Pacecco De Rosa

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Giovan Francesco De Rosa , better known as Pacecco De Rosa (December 17 or 27, 1607 in Naples - October 1656 there ), was an Italian painter . He is one of the most famous protagonists of Neapolitan baroque painting .

Life

Pacecco was the son of Tommaso De Rosa and Caterina De Mauro, who also had three daughters: Lucrezia, Diana (called "Annella") and Maria Grazia. The father Tommaso was also a painter and taught painting, but only one picture is known of him, a poorly preserved martyrdom of St. Erasmus from 1601 in the church dello Spirito Santo (Naples). Tommaso died in 1610, and his mother Caterina married the painter Filippo Vitale in 1612 , who brought two children into the family: Carlo and Orsola.

Saint Matthew , 1645, Museo di Capodimonte

Pacecco was later also related to other Neapolitan painters by marriage or by marriage : his sister Diana married Agostino Beltrano (and is said to have been the “girlfriend” of Massimo Stanzione ), and Maria Grazia married Juan Do from Valencia ; in addition, Aniello Falcone was the husband of his stepsister Orsola from 1629.

Pacecco was not only a student of his stepfather Filippo Vitale, but also worked closely with him until his death in 1650. Numerous joint works testify to this, u. a. the Madonna of the Rosary with Carlo Borromeo and St. Dominic (in San Domenico Maggiore , Naples) and St. Anthony of Padua prays for Naples (c. 1635, San Lorenzo Maggiore , Naples); also the martyrdom of St. Barbara (in Rome at Finarte, auction on March 15, 1983) and a replica of the same in a Neapolitan private collection.

According to Bernardo De Dominici (1743), De Rosa also did an apprenticeship with Massimo Stanzione and is considered one of his most original students. In addition to these direct influences, Pacecco was also inspired by the classicism of Guido Renis and Domenichino , and thus found his own style of great elegance, which is more modern on the one hand through the Neapolitan tradition of Caravaggism or Ribera , on the other hand from the bright, light-filled colors and clarity Currents is shaped. There are also influences from Artemisia Gentileschi , Simon Vouet , or from his brother-in-law Juan Do. Since Pacecco De Rosa signed only a few works, unsigned pictures were confused with Paolo Finoglia or Francesco Guarino .

Susanna and the Elders , ca.1645, Museo di Capodimonte
Bath of Diana , Museo di Capodimonte

De Rosa's figure ideal was particularly elegant in female figures, with narrow faces and slender legs. It is said that he often used his pretty sisters, who were also known as "the three Graces " (after De Domini, 1743) , as models .

De Rosa created religious scenes for churches and private collectors as well as profane compositions with mythological content, some of them in small format; also numerous small images of saints and Madonnas. His first documented work, St. Nicholas of 1636 in the Certosa di San Martino , is already artistically fully developed, albeit in the style of Stanzione.

Pacecco reached artistic heights in the 1640s and 50s. Masterpieces are: his versions of the Lamentation of Christ (or Descent from the Cross ) in the Certosa di San Martino (in the Quarto del priore) and in the Chiesa della Nunziatella (dated 1646), the Massacre of the Innocents in the Philadelphia Museum of Art and the two pictures Susanna and the ancients and the bath of Diana in the Museo di Capodimonte (Naples).

The painter has now received numerous commissions from important collectors, including a. from Duke Alfonso d'Avalos . An encounter between Jakob and Rachel (formerly in Finarte, 1984) seems identical to a picture described by De Dominici (1743) in the collection of the Duke of Maddaloni . For Santa Maria della Sanità in 1652 he painted the radiant depiction of St. Thomas Aquinas, who received the belt of chastity from angels (signed and dated 1652). The baptism of St. Candida by St. Peter , which he created for San Pietro ad Aram in 1654, is of similar high quality .

Pacecco De Rosa was prematurely torn from life at the height of his artistic creativity and his success during the plague epidemic of 1656 and, as was usual with epidemics, was buried in a mass grave. In 1743, the art connoisseur De Dominici called him a "... great imitator of nature, from which, however, he chose the most beautiful and noble ..."

