Pesa Link

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Pesa Link (DMU 120)
Two type SA 139 railcars at Kostrzyn station.
Two type SA 139 railcars at Kostrzyn station .
Manufacturer: Pesa ( Bydgoszcz )
Year of construction (s): from 2012
Axis formula :
  • B'2 '  (one piece)
  • B '(2') B '  (two-part)
  • B '(2') (2 ') B'  (three-part)
Genre : Diesel railcars
Gauge : 1435 mm ( standard gauge )
Length over coupling:
  • 28.65 m (one-piece)
  • 43 730 mm (two-part)
  • 57 130 mm (three-part)
  • 70.53 m (four-part)
Height: 4,280 mm
Width: 2,880 mm
Bogie axle base: 2.10 m
Smallest bef. Radius:
  • 100 m (workshop)
  • 150 m (operation)
Top speed:
  • 160 km / h (not ordered)
  • 140 km / h
  • 120 km / h (Regentalbahn, PL, ČD)
Installed capacity: 1 × 565 kW to 2 × 565 kW
Acceleration: 0.74 m / s² (0-30 km / h)
Motor type: MTU 6H 1800 R85L
(České Dráhy)
Brake: KB C-pn-RAH-Mg (D) NBÜ-DB ep
Coupling type: Scharfenberg
Floor height: 600 mm; 760 mm
Low floor: <50%
Classes : 1./2.

The Pesa Link (project name DMU 120) is a diesel multiple unit produced by the Polish manufacturer Pesa . The concept of the railcars is modular, so that Pesa can adapt the size and equipment of the vehicles to a large extent to the respective requirements of the client. One to four-part multiple units are currently available.

Vehicle concept

Bogie of a one-piece link

drive

The different variants of the Pesa Link can be motorized according to customer requirements or the requirements of the timetables. In the variants delivered up to now, the drive takes place via power packs from the manufacturer MTU, which contain mechanical transmissions of the ZF EcoLife type in addition to the drive unit. The one-piece variant is advertised with an output of 565 kW, while the two-part versions have two motors with an output of 390 kW each (two-part). In the three-part variant, motors with 565 kW or 625 kW are installed. All engines meet the Stage IIIb emissions standard and accelerate the railcars up to 160 km / h, depending on the configuration. A motor drives both axles of a bogie . In multi-part vehicles, only the bogies positioned at the ends of the vehicle are driven; There are non-powered Jakobs bogies between the wagon parts .

The Pesa Link allows multiple traction up to three vehicles.

Interior of the Pesa Link in the Czech version

inner space

The interior of the Pesa Link has a low-floor design in the middle part , while the passenger areas at the ends of the vehicle are high-floor. The floor height of the low-floor area can be variably adapted to the platform heights in the corresponding transport networks. Variants with floor heights of 600 mm and 800 mm above the top edge of the rails have already been ordered. The interior design can also be largely adapted to the requirements of the transport company. Each vehicle has a multi-purpose compartment, wheelchair ramps for low-height platforms and a toilet suitable for the disabled. The vehicles can also be equipped with external loudspeakers, so that the destination can be announced with intermediate stops for the blind. Depending on the equipment variant and length, the Pesa Link has different numbers of seats and standing places.

variants

The Pesa Link is offered as a one to four-part multiple unit. The following configurations have been sold or manufactured to date:

variant Series
(operator) 		Number of
cars 		length Installed
power
Link I. 631 (DB) 1 28.65 m 1 × 565 kW
Link II 632 (DB)
844 (ČD)
600 (Regentalbahn)
SA139 (West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Lubusz Voivodeship)
(Niederbarnimer Railway)		 2 43.73 m 2 × 390 kW
Link III 633 (DB) 3 57.13 m 2 × 565 kW, 2 × 625 kW

