Kals am Großglockner

Kals am Großglockner
coat of arms	Austria map
Basic data
Country:	Austria
State :	Tyrol
Political District :	Lienz
License plate :	LZ
Surface:	180.31 km²
Coordinates :	47 ° 0 '  N , 12 ° 39'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 0 '13 "  N , 12 ° 38' 41"  E
Height :	1324  m above sea level A.
Residents :	1.130 (January 1, 2020)
Postal code :	9981
Area code :	04876
Community code :	7 07 12
Address of the municipal administration:	Ködnitz 6 9981 Kals am Großglockner
Website:	www.kals.at
politics
Mayoress :	Erika Rogl (List Erika Rogl)
Municipal Council : (2016) (13 members)	4 FOR KALS - Independent Citizen List Kals am Großglockner, 9 WE for Kals - List Erika Rogl
Location of Kals am Großglockner in the Lienz district
Main town Ködnitz with parish church, municipal office and school center (in the foreground on the right)
Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria

Kals am Großglockner is a municipality with 1130 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2020) in the Austrian district of Lienz (East Tyrol) and the third largest municipality in terms of area. The municipality of Kals includes the entire Kals valley and a small part of the Isel valley . The main town of Ködnitz itself is around 30 kilometers north-northwest of the city of Lienz . Economically, agriculture and tourism play an important role in the community, with Kals benefiting from its location on the Großglockner ( 3798  m ), Austria's highest mountain. The community is located in the judicial district of Lienz .

geography

location

Kals am Großglockner is located in the northeast of East Tyrol on the border with Salzburg and Carinthia . The municipality of Kals is located in the middle of the high mountain landscape of the Hohe Tauern and includes the entire Kalser valley formed by the Kalserbach with its side valleys running to the east. These include the Lesach Valley, the Ködnitztal and the Teischnitz Valley. Parts of the Granatspitz Group , the Glockner Group and the Schober Group with a multitude of mountains of more than 3000 m height belong to the municipality . The highest point of the municipality is the Großglockner ( 3798  m above sea level ), the lowest point of the municipality is at the Kalserkraftwerk in Unterpeischlach at 760  m above sea level. A.

Community structure

The municipality of Kals am Großglockner consists of a cadastral municipality of the same name and was divided into nine groups until 1810 . Today the municipality is divided into eleven factions. These are seen from the confluence of the Kalserbach into the Isel in north direction: Unterpeischlach , Oberpeischlach , Staniska (with the hamlet Haslach), Arnig , Lesach (with the hamlets of Pradell and Elleparte), Lana, Ködnitz, Glor-Berg, Großdorf , Unterburg and castle (with Taurer mocking). A district of Kals does not officially exist, however, the district of Ködnitz is often equated with Kals and is thus also indicated by place-name signs.

Land use

Land and land use 2001
Soil type	Size (ha)	%
Unproductive land	7,421	41.1
Alpine pastures	6,337.7	35.1
Forest	3,601.5	19.9
Meadows and pastures	0499.9	02.8
Waters	0137.8	00.80
Construction area	0032.9	00.02
Farmland	0023.3	00.01

The Grossglockner , seen from the Ködnitztal

Due to its high alpine location within the Hohe Tauern, Kals am Großglockner has a large amount of unusable areas, which make up around 41.1% of the municipal area. In second place are alpine pastures , which make up around 35% of the municipal area. Also forests play an important role in the municipality of Kals, with around 20% this type of use in third place. All other surface forms are proportionately of relatively minor importance. Meadows comprise 2.8%, water bodies 0.8% and construction areas 0.02%. Today arable land plays a very subordinate role at 0.01%.

