Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky

Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky

Pavel Pavlovich Ryabushinsky ( Russian Павел Павлович Рябушинский ; born June 17 ^{. Jul} / 29. June  1871 ^greg. In Moscow ; † 19th July 1924 in Cambo-les-Bains ) was a Russian businessman , banker and politician .

Life

Ryabushinsky was the first son of the old believing entrepreneur Pavel Mikhailovich Ryabushinsky . His mother Alexandra Stepanovna was the daughter of the rich grain merchant Stepan Tarasowitsch Ovssjannikow, who was sentenced to loss of freedom in 1874 for setting fire to a competitor. Ryabushinsky graduated from the Moscow Academy of Applied Commerce in 1890 with a gold medal. In 1892 he bought Sergei Michailowitsch Tretyakov's villa (Gogolewski Bulwar 6) in Moscow , which Alexander Stepanowitsch Kaminski had built in 1871 and where Ryabuschinski lived until 1917. In 1893 he married Al Butikowa, daughter of the cloth manufacturer II Butikow, and in 1896 had their son Pavel. In the late 1890s he began a relationship with the divorced JG Masurina who had three children. In 1901 he got divorced and married JG Masurina, which was initially annulled by the spiritual consistory and only recognized after effort in 1904. In this second marriage he had a daughter Anna and a son Sergei, who died as a child.

Ryabushinki Villa (Gogolewski Bulwar 6, Moscow)

When Ryabushinski's father died in 1899, his property was divided equally between the eight sons. However, the eight sons continued to run the family business together, with Ryabuschinsky representing the family as the eldest. Their most important textile company with around 3000 workers was located in Ujesd Wyschni Wolotschok in the Tver Governorate . The factory had 77,000 weaving spindles and produced cotton cloth for 3.7 million rubles a year. In 1900 part of the building was destroyed by fire, but production could soon be resumed. During the Russian Revolution of 1905 , the factory workers united in revolutionary actions. During a workers' strike in November 1905, the factory director SI Ganeschin was killed and production ceased. In 1906, after major concessions to the workers, production was resumed. In particular, the working day has been reduced from 11.5 to 9 hours. The company continued to expand, so that in 1914 4,500 workers were producing cloth for 8 million rubles.

In addition to the textile business, the brothers increasingly operated forestry , so that by 1917 they had acquired around 40,000 Desjatin forests. In 1906 they bought a paper mill at the Okulowka railway station in Tver Governorate. In 1911 they bought the Zninski glassworks at the Firowo train station .

Ryabushinsky operated extensive financial transactions and participated in foreign companies. He had a high proportion of the company and the Kharkov -Land Bank Oleksiy Altschewskyjs . When Alchevskyi was threatened with bankruptcy and Finance Minister Sergei Yulievich Witte refused aid loans, Alchevskyi shot himself. Then Ryabuschinski succeeded in getting a government loan from Witte for the reorganization of the bank. In 1902 he founded the Ryabuschinski Brothers banking house.

In 1913, Ryabushinsky organized a meeting of the scientists Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky , Vladimir Afanassievich Obruchev and Vladimir Dmitrievich Sokolov , which aroused in him a strong interest in the extraction of radioactive materials with regard to the commercial and scientific perspectives. In 1914 he organized and financed two scientific expeditions to Transbaikalia and the Fergana Valley to search for suitable storage sites . However, rich deposits were not found.

Ryabushinski's political activity began during the Russian Revolution in 1905. At the Moscow Industry and Trade Congress in July 1905, the government's plans for a State Duma were also discussed. While the conservative entrepreneurs, led by Grigory Alexandrovich Krestovnikov and Nikolai Alexandrovich Naidjonow , pleaded for an advisory Duma with very limited powers, others, including Ryabushinsky, called for an empowered parliament . The congress was closed by the government, but the parliamentary supporters continued to gather in Ryabushinski's house. A congress bureau with Ryabushinsky, Alexander Ivanovich Konovalov and Alexei Semjonowitsch Vishnyakov was elected to prepare the All-Russian Industry and Trade Congress. When the election for the first State Duma was announced in the fall of 1905, various business-oriented parties were formed. Ryabuschinski tried to found a moderately progressive party together with Sergei Ivanovich Tschetwerikow and WP Gornung, but it found no support. Ryabushinsky now joined the Industry and Trade Party, which was integrated into the bloc of the League of October 17th . Ryabushinsky became a member of the Central Committee of the Federation on October 17. However, the industrial and trading party received only one seat in the 1st Duma.

In the summer of 1906, the Liberal Party of Peaceful Renewal was founded, whose leaders were Count Pyotr Alexandrowitsch Geiden , Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Stachowitsch , Dmitri Nikolajewitsch Schipow , Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Lvow and Prince Yevgeny Nikolayevich Trubezkoi . When in October 1906, before the election to the Second Duma, Ryabushinsky and others joined this new opposition party from the pro -government Bund on October 17, his two newspapers, Utro and Narodnaya Gazeta , founded in 1907, were banned and he had to leave Moscow for a short time . The Party of Peaceful Renewal had to withdraw its candidates for the election of the II Duma, while in the election for the III. Duma only 8 of their candidates were elected.

In 1916, Ryabushinsky fell ill with tuberculosis . He welcomed the February Revolution of 1917 and in March 1917, with others, founded the Moscow Committee for Social Organization. At the 1st Congress of the All-Russian Industrial and Trade Union in March 1917, he called for the support of the Provisional Government . He opposed the Petrograd Soviet and also financially supported the Union of Officers of the Army and Fleet. He valued Lavr Georgievich Kornilov's plans to seize power. After Kornilov's failed coup attempt, Ryabushinsky went to the Crimea because of his health and refrained from further political activities. He was arrested in mid-September for links to overturning plans but was soon released on Kerensky's orders .

After the October Revolution , in 1918, on the advice of Pavel Nikolayevich Milyukov , Ryabushinsky joined the anti- Bolshevik council for the unification of Russia, which was founded in German-occupied Kiev . In 1919 he emigrated to France . In May 1920 he took part as honorary chairman of the industry and trade congress in Paris and expressed his hope for an economic renewal through the new economic policy of the communist government and a resurgence of Russia.

Rjabuschinski was buried on the Parisian Cimetière des Batignolles .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g} Chronos: Павел Павлович Рябушинский (accessed May 4, 2018).
2. ↑ Рябушинские купцы ( Memento of the original from May 3, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 2, 2018). 
3. ↑ Музей предпринимателей, меценатов и благотворителей: РЯБУШИНСКИЕ - ЦЕЛАЯ ЭПОХА В ПРОМЫШЛИНОЙ (accessed May 1, 2018.
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Ryabushinsky WP : Старообрядчество и русское религиозное чувство . Иерусалим: Гешарим, Moscow 2010, p. 27–34 ( library6.com [PDF; accessed May 3, 2018]).
5. ↑ В.А. Домаренко, Л.П. Рихванов: ОЧЕРКИ ПО ИСТОРИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ РАДИОАКТИВНОСТИ И СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ УРАНОВОЙ ГЕОЛОГИИ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ СИБИРИ . In: Известия Томского политехнического университета . tape 311 , no. 1 , 2007, p. 146–150 ( tpu.ru [PDF; accessed May 3, 2018]).