Orders

Overview

Client operation area Order date Planned start of
deployment 		Actual start of
use 		Link I. Link II Link III total
České dráhy March 2011 at the end of 2012 at the end of 2012 31 31
Regentalbahn Regional train network in Eastern Bavaria December 2011 December 2014 Terminated contract 12 12
West Pomeranian Voivodeship Szczecin - Kołobrzeg 2012 2 2
Deutsche Bahn Advance vehicles 2012 1 1 2
Deutsche Bahn Sauerland network 2013 December 2016 5th August 2018 20th 16 36
Deutsche Bahn Dreieichbahn 2013 June 2016 2nd February 2019 2 + 1 7th 10
Deutsche Bahn Diesel network Allgäu 2014 December 2017 26th 26th
Lubusz Voivodeship April 2013 4th 4th
Niederbarnimer Railway East Brandenburg network 2013 December 2015 June 2016 & January 2019 7 + 4 2 11
Lubusz Voivodeship November 2017 2 2
Koleje Wielkopolskie March 2018 4th 4th
Total: 1 82 50 133

České dráhy

ČD series 844

The Czech railway company České dráhy (ČD) ordered a total of 31 Link II units on March 17, 2011 for CZK 1.99 billion (approx. € 79.6 million). It was contractually agreed that the vehicles would be delivered between September 2012 and January 2014. From 2012 to 2013, test drives took place on the Velim railway test ring ; approval for the Czech rail network was also completed there. The vehicles are used in local transport in the Plzeňský kraj , Karlovarský kraj , Ústecký kraj and Zlínský kraj regions .

Regentalbahn

Link II for the Upper Palatinate Railway

In December 2011, the Regentalbahn ordered twelve Link II vehicles for the regional train network in Eastern Bavaria. These should be delivered from July to September 2014 and be used from December 2014 on the Regensburg - Marktredwitz - Schirnding route. This order, signed on December 20, 2011, had an order value of EUR 31.2 million. The trains with 124 seats should run in the yellow-green design of the Upper Palatinate Railway. The trains should be serviced in the Regental workshop in Schwandorf . The planned start-up date could not be adhered to because approval had not yet been granted. LINT 41 have now been ordered as a replacement and the contract with Pesa was terminated by the Oberpfalzbahn in mid-February 2015. The further use of the vehicles is still open, three of them are now driving with interior fittings adapted to the region in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

West Pomeranian Voivodeship

In 2012 the West Pomeranian Voivodeship ordered the first two vehicles for a Polish customer.

Deutsche Bahn

Three-part Pesa Link (series 633) for Deutsche Bahn in the Pesa plant in Bromberg

At InnoTrans 2012, Deutsche Bahn and Pesa signed a framework agreement for up to 470 Pesa Links, with a possible order value of EUR 1.2 billion. The contract expired at the end of 2018, with only 73 multiple units being called. It comprised one, two and three-part regional railcars for use by DB Regio . DB Regio called up multiple units from the contract for the awarding networks "Sauerland-Netz", "Dreieichbahn" and "Dieselnetz Allgäu". After registration problems with competitor Regentalbahn became known at the end of 2014, Deutsche Bahn stopped calling vehicles from the framework agreement and only ordered diesel multiple units from competitor Alstom for tenders it had won.

In 2012, Deutsche Bahn AG ordered two advance vehicles for testing. This should allow the Link I and Link III variants in Germany to be approved by October 2015. The Link II variant should be approved as part of the order from the Upper Palatinate Railway. At InnoTrans 2014, Deutsche Bahn and Pesa presented a vehicle of the Link I variant (series 631) for the first time.

On September 5, 2013, the Zweckverband Nahverkehr Westfalen-Lippe (NWL) announced that the DB had won the Sauerland network (both lots) and on these routes with 20 two- and 16 three-part multiple units (class 632 and class 633) of the Pesa Link type will operate. The vehicles were ordered with an entry height of 760 mm above the upper edge of the rail in order to ensure a level transition from platform to vehicle at the correspondingly modernized stations in the Sauerland network. The vehicles are also equipped with a ticket machine and sockets for the passengers. Monitors are installed in the vehicles , on which the further course of the journey can be traced.