Neighboring communities

Kals am Großglockner is separated in the west from Matrei in East Tyrol by the Granatspitzgruppe . The municipality of Matrei is not only the largest municipality in East Tyrol in terms of area, it also has the second highest population after Lienz and is important as the economic, social and medical center of northern East Tyrol for the people of Kals. The parish church and the elementary school in the Huben district are also used by the population of the southern Kalsertal. In addition to Huben in the southwest, Kals borders in the south along the Isel and subsequently separated by the Schobergruppe on the municipality of St. Johann im Walde . The Schobergruppe subsequently also forms the border to Ainet and Nussdorf-Debant . The border with the Carinthian community of Heiligenblut am Großglockner in the east and with Uttendorf in the north-east of Salzburg is formed by the Glockner group.

mountains

The municipality of Kals is enclosed in the west, north and east by the Granatspitz - Glockner and Schober massifs . The main ridge of the heavily glaciated Glockner group separates the municipality of Kals from the federal states of Salzburg and Carinthia. Here lies the Grossglockner ( 3798  m ), Austria's highest mountain. Other well-known mountains of the Glockner main ridge, which runs from northwest to southeast, are the Hohe Kasten ( 3189  m ), the Eiskögele ( 3426  m ), the Rosmariswandköpf ( 3511  m ), the Hofmannspitze ( 3722  m ) and the Kleinglockner ( 3770  m ). In the south, the Schober group connects to the Glockner group. With the Hochschober ( 3240  m ), the Glödis ( 3206  m ), the Red Button ( 3281  m ) and the Böse Weibl ( 3119  m ) are the most important elevations in the Kals municipality. In the west, the Granatspitzgruppe separates the Kals area from Matrei in East Tyrol. The most important elevations here are the Große Muntanitz ( 3232  m ), the Vordere Kendlspitze ( 3085  m ) and the Kalser Bärenkopf ( 3079  m ).

Rivers

The most decisive river in the municipality is the 21.36 kilometer long Kalserbach , which flows through the Kalser Valley from north to south. In addition, there are its most important valley-forming tributaries, the Teischnitzbach, the Ködnitzbach and the Lesachbach, all of which arise east of the Kalserbach. On the other hand, the brooks rising on the slopes of the Granatspitzgruppe could not form any larger valleys. Due to the mouth of the Kalserbach in the Iseltal, Kals also has a small part of the Isel .

climate

Climate diagram from Kals 1971-2000

Due to the valley location, a closed cloud cover in the Kalser Valley can only last for a short time, as foehn wind from the north or northwest regularly loosens the clouds. As a result, the number of foggy days is comparatively low at 19. 142 days with precipitation contrast with 124 cloudy and 57 sunny days. The lowest annual mean values ​​of the air temperature were measured in Kals with 3.5 ° C, the highest are over 5 ° C. In 1994 the highest value ever measured was reached at 6.1 ° C. In addition, the annual mean values ​​in the 1990s were never below 4 ° C. The annual precipitation in the main town Ködnitz is relatively low with 850 mm compared to higher locations in the municipality. In the area of ​​the Lucknerhütte ( 2250  m ), for example, there is 1,300 mm of precipitation per year. While February and March have the lowest rainfall, June, July and August have the highest amounts. A closed snow cover usually forms from late November / early December and remains in place until mid-March.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Kals Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.5 3.0 6.2 10.0 15.2 18.5 21.0 20.2 16.3 11.7 5.5 1.6 O 10.9 Min. Temperature (° C) -7.6 -7.0 -3.7 -0.2 4.1 7.1 9.2 8.8 5.6 1.9 -2.9 -6.3 O 0.8 Temperature (° C) -3.9 -3.1 0.2 4.0 9.1 12.3 14.4 13.5 9.6 5.5 0.3 -3.1 O 4.9 Precipitation ( mm ) 40 32 43 45 78 103 125 120 80 72 60 49 Σ 847 Humidity ( % ) 56.8 52.6 48.5 48.0 49.7 49.3 48.8 52.8 54.5 59.3 60.8 61.6 O 53.6 T e m p e r a t u r 1.5 -7.6 3.0 -7.0 6.2 -3.7 10.0 -0.2 15.2 4.1 18.5 7.1 21.0 9.2 20.2 8.8 16.3 5.6 11.7 1.9 5.5 -2.9 1.6 -6.3 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Source: ZAMG average climate values ​​1981 - 2010

history

→ Main article : History of Kals am Großglockner

Kals to the Middle Ages

The Kalser Valley was probably visited by hunters and collectors as early as the Paleolithic . The 50–70 ibex skulls discovered in 1975 when a chapel was built, some of which were arranged in a circle around a fireplace, turned out to be the most important site of discovery . The latest finds from 1995 establish a connection to a Mesolithic culture around the time between 9,000 and 5,300 BC. BC. Other important finds in the municipality of Kals are the oldest ceramics in East Tyrol from the Vasi-a-bocca-quadrata culture and a Neolithic stone hammer made from a heart-shaped prasinite stone (around 2000 BC).