Art theft in Giugliano

On November 11, 1998 five paintings by Pacecco De Rosa were stolen from the chapel of St. Julianus in the church of Santa Sofia in Giugliano near Naples: the martyrdom of St. Sophia , the martyrdom of St. Julianus , Santa Giuliana in the dungeon , San Deodato abate and San Romito diacono . So far (as of 2019) only two of them could be found, which were 17 years later in 2015 with a collector in Recanati . The two recovered images, the Martyrdom of St. Julian and San Deodato abate , were brought back to the church during the celebrations in honor of St. Julian on January 27, 2016.

Works

Descent from the Cross , Museo di San Martino , Naples

Signed, dated, secured works

Only a few works by Pacecco De Rosa are signed and dated, most of them are religious scenes. Which includes:

  • Saint Nicholas of Bari and the little Basilio , small sacristy of the Certosa di San Martino , 1636
  • The Annunciation , in San Gregorio Armeno , Naples, 1644
  • Lamentation of Christ , Cappella del Crocifisso (right side chapel) of the Chiesa della Nunziatella , Naples, 1646
  • Maria Immaculata with St. Francis of Assisi and Anthony of Padua , in the Chiesa dei Cappuccini by Vibo Valentia , 1651.
  • Saint Thomas Aquinas receives the belt of chastity from angels , in Santa Maria della Sanità , Naples, 1652
  • St. Peter baptizes St. Candida , in the choir of San Pietro ad Aram , Naples, 1654
  • Intercession Madonna ( madonna del suffragio ) with the Guardian Angel and Saints Dominic and Gaetano , parish church of Sant'Agata di Puglia , 1654

In churches

Massacre of the Innocents , ca.1640, Philadelphia Museum of Art (also exists as a replica in Sainte Marguerite, Paris)
  • Madonna della Purità , Chiesa del Divino Amore , Naples
  • Madonna della Purità , crypt of the Cathedral of Salerno
  • Madonna della Purità , sacristy of San Potito , Naples
  • 2 lunettes ( Birth of the Virgin and Presentation of Jesus in the Temple ), in the Cappella della Purità in San Paolo Maggiore , Naples
  • Massacre of the Innocents , picture gallery of the Chiesa dell'Incoronata del Buon Consiglio
  • Martyrdom of Saints Julian and San Deodato abate in the Cappella di San Giuliano in the Church of Santa Sofia in Giugliano near Naples. 3 other pictures lost due to art theft ( Martyrdom of St. Sophia , Santa Giuliana in the dungeon and San Romito diacono )
  • Massacre of the Innocents (replica of the version in the Philadelphia Museum) in Sainte Marguerite Church, Paris

In museums

St. Anthony with the Infant Jesus , National Gallery Prague
Holy Family with little Johannes d. Baptist , private collection, Campania
  • Lamentation of Christ (or Descent from the Cross ), Museo di San Martino , Naples
  • Bath of Diana (or Diana and Actaeon ), formerly Palazzo Reale , now Museo di Capodimonte , Naples
  • Susanna and the Elders , Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
  • St. Matthew and St. Luke , Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
  • The sleeping Venus discovered by a satyr , Museo di Capodimonte, Naples
  • Abraham and the three angels , Museo Civico di Castel Nuovo, Naples
  • Dido and Aeneas (formerly the collection of Alfonso d'Avalos)
  • Judgment of Paris (once the collection of Alfonso d'Avalos)
  • Meeting of Jacob and Rachel , Museo di Capodimonte (in the depot in the Pinacoteca provinciale, Bari)
  • Jesus and the adulteress , private collection, Naples
  • Madonna with St. Louis of Toulouse (1647-48?)
  • Lamentation of Christ , picture gallery by Gesù Nuovo , Naples
  • Joseph and the wife of Potiphar , Collezione Molinari Pradelli
  • Holy Family with the filial John the Baptist , private collection in Solofra
  • Walk to the Calvary , Museo del Sannio, Benevento
  • Flora , Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna
  • Suicide of Lucrezia , Rochlitz Collection
  • St. Sebastian healed by holy women , private collection, Utrecht
  • St. Anthony of Padua with the Infant Jesus , National Gallery Prague
  • Apollon and Marsyas , Collection of the Princes von Colloredo-Mannsfeld, Dobris Castle, Opočno , Czech Republic
  • Finding of Moses , University of Santa Barbara Museum , California
  • Massacre of the Innocents , Museum of Art , Philadelphia