It was already known from the unsuccessful start of operations on the Regentalbahn in December 2014 that the vehicles exceeded the German clearance profile by a few millimeters, so that approval can only be granted after a corresponding redesign. After the approval and delivery of the two-part vehicles for the Niederbarnimer Railway in June 2016, two two-part multiple units for the Dreieich network were also to be delivered to DB Regio. The vehicles were not accepted by DB Regio, however, because they did not meet the technical requirements in terms of weight and drive. Since then, Pesa has been redesigning the vehicle model again. An early termination option provided for in the transport contract for the Sauerland network in the event of non-production of 75 percent of the vehicles by January 31, 2018 was not used by the Zweckverband Nahverkehr Westfalen-Lippe (NWL). Those responsible consider the replacement concept to be the better alternative until the vehicle is delivered.

A Deutsche Bahn Pesa Link train stops at Winterberg (Westf) station

On May 30, 2018, the Federal Railway Authority granted approval for the two-part multiple units; it was granted for the three-part multiple units on July 30. In the Sauerland network, passenger use of the first two-part multiple units on the RB 52 between Dortmund and Lüdenscheid began on August 5, 2018. In October 2018, the delivery of the two-part multiple units for the Sauerland network was completed, which means that the vehicles can also be used on the other RB- Lines of the Sauerland network were used. The delivery of the three-part multiple units, which are mainly used on RE lines RE 17 Hagen – Kassel and RE 57 Dortmund – Brilon / Winterberg , should also be fully completed by the end of March 2019 . In the first few weeks of operation, numerous technical problems occurred that led to breakdowns and delays, so that replacement vehicles of the 644 series remained in use on the lines at least until August. The drive control and the automatic clutch have software problems that resulted in vehicles breaking down on the open road or not being able to be used after clutch operations. All vehicles should go through a roll cure at the manufacturer Pesa by September 2019 in order to remedy the technical problems. Both series should originally be delivered for December 2016. The delivery delay had to be bridged by a replacement concept with six different vehicle series. DB Regio NRW announced in July 2019 that the persistently poor operational quality of Pesa vehicles had caused a decline in demand in the Sauerland network. In addition to the contractually stipulated penalty payments, the NWL is therefore demanding compensation for the passengers. In March 2020, a representative of the NWL reported at the meeting of the Committee for Economy, Structure and Tourism of the Hochsauerlandkreis that the roll cure over the autumn and winter of 2019 did not improve the operational stability of the vehicles and that new problems arose in addition to the problems that had been solved, so that the vehicles must be reworked again in the manufacturer's works. Furthermore, older replacement vehicles must be used on the lines of the Sauerland network. Between 2016 and 2018, the NWL recorded a decline in the annual number of passengers on the RE 17 and RE 57 lines from 3.4 million to 3 million and stagnating fare income. Furthermore, the NWL speaks of an unsatisfactory punctuality rate and extremely bad failure rates. During 2020, the use of replacement vehicles had to be stepped up, as problems with defective suspensions occurred on the vehicles.

In December 2013, the RMV announced that from June 2016 vehicles of the Link type would be used on the Dreieichbahn . The operator is DB Regio. Nine multiple units - two two-part and seven three-part, including one reserve vehicle - with a contract value of € 30 million have been ordered for this. At the end of November 2015 it was announced that the vehicles would not be available in time. The planned operation began on February 2, 2019.

On August 4, 2014, the Allgäu diesel network was finally awarded the contract to DB Regio Allgäu-Schwaben , starting in December 2017. Since December 2017, 26 new three-part Pesa Link of the 633 series should run in Lot 1 of the first operating stage on the Munich - Kempten - Pfronten route and on the Illertalbahn from Ulm via Memmingen and Kempten to Pfronten, Lindau and Oberstdorf. This deadline could not be kept, so that a transition concept with replacement vehicles had to be introduced. In a second operating stage, the Pfronten - Munich line is to be relocated to Augsburg from December 2020 and an uncontacted line Augsburg - Kempten - Oberstdorf will run with Pesa Link. The first railcar arrived in Kempten on June 23, 2019, and has been used for test drives ever since. The first trips in passenger service were on the Munich - Kempten line.

Lubusz Voivodeship

In April 2013 the Lubusz Voivodeship ordered four Pesa Link IIs.

The Lebus Voivodeship has ordered two Pesa Link railcars for Poland and Germany, which are to be delivered by the end of 2019.

