Vladimir Afanassjewitsch Obruchev

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WA Obruchev
Stamp issue for the 100th birthday of WA Obruchev (Soviet Union 1963)

Vladimir Obruchev ( Russian Владимир Афанасьевич Обручев , scientific. Transliteration Vladimir Afanas'evič Obručev * September 28 jul. / 10. October  1863 greg. In Klepenino , Tver province ; † 19th June 1956 in Moscow ) was a Soviet geologist , Geographer and writer . He is best known as a geological explorer of Siberia and Central Asia.

Life

After attending the secondary school in Vilnius, Obruchev studied at the mountain institute in Saint Petersburg , graduating in 1886. He then undertook research trips to Central Asia, Mongolia and northern China. From 1889 to 1892 he was a geologist at the Mining Authority in Irkutsk . From 1901 he taught at the mining department of the Siberian Technological Institute in Tomsk . Due to the political turmoil, he gave up in 1912. From 1919 to 1921 he was professor and dean of the University of Simferopol and from 1921 to 1929 professor of applied geology and reservoir science at the Mining Academy in Moscow. From 1928 he was a real member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences , whose geological institute and committee on permafrost he headed until his resignation in 1936. In 1937 he led the Russian delegation to the 17th International Geological Congress in Moscow.

He published on the geology of Siberia (also a German-language monograph), Central Asia, ore and gold deposits and the loess problem. He also wrote a four-volume history of the geological exploration of Siberia.

Obruchev was considered one of the most important scientists of the former Soviet Union . He was a hero of socialist work , winner of Stalin and Lenin prizes , honorary president of the Geographical Society of the USSR and author of numerous scientific papers. In addition, he wrote a number of mostly fantastic novels for the youth, in which he let his knowledge of geography , geology and geological history flow. This makes him one of the most important representatives of the early fantastic literature of the Soviet Union.

Literary work

In 1924 he wrote his most popular novel “ Plutonia ”, which can be put on a par with “ The Journey to the Center of the Earth ” by Jules Verne and “ The Forgotten World ” by Arthur Conan Doyle . Using an adventurous plot, he takes up the hollow world theory and uses it for an exciting novel about the history of the earth. In addition, he allows his knowledge of primeval animals to flow into it.

In 1926 the novel "Das Sannikowland " followed, which was to be no less successful and was made into a film in 1972 . This time he took up the hypothesis of a land kept ice-free by volcanism within the Arctic Circle , the existence of which he and a few other Russian researchers had repeatedly considered to be not impossible.

In 1928, in “Gold prospectors in the desert”, he described the life of Chinese miners in Djungaria during the Dungan uprisings . The volume of stories "In der Felsenwildnis Innerasiens" (1951) is a continuation of this volume in terms of time. The loosely strung together stories depict the adventures of a Russian merchant and treasure hunter who roamed Djungary, the Tarim Basin and Tibet in search of gold mines, ruined cities and monasteries at the end of the 19th century .

