Parish Church Nußdorf (Nußdorf-Debant)
The Roman Catholic Nussdorf parish church is one of the two parish churches in the political community of Nussdorf-Debant ( East Tyrol ). It is consecrated to Saint Helena . The church in the district of Nußdorf was first mentioned in a document in 1274 and raised to a parish church in 1785. It belongs to the deanery of Lienz ( Diocese of Innsbruck ) and is under monument protection ( list entry ).
history
Early church history
For centuries, Nussdorf was part of the Dölsach parish , which was first mentioned in a document in 1242. Due to the Patroziniums to St. Martin , however, a much earlier foundation is assumed. In the High Middle Ages, the Dölsach parish comprised the current municipal areas of Dölsach, Iselsberg-Stronach , Nussdorf-Debant, Gaimberg and Leisach as well as the village of Bannberg and was under the authority of the Salzburg Archbishop . The Nussdorf church was therefore for a long time in the rank of a branch church dependent on the Dölsach parish .
The founding history of the Nussdorf Church has not been passed down. Its existence is first mentioned in a document in 1274. In that year Heinrich Suewus from Nussdorf donated a field to the Helen Altar. The foundation should maintain an Eternal Light . In 1355 Katharina, the widow of Friedrich Murgot, who had acquired the Staudach residence , donated Acker, Egarte and orchards in Nussdorf to the church. In the Middle Ages, the Church of St. Helena was a legal entity that could own and buy property. In 1404, for example, a Lienz citizen of the church sold a small estate at the “Maras”. In 1447 the carpenters of the Nussdorf church bought an estate on the Gaimberg for St. Helena. The Zechmeister "Christian Zimmermann under the Freithof" mentioned in the document proves that the branch church had its own cemetery as early as the middle of the 15th century.
After a side altar was consecrated in the Nussdorf church in 1457, Pietro Carlo von Caorle, auxiliary bishop of the Patriarch of Aquileia , consecrated the main altar and choir of the church in 1485 on behalf of the Salzburg archbishop. In 1516 the branch church was consecrated again by Bishop Berchtold von Chiemsee on behalf of the Salzburg bishop. Since major reconstruction work necessitates desecration and, after completion, re-consecration by a bishop, the consecration documents from 1485 and 1516 suggest that the Nussdorf church was rebuilt or expanded between 1457 and 1516.
A church control report from 1524 tells us that the Church of St. Helena had the right to be buried at that time and that the Holy Eucharist was allowed to be kept in the church . During the visit to the Dölsach parish in 1614, it was recorded that the church had a second altar, which was consecrated to the Mother of God. A mass with a sermon was allowed to be held at the patronage festival and the parish festival . The Dölsach Parish Mass Ordinance of 1622 also proves that masses were read in Nussdorf every third Sunday and on individual Thursdays. The pastor in Dölsach was supported in his duties by an assistant priest who mainly looked after the branch churches.
Elevation to local chaplaincy and parish
The reorganization of the parish by Emperor Joseph II also affected the Nussdorf branch church, which on April 16, 1785 was elevated to local chaplaincy with a permanent priest. The chaplaincy district comprised the communities of Obernussdorf and Unterstussdorf. Originally, the chaplain was also supposed to be subordinate to Grafendorf . However, since the place had its own church and the capacity of the Nussdorf church was not sufficient for such a large population, a local chaplaincy was set up in Grafendorf in 1786. Father Christian Drescher from the abolished Lienz Carmelite Convent , who received his wages of 300 guilders per year from the religious fund, was appointed local chaplain of Nussdorf . The construction of the widum for the priest was financed by the communities of Ober- und Unterstussdorf, which committed themselves to the construction of an apartment "with 3 rooms to be heated, 2 chambers, a small cellar, kitchen, herb cellar and food vault". In return, the two parishes received the right of patronage over the chaplaincy. The community representatives expressly rejected a church incorporation of the places Grafendorf, Ober- and Untergaimberg. For this they asked certain houses in the direction of Dölsach and the area of the Debant valley to be closed by the Nussdorf chaplain. Only those Debanttaler houses that were closer to Iselsberg were to be assigned to the local church district.