RegioJet

In July 2013 it was announced that the Czech railway company RegioJet would like to order ten Pesa Link IIs for use on the Olomouc – Opava východ railway line . The transport contract was later canceled and the connection continued to be operated by České dráhy, so that the vehicles were never ordered.

Niederbarnimer Railway

A NEB railcar in Löwenberg (Mark) station

On February 12, 2013 the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg awarded the contract for the "Ostbrandenburg Network", which consists of two lots, to the Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn on behalf of the states of Berlin and Brandenburg . For the operation of lot 2 from December 2015, she wanted to use nine Pesa Link (seven two-piece, two three-piece) in addition to Talent multiple units, preferably on the RB 26 Berlin – Kostrzyn. Test drives took place in March 2016. The Federal Railway Authority granted approval on June 3, 2016. Since the manufacturer Pesa cannot give a delivery date for the three-part multiple units, the order for two three-part vehicles was converted into four two-part vehicles, which should be delivered at the end of 2017. Older used vehicles are to be used until delivery in order to be able to offer sufficient capacities again in commuter traffic and to stabilize operations.

A delivery could take place in 2018 at the earliest due to registration and delivery problems. On July 25, 2018, three multiple units were handed over to the NEB. In December 2018, the four subordinate multiple units received the commissioning permit from the Federal Railway Authority (EBA) for operation in Germany. Approval for operation on the Polish network is still pending, but is expected two months later. Use in passenger service was planned from January 2019. At the end of April it became known that the NEB was refusing to accept the four vehicles that were subsequently delivered due to software problems. Unpredictable, implausible errors occur time and again on vehicles. NEB managing director Detlef Bröcker criticized the fact that Pesa refuses to solve the errors on site and threatened legal action. Also, based on experience, the NEB will no longer order vehicles from Pesa.

Since the Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn cannot, as agreed, increase the journeys of the RB 26 between Berlin and Müncheberg to triple traction due to the technical unreliability of the vehicle coupling process, an additional train had to be set up between the two stations from August 2019 to relieve the clock train . In order to stabilize the timetable, regular trains are also run in double traction, the utilization of which does not require this capacity. The NEB workshop receives support from a company with former Pesa employees for faster troubleshooting and the creation of additional skills in troubleshooting. Nevertheless, the vehicles that have been in use since 2016 and the four vehicles that have been delivered have not yet achieved the stability of other vehicles.