During the later Iron Age ( La Tène period ) the area finally came under the influence of the Celts, who at the end of the second century BC. Founded the Kingdom of Noricum . The Celts had lively trade relations with the neighboring Romans and were recognized in 15 BC. The Roman sovereignty over their kingdom. During this period, Kals was probably of importance in terms of transport technology due to its transition on the Kalser Tauern to the neighboring Pinzgau.

Kals in the Middle Ages

The Kals parish church of St. Rupert, first mentioned in a document in 1274

After the Battle of Aguntum in 610 between Bavaria and the Slavs, the Slavs advanced into the valleys of East Tyrol and also settled in the Kals Valley. Romanic sections of the population were able to hold onto leading economic positions for a long time. After losing the Slavic supremacy against the Bavarians put down 769 with the founding of Innichen monastery , the Christianization one. In 811 Charlemagne established the Drava as the diocesan border. As a result, Kals fell into the ecclesiastical sphere of influence of Salzburg, which lasted until 1818. Bavarian settlers increasingly settled in the Kalser Valley from the late eighth century. Despite a creeping Germanization , Slavic was probably also spoken in the Kalser Valley until the 13th century and the Romance language also only slowly died out in the Middle Ages.

In the 11th century, the Duchy of Carinthia, founded in 976, was divided into four districts. The westernmost, called Lurngau , also comprised the Kalser Valley and was subordinate to the Counts of Lurngau ( Meinhardiner ). Meinhard von Görz inherited Tyrol in 1253 and united it with his lands. After Meinhard's death, the property was divided among his sons and Kals fell to Albert II , who divided his property into regional courts and founded the lower court of Kals around 1280. As part of the Lurngau, the duke awarded the Kalser Valley as a fief . As in the entire rule of Lienz, the free pen law applied here as well , which transferred extensive rights to the feudal lord and heavily burdened the population until 1782. Kals was first mentioned in a document on August 19, 1197 in the course of a court day in Patriasdorf, a part of Lienz today , where “Rainardus plebanus de Calce” (Pastor Reinhard von Kals) was named as a witness. In 1274 the Kalser Rupert Church was mentioned in a document. In 1366 the nearby branch church of St. Georg was rededicated.

Kals in the early modern period

After Count Leonhard von Görz's marriage had remained childless, Maximilian I inherited the territory of East Tyrol in 1500 . For lack of money, however, on August 10, 1501, he sold the city of Lienz as well as the regional court and the assigned offices to the family of Wolkenstein-Rodenegg . He himself only reserved the sovereignty. For the farmers in Kals, this meant a continuation of the heavy burdens caused by the free pen law. From the middle of the 16th century, copper mining in Kals experienced an upswing. In 1607 an own smelter was built in Unterpeischlach . A short time later, however, the mining industry in the Isel valleys collapsed again. The rule of the Counts of Wolkenstein Rodenegg also came to an end in 1653 after bankruptcy. The Lienz district court with the Kals court court was subsequently acquired by the Haller Damenstift . The free pen law continued to exist. Protests by the Kals farmers against the high taxes did nothing to change that. After the abolition of the women's monastery in 1783 by Emperor Joseph II , there was at least a slight relief after Emperor Joseph had repaid two thirds of the arrears by decree in 1789.