After Nussdorf had belonged to the Archdiocese of Salzburg for centuries, Salzburg temporarily lost the parishes on East Tyrolean soil to the Diocese of Brixen in 1808 and 1814. In 1818 this became a permanent solution. While it belonged to the diocese of Brixen, the Nussdorf church was raised to an independent parish in 1891, after it had previously been loosely dependent on the parish of Dölsach. In 1921 the parish with the entire East Tyrolean area was decoupled from the diocese of Brixen and placed under the newly created Apostolic Administration Innsbruck-Feldkirch, which was elevated to the diocese of Innsbruck in 1964. Since the village of Debant, which belongs to the parish of Nussdorf-Debant, grew rapidly after the Second World War, the parish vicariate of the Holy Spirit was founded in Debant on September 15, 1967, which belongs to the parish of Nussdorf . The inauguration of the Vicariate Church Debant took place on October 16, 1977. In 2000 the parish vicariate Debant was raised to an independent parish and separated from the parish Nussdorf.
Building
Building history
There is only speculation about the appearance of the original church in the 13th century. The country churches at that time usually consisted of a single nave and a separate round arched choir. Since the church was only a branch church, the building was certainly not large. It has not yet been possible to clarify whether Romanesque masonry is still present in the current structure . The current nave probably dates from the middle of the 15th century, as the consecration of a side altar, which was definitely in the nave, dates back to 1457. In 1485 the polygonal choir and the main altar were completed. In the second half of the 17th century the church appears to have expanded to the west. In 1676 the master builder Veit Schlemmer was paid for his work, in 1682 wood deliveries for the roof truss are documented. In 1692 a new clock was installed on the church tower. The interior was redesigned in the middle of the 17th century. In 1650 the Lienz painter Johann Hofmann the Elder was commissioned to redesign the altar and the tabernacle and to design an altarpiece. In the first half of the 19th century, the interior of the church was redesigned in a classical style.
Building structure
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The church building of the Nussdorf parish church consists of a long house without structure and a detached polygonal choir with simply stepped, broken buttresses and a stepped base. One of the pointed arched windows was bricked up. The walls of the choir jut out over the windows over a hollow. The sacristy was added to the choir, underneath is a chapel room with groin vaults and a small baroque altar. The church tower in gothic form was designed with ogival sound windows, small round windows in gable fields and an eight-sided pointed helmet.
The interior of the Nussdorf parish church was redesigned in a classical style in the first half of the 19th century. It consists of a nave with three bays , with the classicist, flat pilasters with a half-capital in an Ionic shape. Above it is a barrel vault with stitch caps. The choir arch has a round shape. A slightly drawn-in, single-bay presbytery with a 3/8 end and outer walls from the Gothic period adjoins the choir arch. The conical, vaulted cornice begins with the round choir arch and runs around the entire presbytery. In the rear part of the church there is a double gallery on pillars. The curved parapets give an idea of the former baroque design. The formerly pointed arched windows are now closed with round arches.
Design of the interior
The side altars were created by Josef Steiner from Nikolsdorf in the middle of the 19th century , the altar leaves were made by Kaspar Jele from Innsbruck. The main altar consists of columns, an entablature and a top and has a frame that is reminiscent of marble. The altarpiece shows the crucifixion of Jesus Christ with his mother Mary and Saint John. Above this, the oval picture in the essay shows the church patroness Helena. The altarpiece is flanked by statues of Saints Peter and Paul in alabaster setting. The side altars are simple with columns, straight entablature and volute top with putti . The left side altar shows a picture of Mary's coronation framed by two saints indefinite due to missing attributes, the altar picture on the right side altar shows Saint Joseph with the baby Jesus and John the Baptist and is dated to the year 1866. While the left altar statue depicts St. Barbara with a chalice, the second statue is also an indefinite saint figure. Other features of the church are guardian angels in a floating position based on the model of Johann Paterer and a pulpit in Empire style with three reliefs. Vault paintings that were created in 1930 were removed during a renovation. In the choir they showed the Good Shepherd and the Lamb of God, in the nave, Saint Helena finding the cross and the parish worshiping the Mother of God and Christ as King.
The organ of the parish church was probably created around 1700 and could have come from the workshop of the South Tyrolean church builder Siasl. It was originally located in the Carmelite monastery in Lienz and was purchased by the patronage communities for 100 guilders around 1800. The organ has a manual of 3½ octaves and nine registers. The two statues on the organ come from Val Gardena and were acquired by the parish in 1985 from the Senoner workshop.
literature
- Meinrad Pizzinini: East Tyrol. The Lienz district. His works of art, historical forms of life and settlement. Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1974, ISBN 3-900173-17-6
- Nussdorf-Debant in East Tyrol. From the past and present of an East Tyrolean market town. Nussdorf-Debant 1995
Web links
Coordinates: 46 ° 50 ′ 11.4 " N , 12 ° 48 ′ 7.8" E