Web links

Commons : Pesa Link  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Diesel Multiple Units. (PDF; 1.22 MB) Pojazdy Szynowe Pesa Bydgoszcz SA, September 11, 2012, archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; accessed on March 2, 2015 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i New diesel multiple units for the Dreieichbahn: DB Regio procures 9 links from the Pesa company. (PDF; 971.9 kB) DB Regio AG, Region Hessen, April 1, 2014, archived from the original on April 17, 2014 ; accessed on March 2, 2015 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f DB Regio AG defends Sauerland network: Tendering for regional train lines in the Sauerland network has been decided. ZRL, September 5, 2013, accessed March 18, 2014 .
  4. ↑ Product page from Pesa ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pesa.pl
  5. ↑ a b c d e NEB Ostbrandenburg. (PDF; 3.67 MB) IGEB, September 16, 2013, accessed on March 2, 2015 (Set of slides Rail Transport Weeks 2013 - Passenger Consultation Day for Regional Train Traffic Berlin-Brandenburg September 9, 2013).
  6. ↑ commons: File: SA139-002 bok.jpg
  7. ↑ a b c d e f CD orders Pesa regional multiple units. In: Railway Gazette. April 11, 2011, accessed March 2, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Power for Polish railcars. In: MTU eReport. Tognum AG, April 2012, accessed on October 15, 2014 .
  9. ↑ commons: File: 600-003 Link sprzęg Trako13.jpg
  10. ↑ a b Modern multiple unit sets new standards in the Sauerland network. Deutsche Bahn, June 14, 2018, accessed on June 20, 2018 (press release).
  11. ↑ a b c Link - polski product na europejskie tory. In: pesa.pl. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013 ; Retrieved March 18, 2014 (Polish).
  12. ↑ a b c d Final bid: DB Regio Allgäu-Schwaben wins tender for diesel network Allgäu. (No longer available online.) DB Mobility Logistics AG, August 4, 2014, archived from the original on April 4, 2015 ; accessed on March 2, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschebahn.com
  13. ↑ a b Dreieichsbahn Pesa Link. Retrieved February 3, 2019 .
  14. ↑ NEB - Pesa Link in passenger service. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016 .
  15. ^ A b c Peter Neumann: Regional traffic: Lots of commuters, full trains, no seats. In: Berliner Zeitung . December 16, 2016, accessed January 1, 2019 .
  16. ^ Railway Gazette, March 31, 2018: World rolling stock market March 2018
  17. ^ Josef Petrák: Bude to LINK - PESA podepsala contract na 31 jednotek per ČD. In: www.zelpage.cz. March 17, 2011, accessed on March 18, 2014 (Czech, contract concluded for 31 LINK II).
  18. ↑ References. Railway Research Institute website , accessed February 15, 2015.
  19. ↑ PESA Link II from 2014 between Regensburg and Marktredwitz or Schirnding. In: Bahnaktuell.net. December 16, 2011, accessed March 18, 2014 .
  20. ^ Vogtlandbahn: New vehicles Oberpfalzbahn. Vogtlandbahn GmbH, December 20, 2011, archived from the original on March 18, 2014 ; Retrieved March 18, 2014 (press release).
  21. ↑ eurailpress.de, December 8, 2014: Report about replacement vehicles. Retrieved February 25, 2015
  22. ^ Message from Frankenpost dated February 9, 2015 . Retrieved February 25, 2015
  23. ↑ Answer of the bay. Ministry of Transport in response to a request from MdL Jürgen Mistol in printed matter 17/4728 (PDF) p. 8. Accessed on February 25, 2015.
  24. ↑ The Länderbahn orders new vehicles for the Oberpfalzbahn - in use from spring 2016. Regentalbahn AG, February 25, 2015, accessed on February 27, 2015 .
  25. ^ Jürgen Lorenz: Supply contract with PESA terminated . In: Railway courier . No. 4 , 2015, ISSN  0170-5288 , p. 22 .
  26. ↑ Oberpfalznetz.de, February 26, 2015: Länderbahn pulls the emergency brake ( Memento from February 28, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  27. ↑ Werner Rost: Private Länderbahn pulls the emergency brake. Frankenpost Verlag GmbH, February 27, 2015, accessed on March 3, 2015 : “But what will happen to the Polish diesel trains that have already been built for the regional railway? As the Länderbahn spokeswoman said at the request of the Frankenpost, the contract with Pesa has not yet been canceled. "We are still in negotiations with Pesa," said Hecht. "
  28. ^ Railway Gazette, October 28, 2017: World rolling stock market - October 2017
  29. ^ Railway Gazette, July 1, 2012: World rolling stock market July 2012
  30. ↑ DB awards framework contracts for new diesel multiple units in regional transport to Polish manufacturer Pesa. Deutsche Bahn, September 19, 2012, accessed on September 19, 2012 (press release).