Napoleonic wars and beginning tourism

After the defeat of the Austrian troops in the Battle of Austerlitz , Austria had to cede Tyrol to Bavaria. However, the Tyroleans did not want to come to terms with the occupation and in April 1809 dared to revolt under the leadership of Andreas Hofer . After a victorious battle at the Lienzer Klause in August 1809, the neighboring Matreier organized renewed resistance against the enemy troops in the winter of 1809. The innkeeper Rupert Groder took over the management of the 150  Kalser riflemen . Due to the threat posed by around 900 Iseltal riflemen, the French concluded an armistice in Unterpeischlach on November 9th . In December, however, the final occupation of East Tyrol by the French took place, who moved into Kals on December 28 and shot his brother Stephan in place of the wanted rifle commander Rupert Groder. Kals was subsequently added to the three newly created Illyrian provinces , but was liberated from French rule as early as 1813.

The Stüdlhütte opened in 1869 in a painting by an unknown painter from 1874

The most urgent problem for the Kalser remained the tax burden from the free pen law. The Bruneck district chief Theodor von Kern succeeded in removing half of all taxes in 1835 and the revolution of 1848 led to the final liberation of the peasants and basic relief. A short time later, tourism began to become an important economic pillar for Kals. In 1855 the first ascent of the Großglockner took place from the Kals side and at the end of the 1860s, after the first ascent of the Großvenediger, increased tourism also began in Kals. With the support of Johann Stüdl , Kals became the leading Glockner valley base and numerous Kalsers found additional income as mountain guides. The connection from Lienz to the Drautalbahn made Kals easier to reach, but only a cart path led into the Kalser Tal. In 1912, therefore, the construction of a road began, which could not be completed until 1927.

Kals in the 20th century

The Dorfertal, a planning area of ​​the energy industry for decades

After the end of the First World War , to which 51 Kalsers fell victim, a wave of flu also caused casualties among the civilian population. The inflation after the end of the war hit the Kalser as self-sufficient, however, less hard. From 1925 on, tourism began to grow again and the transport infrastructure in the Kalser Valley was significantly improved. However, the global economic crisis did not spare the people of Kals either, and the sharp drop in cattle and wood prices led to individual farm auctions. From the annexation of Austria to the German Reich , the population of Kals initially benefited from debt relief measures and numerous subsidies. In contrast to other municipalities, the municipal administration was hardly changed. In the referendum on the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, around 90% (99.73% throughout Austria) voted in favor of the annexation. Due to its self-sufficiency character, Kals was little affected by the rationalization measures, but gradually suffered from ever higher regulations for the delivery of food. The surveillance and suppression of freedom of expression also increased in the course of the war. Despite its peripheral location, Kals was not spared from the bombing war. Glor was hit by an emergency drop in the summer of 1942. In addition, on January 20, 1945, three children were killed on their way to school by a bomb that hit a feeder. 57 Kalsers paid with their lives for their service at the front.

After the end of the war, heavy rainfalls in 1945 and numerous avalanches in winter in 1950/51 led to some major destruction. The investments made in the torrent control and avalanche protection brought more safety, but also work in the Kalser Valley. At the same time, from the mid-1950s, the farming methods of the Kals farmers were switched from farming to cattle breeding. The dispute over the planned reservoir in the Dorfertal , for which ÖVP state and district politicians, the ÖGB and the energy industry campaigned in particular, shaped the history of Kals after 1945 . In a referendum in 1987, however, the Kals population overturned the project, whose final end was announced in 1989 by Energy Minister Robert Graf . With the establishment of the Hohe Tauern National Park , it was possible to sustainably promote gentle tourism.

population

Population development

Population distribution 2001
Large village	331
Lesach	210
Unterpeischlach	183
Ködnitz	156
Castle	099
Oberpeischlach	099
Lana	078
Glor mountain	068
Arnig	042
Lower castle	038
Staniska	034

Population structure

According to the 2001 census, the municipality had 1,338 inhabitants. 96.6% of the population have Austrian citizenship. 98.0% of the population profess to the Roman Catholic Church , 0.8% are without religious belief. The age structure of Kals is significantly younger than the national average. In Kals, 21.7% of the inhabitants are younger than 15 years (total Tyrol: 18.4%) and 59.6% between 15 and 59 years old (total Tyrol: 63.0%). The proportion of residents over 59 years of age is 18.8%, which is the national average (18.6%).

