Debanttal
| Debanttal | ||
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 View of the Lienz basin , behind the Debant valley |
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| location | East Tyrol , Austria | |
| Waters | Debantbach | |
| Mountains | Schobergruppe , Eastern Alps | |
| Geographical location | 46 ° 54 ' N , 12 ° 48' E | |
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| Type | Trough valley | |
| length | 16 km | |
The Debanttal is a northern side valley of the Drautal in East Tyrol . It extends over a length of 16 kilometers in the southern Schober group and is traversed by the Debantbach .
geography
location
The Debanttal extends in the southern Schobergruppe from northwest to southeast. The end of the Debantal valley is bounded by the ridge of the Hochschobers over the Glödis to the southern and northern Talleitenspitze . The eastern border is formed by the ridge that runs from the Talleitenspitze over the Perschitzkopf to the Straßkopf. In the west, the mountain range from the Hochschober over the Schleinitz and the Schoberköpfl borders the Debanttal.
The Hintere Debanttal and almost the entire right-hand area of the Debanttal belong to the municipality of Nussdorf-Debant . Small parts of the right-hand area such as parts of the Neualplseen, on the other hand, are in the district capital Lienz. The left-hand area of the Debantbach belongs to the municipality of Dölsach , but the municipality only extends up into the ridge region in the area of the Krobitzkopf. The majority of the ridge region on the left-hand side of the Debant Valley is occupied by the Iselsberg-Stronach community . The valley itself is accessed by a road that can be reached directly from Nußdorf-Debant and Dölsach. From the access roads, the road leads from the “Zur Säge” inn to the Seichenbrunn car park. From here the road is no longer freely passable, but continues to the Lienzer Hütte .
geology
The Debanttal lies entirely in the area of the Schober group , which consists entirely of east-alpine old crystalline and forms part of the middle- east alpine old crystalline south frame of the Tauern window . The old crystalline of the Schober group is pushed onto the rock layers of the Matreier zone or the Tauern window. The rear Debant valley is divided into two tectonic units. To the south of the Kleiner Barren - Mirnitzbach - Weißwandspitzen line, the ceiling of the sloping hillside complex , which slopes flat to the south, consists of eclogite amphibite-bearing paragneiss . During the Carboniferous , these gneisses were pushed onto a lying complex that contains occurrences of mica slate , graphite slate and hornblende slate . The ridge region of the Schober group between Hochschober, Glödis and Weißwandspitze consists of coarse-block weathered biotite - plagioclase - mica schist.
Morphology and Glaciology
The trough valley of the Debantbach was largely shaped by glaciers, which sank the valley head 1,000 meters deep and planed it into a trough-shaped trough. The trough shoulders of the Debant valley are usually over 2,200 meters, the trough walls drop off steeply. Glaciers also shaped the moraine area around the Lienzer Hütte and the Hofalm, leaving behind rocky humps ( round humps ) and glacier ridges in these areas . Glacier remnants only exist in two areas today, but they are unmoved remnants of the previously existing, large ice surfaces. The larger ice surface, the Viehkofelkees, is located below the Ralfkopf . Another glacier remnant exists east of the Hochschobers. In addition to the ice surfaces, there are also small active, inactive and fossil rock glaciers in the Debant valley . The largest active rock glaciers in the Debant Valley are in the area of the Gössnitz, Weissen and Perschitzkars.
In the rear Debanttal there are also large heaps of rubble that owe their formation to weathering and erosion processes. In particular, frost weathering caused sharp-edged rubble to form, which collects at the foot of rock walls. The formation of debris was favored by the retreat of the glaciers. The Gaimberger Feld is an example of this development.
flora
In the area of the source of the Debantbach, at an altitude of 2,300 m below the Debantgrat, there is a spring corridor, which is characterized by characteristic mosses and plants such as the star saxifrage. In addition to the extensive alpine pastures, the vegetation accompanying the stream is also a gray alder forest that grows around the confluence of the Nussdorf stream at an altitude of around 1,500 m and downwards from the dam at 1,400 m. In the area of the dam, the forest is reforested with spruce , in the lower area of the Debanttal there are gray alder and willow as well as mountain elm . North of Seichenbrunn there is a spring moor with a brown sedge society . The brush grass grows on the dry elevations, while oak fern , marsh marigold and bedstraw grow in the drainage area . The brown sedge swamp contains rare and weakly competitive species. To the south of the shoulder stream there is a fen with beak sedge, and species of dwarf shrub heather grow on the rocks in the moor .