  31. ↑ Eurailpress.de, March 12, 2013. DB: Two Pesa-Link ordered in advance
  32. ↑ Press release Deutsche Bahn, September 24, 2014: Deutsche Bahn and Polish manufacturer Pesa present the first diesel multiple unit Link for DB ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.deutschebahn.com
  33. ↑ Lorenz Redicker: Delay in the Sauerland network - problem with diesel railcars. In: derwesten.de. WAZ, February 3, 2016, accessed February 5, 2016 .
  34. ↑ Rail customers are annoyed by trains that are ready for scrap ( memento from June 20, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) WDR, July 11, 2017
  35. ^ Sauerlandnetz - reporting on the current state of affairs Preparation of the special meeting of the local rail passenger transport associations NWL and ZRL on May 26, 2017 Hochsauerlandkreis, Committee for Economy, Structure and Tourism, May 23, 2017
  36. ↑ 632 606 to Minden . In: railway magazine . No. 8 , 2018, ISSN  0342-1902 , p. 29 .
  37. ↑ Jürgen Kortmann: Recall: Pesa trains not tested under real conditions. In: wp.de. April 9, 2019, accessed April 9, 2019 .
  38. ↑ Commencement of operations and traffic changes in local rail transport for the December 2016 timetable change. (PDF) VRR, November 11, 2016, accessed on June 20, 2018 (draft resolution).
  39. ↑ Sauerlandnetz: The first new PESA vehicles will be rolling from autumn 2018. Deutsche Bahn, July 27, 2017, accessed on June 20, 2018 (press release).
  40. ↑ eurailpress, Sauerlandnetz: Sustainable passenger losses due to multiple unit failures, July 12, 2019
  41. ↑ Pesa: The next problems with the breakdown trains, Westfalenpost, Jürgen Kortmann, March 4, 2020
  42. ↑ Fewer Sauerlanders take the train, Radio Sauerland, March 3, 2020
  43. ↑ Quality report SPNV North Rhine-Westphalia 2019, Competence Center ITF NRW, p. 35, accessed: June 21, 2020
  44. ↑ The old operators are also the new operators. (PDF) RMV, December 17, 2013, archived from the original on December 19, 2013 ; accessed on March 8, 2014 (press release).
  45. ↑ The Dreieichbahn contract signed , RMV press release in April 2014
  46. ^ Stefan Hennigfeld: DB Regio Hessen procures Pesa trains. In: Zughalt.de. March 18, 2014, accessed March 18, 2014 .
  47. ↑ Pesa railcar too late for Dreieich. In: Eurailpress.de. DVV Media Group GmbH, November 24, 2015, accessed on November 26, 2015 .
  48. ↑ cm: DB Regio: Pesa Link for Dreieichbahn. In: Eurailpress.de. DVV Media Group GmbH, January 31, 2019, accessed on February 6, 2019 .
  49. ↑ http://www.deutschebahn.com/presse/muenchen/de/aktuell/presseinformationen/16050972/11_03_DB_Regio_Dieselnetz.html name = "DB-PM-surcharge-Allgau"
  50. ↑ Map of the first operating stage of the Allgäu diesel network, accessed: August 22, 2020
  51. ↑ Map of the second operating level of the Allgäu diesel network, accessed: August 22, 2020
  52. ↑ First LINK for the Allgäu . In: railway magazine . No. 9 , 2019, ISSN  0342-1902 , p. 34 .
  53. ^ Railway Gazette, April 19, 2013: World rolling stock market April 2013
  54. ^ Railway Gazette, November 29, 2017: World rolling stock market - November 2017
  55. ^ Railway Gazette, July 19, 2013: World rolling stock market July 2013
  56. ↑ RegioJet poprvé uspěl na ministerstvu, zajistí rychlíky Brno – Bohumín. Rychlíky připadnou i Arrivě, November 30, 2018
  57. ^ Award of the contract for the Ostbrandenburg network. (PDF; 40 kB) VBB, February 12, 2013, accessed on March 18, 2014 (press release).
  58. ↑ Test drives with Pesa LINK . In: railway magazine . No. 5 , 2016, ISSN  0342-1902 , p. 31 .
  59. ↑ The new Pesa "Link" diesel multiple units for the NEB receive EBA approval for Germany. Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn, June 3, 2016, accessed on June 4, 2016 (press release).
  60. ↑ Axel Witzke: Toothless shark or attractive alternative? In: railway magazine . No. 12 , 2017, ISSN  0342-1902 , p. 49 .
  61. ↑ NEB: Three new links received. In: railway magazine . No. 10 , 2018, ISSN  0342-1902 , p. 28 .
  62. ↑ Germany approval for further link vehicles. Niederbarnimer Eisenbahn, December 21, 2018, accessed on January 1, 2019 (press release).
  63. ↑ Jörn Hasselmann: Why the new trains of the NEB cause problems. Tagesspiegel, April 30, 2019, accessed April 30, 2019 .
  64. ↑ Berliner Morgenpost, Verkehrsverbund announces better offer for RB26, author: Thomas Fülling, date: July 30, 2019
  65. ^ IGEB, Passenger Consultation Day Regional Transport NEB, September 11, 2019