Population development

While Kals had 1,262 inhabitants in 1615, during the 19th and early 20th centuries the population decreased to less than 1,000 as people emigrated from the Kals Valley. In the course of the war and illness, the population fell to just 880 in 1919. This was followed by a continuous increase in the number of residents, so that the population had increased by around 55% by 1971. After a population decline until the 1990s, the number of inhabitants increased noticeably again until 2001. Since then, however, the community has lost residents again due to the emigration from the Kalsertal. By contrast, the birth balance has been almost balanced in recent years.

politics

The municipal council as the highest body of the municipality has 13 seats and is elected every six years in the course of Tyrol-wide municipal council elections. At the same time, the mayor is determined in a direct election , whereby there is no absolute majority for a candidate in a runoff election .

The strongest force in municipal politics has always been the ÖVP , which, like in the entire federal state, does not run as a single party in municipal elections, but as part of several lists related to the ÖVP. The group structure of the ÖVP in farmers , business associations and ÖAAB is partly reflected in the competing lists in the Kals municipal council. The strongest list in the Kals municipal council from 2004 onwards was the Local Farmers ' List Kals am Großglockner (Farmers' Association), which in 2004 reached 42.3% (-4.9 percentage points) and thus lost its absolute majority. With Nikolaus Unterweger, it also provides the mayor, who has headed the municipal council since 1992 and was confirmed in a direct election in 2004 with 86.2%. In the 2004 elections, the local farmers' community of Kals was followed by the Tourism and Economy (Wirtschaftsbund) lists with 22.1% (+ 5.9 percentage points) and the AAB list with 21.1% (+ 3.9 percentage points). In addition to the local farmers, the clear loser in the election was the FOR KALS list - freedom and independence, which lost around 5 percentage points with 14.5%. In the municipal council elections in 2010 , Nikolaus Unterweger was again elected mayor with 64.9%. He entered the municipal council election with the home list Kals am Großglockner , which reached 36.2% and five seats. Unterweger's municipal council list thus lost significantly in 2010 as well. The tourism and economy list saw the greatest increase, increasing from 22.1% to 35.3% in 2010 and achieving four mandates. The list FÜR KALS - Independent Citizens' List of Kals am Großglockner , scored 28.5% and four mandates, also performed well. The ÖAAB and the FPÖ work together on the list for Kals.

How strongly the ÖVP is actually anchored in Kals can be seen from a look at the state elections of 2003, where it achieved 74.04% of the vote.

coat of arms

Blazon :

Five upright black tips united at the bottom on a golden background .

While the four outer tips only extend to the middle of the coat of arms, the middle tip extends to the upper edge of the coat of arms and symbolizes the Grossglockner. On the right edge of the middle tip, the small bellner can also be seen slightly offset.

The coat of arms was awarded to the municipality of Kals in 1978.

Economy and Infrastructure

For economic history and the history of the school system, see: History of Kals am Großglockner

Workplaces

According to the 2001 census of workplaces, there are 64 workplaces in Kals with 168 employees, 109 of whom are employed. The most important branch in the municipality is therefore the hotel and restaurant sector , which with 37 companies (88 employees) provides more than half of the companies. The transport and communication sector with 25 employees and the education system with 19 employees are also of importance . It is noticeable that there is no company in Kals with 20 or more employees. The low number of job opportunities in the community also causes a high rate of commuters. With 39 commuters, 355 residents of Kals are employed outside their home municipality. Around 38% of out-commuters have to do their work outside of the Lienz district.