Honors

bibliography

Novels
  • Плутония [Необычайное путешествие в недра Земли] (1924)
    • German: Plutonia . Translated by Herbert Strese. With illustrations by Gerhard Goßmann . New life (The new adventure, excitingly told # 4), Berlin 1953. Current edition: 2005, ISBN 3-355-01711-6 .
  • Земля Санникова (1926, also as Земля Санникова, или Последние онкилоны)
    • German: Das Sannikowland. Translated by Bruno Pasch. Illustrations by Gerhard Goßmann. New life (The new adventure, excitingly told # 5), Berlin 1953.
  • Рудник «Убогий» (1926)
  • Золотоискатели в пустыне (1949)
    • German: prospector in the desert. Translated by E. and W. Wonsiatsky. With pictures by Joachim Kölbel. Staackmann, Leipzig 1952. Also: With illustrations by Eberhard Binder-Staßfurt . New life (The new adventure, excitingly told # 16), Berlin 1955.
stories
  • Коралловый остров (1947)
  • В дебрях Центральной Азии (1951)
    • English: In the rock wilderness of Inner Asia: Adventurous journeys. Translated by Marie Jacob and Sigrid Hoffmann. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1955.
  • Бодайбо - река золотая (1958)
  • Тепловая шахта (1961, also as Тепло земных недр, unfinished)
  • На Столбах (1986)
Short stories
  • Море шумит (1888)
  • Пустоцвет (1907)
  • Происшествие в Нескучном саду (1940, also as Событие в Нескучном саду)
  • Путешествие в прошлое и будущее (1940, fragment)
  • Солнце гаснет (1946, fragment)
  • Видение в Гоби (1947)
  • Загадочная находка (1947)
  • Полёт по планетам (1950)
  • Завоевание тундры (1961, fragment)
  • Сказание об Атлантиде (1961, fragment)
Essays and autobiographies
  • Сибирские письма (1888-1892) (1893, with Polina Obrutschewa)
    • German: Siberian letters. Introduced by Paul von Kügelgen . Duncker et al. Humblot, Leipzig 1894.
  • Дневники (1899, 2 vol.)
  • Овладение простраством - вступление (1937)
  • Как я стал геологом и писателем (1940)
  • Через горы и пустыни (1955)
  • Воспоминания (1958)
  • Воспоминания о детстве и годах учения (1958)
  • На горной разведке в старое время (1958)
Collections
  • В старой Сибири (1958, articles, memoirs and letters)
  • Путешествия в прошлое и будущее (1961)
  • За тайнами Плутона (1986)
Specialist literature
  • Алтайские этюды (1914)
  • Геологический обзор золотоносных районов Сибири (1915, 3 vol.)
  • Рудные месторождения (1920)
  • Алтаиды (1926)
  • Полевая геология ("Field Geology", 1930)
  • Проблема лёсса (1933)
  • Геология Сибири ("Geology of Siberia", 1938, 3 vols.)
  • От Кяхты до Кульджи. Путешествие в Центральную Азию и Китай (1938)
  • Пограничная Джунгария (1939, 3 vol.)
  • Занимательная геология (1944)
  • Основы геологии (1944)
  • Восточная Монголия (1947)
  • Происхождение гор и материков (1947)
  • Путешествия Потанина (1947, also as Григорий Николаевич Потанин. Жизнь и деятельность)
  • Мои путешествия по Сибири (1948)
  • По горам и пустыням Средней Азии (1948)
  • История геологических исследований Сибири (1949, 5 vols.)
  • Русские исследователи Центральной Азии (1949)
  • Справочник путешественника и краеведа (1949, 2 vols.)

German:

  • About the system of ore deposits (= treatises on practical geology and mining economics. Volume 4, ZDB -ID 501309-4 ). W. Knapp, Halle 1926.
  • The metallogenetic epochs and areas of Siberia (= treatises on practical geology and mining economics. Volume 6). W. Knapp, Halle 1926.
  • Geology of Siberia (= advances in geology and paleontology. Issue 15, ISSN  2700-6530 ). Gebr. Borntraeger, Berlin 1926.
  • The spread of the Ice Age traces in North and Central Asia. In: Geologische Rundschau . Volume 21, number 4, 1930, pp. 243-283, doi : 10.1007 / BF01812805 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Vladimir Obruchev  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Vladimir Obruchev - biography. Retrieved April 24, 2018 (Russian).
  2. ↑ Johannes Walther (Ed.): Leopoldina. Reports from the Imperial German Academy of Natural Scientists in Halle. Quelle and Meyer, Leipzig 1926, p. 264
personal data
SURNAME Obruchev, Vladimir Afanassjewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Обручев, Владимир Афанасьевич (Russian); Obručev, Vladimir Afanas'evič
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet geologist, geographer and writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 10, 1863
PLACE OF BIRTH Klepenino, Tver Governorate
DATE OF DEATH June 19, 1956
Place of death Moscow