Passport header
| Passport header | ||
|---|---|---|
 The passport head from the west |
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| height | 2719 m slm | |
| location | Auronzo di Cadore ( Belluno Province ) and Toblach ( South Tyrol ), Italy | |
| Mountains | Sesto Dolomites , Dolomites , Eastern Alps | |
| Dominance | 0.68 km → Paternkofel | |
| Notch height | 340 m ↓ Passportenscharte | |
| Coordinates | 46 ° 37 '25 " N , 12 ° 19' 8" E | |
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| Type | Rock peaks | |
| rock | Main dolomite | |
| Age of the rock | Triad | |
| First ascent | 1889 | |
| Normal way | UIAA I | |
 Map of the passport head and its surroundings |
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The Passportenkopf (also Passportenkofel , Italian Croda Passaporto or Croda del Passaporto ) is a 2719 m slm high mountain in the area of the Three Peaks in the Sesto Dolomites in Italy .
Location and surroundings
The Passportenkopf lies northeast of the Drei Zinnen, from which it is separated by the 2454 m high Paternsattel, on the border between the autonomous province of South Tyrol in the west and the province of Belluno in the north, east and south. The main peak is located southeast of the border on Bellunese territory, the border runs over a 2701 m high pre-peak. The South Tyrolean shares are placed under protection in the Drei Zinnen nature park . The mountain ridge runs to the north and with it the border to the Passportenscharte ( Forcella Passaporto ) and to the 2744 m high Paternkofel . In the west is the Zinnenplateau (approx. 2300 m ) at the end of the Rienz Valley , in the south the Piano di Lavaredo plateau (approx. 2300 m ) and in the southeast the Piano di Cengia (approx. 2200 m ), another flat plateau. Between the main peak and this ridge are several other summit points, including the Torre Pian di Cengia ( 2685 m ), the Campanile Buffa di Perrero , the Torre Quattro Laghi ( 2681 m ) and the Torre Tito ( 2427 m ).
Bases and paths
Important mountain huts in the Passportenkopf area are the Dreizinnenhütte in the north ( 2438 m ), the Auronzo hut ( 2320 m ) in the southwest and the Rifugio Lavaredo ( 2325 m ), located just a few hundred meters southwest of the summit.
The normal route to the Passportenkopf leads pathless from the south to the summit with difficulty level I (UIAA) , with an estimated walking time of around one hour for the ascent. In addition, there are several climbing routes of difficulty levels III to IV on the north, east and west sides . The south-eastern secondary peaks are difficult routes up to VI. Degree developed. Overall, however, the massif is of subordinate alpine importance.
history
The Passportenkopf was first climbed on August 19, 1889 by the mountain guide Sepp Innerkofler and the tourist Hans Helversen via the southern flank.
Until the First World War , today's border between the provinces of South Tyrol and Belluno was the state border between Austria-Hungary and Italy. At the beginning of the mountain war of 1915–1918 , the border line was occupied by Italy. There was fighting at the Passportenkopf on May 26, 1915 in the course of an Austrian offensive on the Italian positions on the Paternsattel, which however failed. The first to climb the Passportenkopf, Sepp Innerkofler, was involved in this operation and monitored it from the Paternkofel. On May 29, the Passportenkopf, like the Paternkofel, was occupied by Italy and held until the Italian troops withdrew from the area in November 1917.
In the 1930s, most of the climbing routes on the Passportenkofel were opened. Later, new developments only took place at the sub peaks to the southeast.
literature
- Richard Goedeke : Sexten Dolomites . Alpine Club Guide . Bergverlag Rother , Munich 1988, ISBN 3-7633-1255-2 , p. 172-177 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Viktor Schemfil: The fighting in the Drei-Zinnen area and on the Kreuzberg near Sexten 1915-1917 . Written on the basis of Austrian war records, descriptions of fellow combatants and Italian works on war history. In: R. Klebelsberg (Ed.): Schlern writings . 2nd Edition. Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 1984, ISBN 3-7030-0170-4 , p. 24-32 .
- ↑ Peter Kübler, Hugo Reider: Battle for the Three Peaks . The heart of the Sexten Dolomites 1915-1917 and today. 4th edition. Athesia, Bozen 1992, ISBN 88-7014-231-0 , p. 23-28 .