Agriculture and Forestry

Livestock between 1782 and 1999
Livestock	1782	1952	1961	1971	1983	1999
Horses	42	76	57	12	3	22nd
Bovine	784	1,065	927	730	683	618
Pigs		292	281	260	150	88
Sheep		771	600	428	718	807
Goats		180	41	4th	12	16
poultry		1,025	1,451	1,339	655	264

In 1999 there were a total of 98 agricultural and forestry holdings in Kals, which farmed a total of 11,706 hectares. While 26 companies were in the main occupation and 55 companies in the sideline out. 17 companies were owned by legal entities. The most important source of income for Kals farmers is cattle breeding, with Kals being known for the Kals ox until the 1970s . This was followed by the changeover from Pinzgauer to Simmental cattle and the farmers switched from ox fattening to feeding by feeders. After falling prices and joining the EU, however, more and more farmers began to fatten their beef again. In addition to cattle breeding, sheep breeding and milk delivery also play an important role. The Kals farmers achieved the highest milk quota in 2001, when around 535,000 kg of milk were delivered by 36 farmers . In 2003, the quota fell to around 492,000 kg of milk with only 27 suppliers. Alpine farming, which is still actively practiced by 75% of the farmers, especially in the Dorfertal, is also characteristic of Kals agriculture. Forestry in the municipality of Kals is primarily in the hands of the Kals agricultural community, which was founded in 1972 by more than a hundred members. The main shareholder is the community of Kals with 60%, as this brought the community forest into the agricultural community. The main source of income is the sale of wood, which amounts to 2,000 to 3,000 cubic meters annually  . Due to the decline in fuelwood sales, the agricultural community decided to market wood chips . While the wood chips initially had to be sold outside the municipality of Kals, the East Tyrolean wood chip cooperative now operates two heating plants in the municipality. As the largest partner, the agricultural cooperative delivers around 800 cubic meters of wood chips to the two plants every year  . The Kals sawmill, which was taken over by the agricultural community in 1985, was repeatedly threatened with closure due to high transport costs and falling timber prices.

tourism

Tourism plays a major role in the Kals economy and is coordinated by the Kals am Großglockner Tourist Association (founded in 1953 as a beautification association ). The basis for summer tourism was the first ascent of the Großglockner from Kals in 1855, with tourism taking a significant boom, especially from the 1950s. The growth could be sustained until the 1980s, with the network of hiking trails being expanded from 80 to 200 km between 1960 and the mid-1970s. After a low number of overnight stays in the 1990s, it was possible to increase the number of overnight stays by expanding the winter sports facilities. In 2003 the number of overnight stays was 68,539 winter nights and 78,356 summer nights. The most important factor in summer tourism is hiking and mountaineering , with Glockner tourism occupying a prominent position. The foundation stone for winter tourism was laid in Kals in 1961 with the construction of the Glocknerblick single chair lift .

From 1995 the ski area (Bergbahnen Kals) was significantly expanded and had three four-chair lifts and three drag lifts , as well as around 25 km of cross- country ski trails . What was striking about the tourism structure at that time was the small proportion of commercial operations compared to private room rental companies (only three hotels) and the small size of the businesses. In addition, there was a relatively high proportion of rooms without sanitary comfort. In addition to improving the existing structures, Kals planned to increase the number of beds from 1,520 (2003) to 2,000, which should also secure the economic existence of the Kals mountain railways, which was at risk due to the low occupancy rate. A connection between the ski area and the Goldried mountain railways in Matrei in East Tyrol was created and opened on December 8, 2008 under the common name of Großglockner Resort Kals-Matrei . In 2012 the Schultz Group , which also operates the mountain railways in Kals and Matrei, opened the Gradonna Mountain Resort , a luxurious hotel and chalet complex with around 500 beds right on the ski slope.

In 2008, Kals was one of 17 founding members of the Bergsteigerdörfer -Initiative of the PES in the name of tourism sustainability . However, the construction of the chalet complex outside of the historic town center was not compatible with the criteria of the initiative, whereupon Kals was revoked this seal of quality at the end of 2011.

Transport and infrastructure

With the Felbertauernstraße B 108, the municipality in the south of the municipality has a connection to the higher-ranking road network. The community itself is accessible to traffic via Kalser Straße L 26. This begins in Huben (community Matrei) and runs through the Kals districts of Oberpeischlach, Staniska, Lesach and Ködnitz to Großdorf. While the rear Ködnitztal, which runs to the east, can be reached via a toll road with the Lucknerhaus , the Kalser Dorfertal is only accessible for the owners of the alpine pastures from the Taurer settlement.