literature

  • Bernardo De Dominici: Vite de'pittori, scultori ed architetti napoletani , III, Naples 1743, pp. 101-104
  • Vincenzo Pacelli: "Giovanfrancesco de Rosa detto Pacecco de Rosa", Paparo Edizioni, Naples, 2008
  • Ulisse Prota Giurleo: “Un complesso familiare di artisti napoletani del secolo XVII”, in: Napoli. Rivista municipale , s. 2, LXXVII (1951), 7-8, pp. 19-32
  • Achille della Ragione: Pacecco De Rosa - Opera Completa , Edizioni Napoli Arte, Naples 2006 (accessed April 7, 2019)
  • Riccardo Lattuada: “DE ROSA, Giovan Francesco, detto Pacecco” , in: Dizionario biografico degli italiani , vol. 39, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome, 1991 (seen April 6, 2019; Italian)

Web links

Commons : Pacecco de Rosa  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Riccardo Lattuada: "DE ROSA, Giovan Francesco, detto Pacecco" , in: Dizionario biografico degli italiani , vol. 39, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome, 1991 (seen April 6, 2019; Italian)
  2. ↑ Other variants of the name or spelling are: Francesco De Rosa, Pacicco or Cicco De Rosa; also Pacecho or (Spanish) Pacheco; sometimes the “de” or “de” is left out. See: "getty.edu" (as of April 7, 2019)
  3. ↑ a b c d Family tree of Pacecco De Rosa in: Achille della Ragione: Pacecco De Rosa - Opera Completa , Edizioni Napoli Arte, here: "Capitolo I: Gli esordi e la fortuna critica" , accessed on April 6, 2019.
  4. ↑ De Dominici, 1743, p. 102; here after: Riccardo Lattuada: "DE ROSA, Giovan Francesco, detto Pacecco" , in: Dizionario biografico degli italiani , vol. 39, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome, 1991
  5. ↑ "... grande imitatore del naturale, del quale però scegliea il più bello, e 'l più nobile, ..." (De Dominici, 1743, p. 103), here after: Riccardo Lattuada: "DE ROSA, Giovan Francesco, detto Pacecco ” , in: Dizionario biografico degli italiani , vol. 39, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome, 1991
  6. ↑ a b Tobia Iodice: "Recupero Quadri della Collegiata di Santa Sofia", October 5th, 2017, on "prolocogiuliano.it" , seen on April 5th, 2019 (Italian)
  7. ↑ "Giugliano. In mostra in sala consiliare le due opere d'arte ritrovate dopo 17 anni ”, December 16, 2015, on: “ internapoli.it ” , seen on April 5, 2019 (Italian)
  8. ^ "Festa di San Giuliano, ecco il program. Mons. Ronca: 'Momento di fede e riscatto' - Triduo di preghiera in preparazione del giorno del martirio del Patrono. I due dipinti del De Rosa ritrovati dopo anni saranno riconsegnati alla chiesa di Santa Sofia. Grande attenzione anche alla salvaguardia dell'ambiente con la messa di don Patriciello ", on: " ilmeridianonews.it " , January 19, 2016 (Italian; viewed April 5, 2019)
  9. ↑ Achille della Ragione: Pacecco De Rosa - Opera Completa , Edizioni Napoli Arte, here: "Capitolo VII: Iconografia sacra" , accessed on April 6, 2019.
  10. ↑ Image on “flickr.com” , accessed on April 6, 2019.
  11. ^ "Massacre of the innocents" on the museum website, accessed on April 6, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME De Rosa, Pacecco
ALTERNATIVE NAMES De Rosa, Giovan Francesco; De Rosa, Francesco; De Rosa, Pacicco; De Rosa, Cicco; De Rosa, Pacecho; De Rosa, Pacheco
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian painter of Neapolitan baroque painting
DATE OF BIRTH December 17, 1607 or December 27, 1607
PLACE OF BIRTH Naples
DATE OF DEATH October 1656
Place of death Naples