Parkinsonia
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Flowers and leaves of Parkinsonia aculeata |
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The Parkinsonien ( Parkinsonia ) are a genus in the subfamily of caesalpinioideae (Caesalpinioideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). It has a disjoint area : the species are native to semi-arid regions of Africa and America .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Parkinsonia species are large shrubs or small trees that reach heights of growth of 5 to 12 meters. They have open, light, thorn-reinforced tree tops . Their bark is green.
In the dry season they shed their foliage. The alternate leaves are double-pinnate with two to six first-order pinnate and numerous small leaflets. They end with a spiked tip. They form after the onset of rains, but usually only persist for a short time. Most of the photosynthesis activity is taken over by the green twigs and branches when it is dry. The stipules are diverse: tiny, scaly or sometimes transformed into thorns.
Generative characteristics
The flowers are in lateral, racemose inflorescences together with small bracts .
The hermaphrodite flowers are (more or less) zygomorphic and five-fold. The five sepals are slightly unequal and overlap like roof tiles. The five yellow or white petals are slightly unequal. The ten stamens are free. The ovary contains many ovules . The stylus is thin.
The legumes contain several (usually one to ten) seeds.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Parkinsonia was established by Carl von Linné in his work Species Plantarum in 1753 . The generic name Parkinsonia honors the English botanist John Parkinson (1567–1629). Synonyms for Parkinsonia L. are: Cercidiopsis Britton & Rose , Cercidium Tul. , Peltophoropsis Chiov. , Rhetinophloeum H.Karst .
The genus Parkinsonia belongs to the tribe Caesalpinieae in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae within the family Fabaceae .
The two to ten (up to 14) species of the genus Parkinsonia can be divided into two groups according to their occurrence in Africa or the New World :
- Occurring in Africa
- Parkinsonia africana Sond. : It is common in southern Africa from Botswana and Namibia to South Africa.
- Parkinsonia anacantha Brenan Person : It occurs in Kenya .
- Parkinsonia raimondoi Brenan : It occurs in Somalia .
- Parkinsonia scioana (Chiov.) Brenan : It is common in East Africa from Djibouti , Ethiopia , Somalia to Kenya.
- Occurring in the Neotropic
- Jerusalem 's thorn ( Parkinsonia aculeata L. , Syn . : Parkinsonia spinosa , Parkinsonia thornberi M.E. Jones ): It is common in the US states of Texas and Arizona , south to Argentina , Galapagos Islands ; it is a neophyte in many areas of Asia, Africa and Australia .
- Parkinsonia carterae Hawkins : It is distributed from western Mexico south to Ecuador .
- Parkinsonia florida (Syn .: Parkinsonia torreyana , Cercidium floridum ): Itspreadsfrom southern California , Arizona and the southern tip of Nevada to northwestern Mexico.
- Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. (Syn .: Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & IM Johnst. ): It is distributed from southern California and Arizona to northwestern Mexico.
- Parkinsonia praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) Hawkins (Syn .: Cercidium praecox (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms ): It is distributed from Mexico south to Argentina .
- Parkinsonia texana (A.Gray) S.Watson (Syn .: Cercidium texanum A.Gray ): It is widespread from Texas to northeastern Mexico.
Most of the American species are known there as “Palo Verde”, Spanish for “green stick” - an allusion to the characteristic green trunk, whose bark takes on photosynthetic tasks.
swell
- Syed Irtifaq Ali: Flora of West Pakistan 54: Caesalpiniaceae . Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1973, Parkinsonia - online with the same text as the printed work , Parkinsonia at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Entry in the Flora of Zimbabwe .
- Ira Loren Wiggins, Duncan M. Porter, Edward F. Anderson: Flora of the Galápagos Islands , Stanford University Press, Stanford 1971, p. 607. ISBN 0-8047-0732-4 , limited preview in Google Book Search
- RK Brummitt, AC Chikuni, JM Lock, RM Polhill: Leguminosae. In: Flora Zambesiaca , Volume 3, 2007. Parkinsonia - online.
Individual evidence
- ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
- ^ Parkinsonia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 26, 2015.
- ^ A b Parkinsonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
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