Para ice hockey
Para-ice hockey is a disability sport and Paralympic discipline similar to ice hockey . The playing field, clothing and most of the rules of the game are the same as those of ice hockey. The only difference is the locomotion, as the para-ice hockey players do not move on skates , but on small sleds. To accelerate, the players use two short clubs that have spikes at the end . A game is divided into thirds of 15 minutes each.
By 2016, the sport as a sledge ice hockey was (translated sledge hockey ), respectively.
Para-ice hockey is primarily used by physically impaired athletes, in whom the mobility of the lower limbs is restricted. In the national area, however, players without physical impairments can also play.
In Germany , para-ice hockey is organized in the German Wheelchair Sports Association, which also organizes league games.
The sport was developed in Sweden in the 1970s and has been played at the Winter Paralympics since 1994 . In Germany, the first team was founded in Hanover in 1996 . The then sledge ice hockey department of the RSG Hannover '94 played in the mid-2000s as the name partner of the Hannover Scorpions and is now active as the Ice Lions Langenhagen . Regular league matches have been taking place in Germany since the 2000/01 season.
International tournaments
In 1986 the first (still unofficial) world championships took place. Since then a large number of international tournaments have been organized. Para-ice hockey (or previously sledge ice hockey) has been part of the Winter Paralympic Games program since 1994, and official world championships have been held since 1996.
Paralympics
During the Paralympics 2006 in Turin , the German national team made a surprising debut. In the preliminary round, the teams from the USA and Sweden could be defeated, against Japan then a 0-0 victory was enough. With a 3: 4 defeat against the USA, the German team missed the bronze medal in the small final.
The German team could not qualify for the participation in the Winter Paralympics 2010 in Vancouver .
The 2014 Winter Paralympics took place in March 2014 in Sochi, Russia, with German participation. The 12th Winter Paralympics were held in the South Korean city of Pyeongchang .
| year | host | Paralympics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place | 4th Place | ||
| 1994 | Lillehammer ( Norway ) |
 Sweden
|
 Norway
|
 Canada
|
 United Kingdom
|
| 1998 | Nagano ( Japan ) |
Norway
|
Canada
|
Sweden
|
 Estonia
|
| 2002 | Salt Lake City ( USA ) |
 United States
|
Norway
|
Sweden
|
Canada
|
| 2006 | Turin ( Italy ) |
Canada
|
Norway
|
United States
|
 Germany
|
| 2010 | Vancouver ( Canada ) |
United States
|
 Japan
|
Norway
|
Canada
|
| 2014 | Sochi ( Russia ) |
United States
|
 Russia
|
Canada
|
Norway
|
| 2018 | Pyeongchang ( South Korea ) |
United States
|
Canada
|
 South Korea
|
 Italy
|
World championships
So far ten (A) World Championships have taken place under the umbrella of the International Paralympic Committee . In addition, there have been B world championships since 2008 and C world championships since 2016.
| year | host | World Championship | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place | 4th Place | ||
| 1996 | Nynäshamn ( Sweden ) |
Sweden
|
Norway
|
Canada
|
Estonia
|
| 2000 | Salt Lake City ( USA ) |
Canada
|
Norway
|
Sweden
|
Japan
|
| 2004 | Örnsköldsvik ( Sweden ) |
Norway
|
United States
|
Sweden
|
Canada
|
| 2008 | Marlborough ( USA ) |
Canada
|
Norway
|
United States
|
Japan
|
| 2009 | Ostrava ( Czech Republic ) |
United States
|
Norway
|
Canada
|
Japan
|
| 2012 | Hamar ( Norway ) |
United States
|
South Korea
|
Canada
|
 Czech Republic
|
| 2013 | Goyang ( Norway ) |
Canada
|
United States
|
Russia
|
Czech Republic
|
| 2015 | Buffalo ( USA ) |
United States
|
Canada
|
Russia
|
Norway
|
| 2017 | Gangneung ( South Korea ) |
Canada
|
United States
|
South Korea
|
Norway
|
| 2019 | Ostrava ( Czech Republic ) |
Canada
|
United States
|
South Korea
|
Czech Republic
|
| year | host | B world championship | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place | 4th Place | ||
| 2008 | Marlborough ( USA ) |
South Korea
|
Czech Republic
|
Estonia
|
 Poland
|
| 2009 | Eindhoven ( Netherlands ) |
Estonia
|
Sweden
|
Poland
|
United Kingdom
|
| 2012 | Novi Sad ( Serbia ) |
Russia
|
Sweden
|
Germany
|
Poland
|
| 2013 | Nagano ( Japan ) |
Germany
|
Japan
|
United Kingdom
|
Estonia
|
| 2015 | Ostersund ( Sweden ) |
South Korea
|
Sweden
|
 Slovakia
|
Poland
|
| 2016 | Tomakomai ( Japan ) |
Czech Republic
|
Japan
|
Slovakia
|
United Kingdom
|
| 2019 | Berlin ( Germany ) |
Russia
|
Slovakia
|
 People's Republic of China
|
Germany
|
European championships
| year | host | European Championship | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st place | 2nd place | 3rd place | 4th Place | ||
| 2005 | Zlín ( Czech Republic ) |
Germany
|
Sweden
|
Estonia
|
Czech Republic
|
| 2007 | Pinerolo ( Italy ) |
Norway
|
Czech Republic
|
Germany
|
Sweden
|
| 2011 | Sollefteå ( Sweden ) |
Italy
|
Czech Republic
|
Norway
|
Estonia
|
| 2016 | Ostersund ( Sweden ) |
Russia
|
Italy
|
Norway
|
Czech Republic
|
National para ice hockey leagues and championships
Since the 2000/2001 season there has been the German Para-Ice Hockey League in Germany , which was initially called the "German Sledge Ice Hockey League". The German champions are also played here. In Austria you can play para-ice hockey in some clubs.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Self-presentation of the sport by the World Para Ice Hockey Technical Committee. Retrieved December 17, 2018 .
- ↑ Hope for the big breakthrough | olympia.ARD.de. Archived from the original on January 17, 2010 ; Retrieved March 29, 2012 .
- ↑ website of ÖHV for Para-Hockey