxytropis sulphurea . He made his collections in 1872 while touring Montenegro in Komovi and Durmitor and published them in 1874 in Adnotationes ad Floram et Faunam Hercegovinae, Crnagorae et Dalmatiae (p. 128).

Synonyms for Oxytropis dinarica (Murb.) Wettst. are: Oxytropis campestris (L.) DC. ssp. dinarica Murb., Oxytropis sulphurea Pant., non Ledeb., Oxytropis urumovii Jáv. The Serbo-Croatian common name is dinarska oštrica .

natural reserve

Limestone grasslands with alpine habitats of Oxytropis dinarica can be found in the Durmitor National Park and in the Tara Gorge, which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (MAB program) . National parks with other occurrences of the species are located in the Peručica Primeval Forest Reserve in the Sutjeska National Park and in the Biogradska Gora , Paklenica , Galičica and Šar Planica National Parks .

literature

  • Peter Leins, Hermann Merxmüller: Oxytropis. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 124–126 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Dinaric pointed keel ( Oxytropis dinarica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Oxytropis dinarica in the Euro-Mediterranean database of the Botanical Garden Berlin Dahlem [2]
  • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. dinarica from the Kuči district in Montenegro, from a collection by Antonio Baldacci in the herbarium of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris [3] [4] [5]
  • Oxytropis dinarica subsp. weberi Herbarium evidence from Popova Šapka (Šar Planina) in Macedonia in the Botanical Museum Utrecht [6]
  • Oxytropis dinarica ssp. velebitica in the Flora Croatica Database with natural and herbarium images [7]
  • Oxytropis dinarica in ePIC, Kew [8]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ekaterina Kozuharova, A. John Richards, Marie Hale, Kirsten Wolff: Two rare Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) endemic to the Pirin Mts, Bulgaria. In: Phytologia Balcanica , Volume 13, No. 3, Sofia, 2007, pp. 335-346. (PDF)
  2. ↑ a b c Jindřich Chrtek, Anna Chrtková 1982: Comments on some Balkan Oxytropis species. In: Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica , Volume 18, No. 3, 1983, p. 311 JSTOR 4180441
  3. ↑ Peter Leins, Hermann Merxmüller: To the structure of the Oxytropis campestris group. In: Mitteilungen der Botanische Staatssammlung München , Volume 6, 1966, pp. 19–31.
  4. ↑ Jindřich Chrtek and Anna Chrtková 1982: Comments on some Balkan Oxytropis species . P. 314
  5. ↑ a b Čedomil Šilić : Emdemične biljke. Priroda Jugoslavije, 4, 1990, p. 61, Svjetlost Sarajevo, 3rd edition. ISBN 86-01-02557-9
  6. ↑ Ekaterina Kozuharova, A. John Richards, Marie Hale, Kirsten Wolff: Two rare Oxytropis species (Fabaceae) endemic to the Pirin Mts, Bulgaria. In: Phytologia Balcanica , Volume 13, No. 3, Sofia, 2007, p. 343.
  7. ^ I. Horvat, V. Glavac, H. Ellenberg 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas . Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-437-30168-3 , pp. 605-618
  8. ↑ Radomir Lakusic 1970: The Vegetation of the Southeastern Dinarides . Vegetatio, Vol. 21, pp. 351–354 (JSTOR: PDF)
  9. ↑ Radomir Lakusic 1970: The vegetation of the Southeast Dinarides . Vegetatio, p. 325
  10. ↑ P. Cikovac 2002: Sociology and site-dependent distribution of fir-rich forests in the Orjen Mountains . Diploma thesis at the LMU, Department of Geography, pp. 39–44 [1]
  11. ^ I. Horvat, V. Glavac, H. Ellenberg 1974: Vegetation Südosteuropas . Pp. 611-612
  12. ↑ R. Lakusic 1966: The vegetation of the meadows and pastures of the Bjelasica Mountains . Godisnjak Bioloskog Instituta Sarajevo, Vol. 19, 25-186
  13. ↑ a b c Jindřich Chrtek, Anna Chrtková 1983: Comments on some Balkan Oxytropis species. In Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica , Volume 18, No. 3, pp. 309-320, at pp. 315-317
  14. ^ Joseph Pantocsek 1874: Adnotationes ad Floram et Faunam Hercegovinae, Crnagorae et Dalmatiae . S. A from the negotiations of the Association for Natural History, new episode. II., Posen p. 128
  15. ↑ Biosphere Reserve Information Montenegro TARA RIVER BASIN