The vegetation in the Debant Valley also includes three types of forest. From the entrance to the valley to the Seichenbrunn car park, there are subalpine silicate spruce forests. Afterwards an altitude of 1,700 m joins from about anthropogenic shaped larch forest on. From the Hofalm you can still see the larch and pine forest . Due to the clearing of the low-yield forests, the tree line is at an altitude of 2,000 m. The natural tree line in the Debant Valley is around 2,300 to 2,400 m. The forest, which is owned by farmers, has largely been preserved in a natural state due to its poor accessibility. The coniferous forests of Debanttals in many areas green alder trains interrupted. In addition, larger areas of green alder bushes can be found on moist water courses and on alpine pastures.
In the transition zone from forest to grassland, dwarf shrub heaths can be found, whereby the Alpine rose heather is particularly common on silicate rock. The alpine roses colonize hollows and slopes with raw humus soils and occur at altitudes of 1,500 to 2,300 meters. In addition to the forest vegetation have also in the area of nutrient-rich, moist soil more quickly, especially around huts and cattle troughs subalpine and alpine warehouses corridors formed. They occur at an altitude of 1,400 to 2,500 meters, characteristic plants are the alpine dock and the great nettle . Through the centuries of human use, there are also various secondary grass communities in the Debant Valley. On steeper slopes, these are mainly Bürstling -Weiderasen in shallow areas comb grass - bluegrass -Weiderasen. Ostrich grass - grass clown grazing lawns - and on steep slopes, Rostseggen mountain mowers, which are mown no more than once a year - are less common on moist lower slopes . Multiple fertilization and mowing can, however Rispengras- orchardgrass -Mähwiese arise. In contrast to the secondary turf communities, alpine turf communities form the only natural tree-free vegetation alongside bogs and dry grasslands. In the Debant Valley, the alpine Krummseggenrasen replaces Bürstling grasslands and dwarf shrub heaths from an altitude of 2,200 to 2,300 meters.
fauna
Due to its secluded location and little tourist use, the Debant Valley is very rich in game and is home to one of the areas of the Hohe Tauern National Park that is rich in red deer . In addition to red deer , roe deer and chamois, there is also a high population of marmots . Ibex from Kals am Großglockner or Heiligenblut also visit the Debant valley sporadically. There are two golden eagle nests in the Debanttal , and bearded vultures can be found occasionally . Also lynx are found in Debanttal.
Agriculture
The pastures and meadows of the Debanttal are mostly cultivated by farmers from Nussdorf-Debant, whereby the farms are outside the actual Debanttal. The majority of the alpine pastures are owned by agricultural communities , which offer the advantage of better machine equipment for the alpine pastures and savings in labor.
tourism
The Debanttal is little developed for tourism and is mainly visited by hikers. The access points are the Wiener Höhenweg in the east, starting from the Winklerner Hütte, and in the west the Lienzer Höhenweg starting at Zettersfeld . Both paths lead to the Lienzer Hütte, the only mountain hut in the Debanttal. The Lienzer Hütte is the starting point for several hiking trails into neighboring Carinthia . The Elberfelder Weg leads over the Elberfelder Hütte into the Gössnitztal , with the Adolf-Noßberger-Hütte and Gradental the Lienzer Hütte is connected by the Adolf-Noßberger-Weg. Furthermore, the Ferdinand-Koza-Weg and the Wiener Höhenweg lead over the Wangenitzseehütte into the Wangenitztal. The Franz-Keil-Weg leads west over the Leibnitztörl to the Hochschoberhütte in the Leibnitztal. The Kalser Lesach Valley can also be reached via Schober, Kalser or Glödistörl.
In addition to mountain climbers, the Debanttal can also be used by cyclists up to the Lienzer Hütte. In winter, the western end of the valley is visited by a few ski tourists. The plan to open up the area from the Schobergipfel to the Debanttal for ski tourism was abandoned due to the high risk of avalanches.