Kals can be reached by public transport using the ÖBB-Postbus GmbH buses . Line 4408 connects the municipality up to nine times a day to the district capital Lienz (journey time 48 minutes). The line runs from Großdorf (Kals am Großglockner Taurer stop) via Huben to Lienz train station. The closest connection to the rail network is also in Lienz, around 30 kilometers south-west.

The valley station of the Kals 1 cable car is to the west of the village and leads to the Großglockner Resort Kals-Matrei .

education

The school building opened in 1969 (renovated 2000–2003) in the Ködnitz district houses the elementary school, the new middle school and the kindergarten, which are combined to form an education center. The two-class elementary school attended around 40 children in 2018, whereby the elementary school district almost coincides with the Kals municipality. Only the children from Unterpeischlach are enrolled in the Huben elementary school. The Kals secondary school was founded in 1976 as a branch of the Matrei secondary school and has been run as an independent location since 1994. 46 children attend the new middle school (2018). The main school district is identical to the municipal area. In 1984 a music school was founded in Kals.

safety

While the police do not have their own inspection in the community, there has been a volunteer fire brigade in Kals since 1896 , as well as a local branch of the Austrian mountain rescue service .

Culture and sights

The Gothic St. George's Church on the Kalserbach

Widum

Daberklamm

Memorial to Glockner tourists who died in an accident in the cemetery

Stock mills

See also:  List of listed objects in Kals am Großglockner

The main attractions in the municipality include the numerous churches and chapels that are scattered throughout the municipality. The largest sacred building, the Kals parish church, is in the Ködnitz district and is dedicated to the local saint St. Rupert . The church, which was first mentioned in a document in 1274, is an originally Gothic building that was converted to Baroque style between 1744 and 1770 . The parish church is surrounded by the Kals cemetery , in which there is a memorial for the Glockner tourists who died. Not far from the parish church is the Gothic Widum Kals am Großglockner from 1481, the oldest secular building in the Kals community. The building is of particular importance due to the unusual construction with irregular window arrangement and a steep pitched roof (renovated in 2006). A second important church is located between the Ködnitz and Großdorf fractions. St. George's Church was consecrated in 1366 and has a tower that is relatively high for the small nave .

In addition to natural sights such as the Daberklamm with the Dorftertal and the Dorfersee behind it or the glaciated southwestern slopes of the Großglockner, there are also relics of centuries-old economic structures in the Kalser Valley. An example of this are the last six preserved and restored stock mills on the Kalserbach , which were made accessible to tourists by their own mill association and still grind grain today. Furthermore, a former mine tunnel in Fallwindes and one in Ganotz was opened to visitors.

Arts and Culture

The Kalser Liedgut is preserved by several associations. In addition to the traditional church choir , which was mentioned in a document as early as 1741, and the traditional costume band , which was already playing in the 19th century, the Kals women's choir, founded in 1975, also advocates the preservation of customs and Kals songs. The Kalser Stubenfliegen , founded in 1990, take care of the preservation of old Kalser songs as does the VoKals group created in 2005 . Around 1985, the Volksbühne Kals was founded , which set up a stage in the renovated cinema and stages different pieces every year.

Association

Kals has a wide range of associations (approx. 30 associations). The most important associations are the volunteer fire brigade, the music band and the Kalser Schützenkompanie . There are also u. a. the mountain guide association founded in 1869 , the rifle guild ( target shooting ) and the hunting association, which looks after the 18,000 hectare hunting area in Kals. The band, the rifle company and the flag delegations of the fire brigade, mountain guides and rifle guild participate in the six church processions per year.

Sports

With the Sportunion Kals , founded in 1958 , the community has a sports club with around 250 members. The association is particularly concerned with promoting children and young people. 150 of the 250 members are children and young people. The club is divided into the sections skiing, football, table tennis, stick shooting , volleyball and motor skills . The club has had its own sports field with a sports center since 1988. In 1989 the infrastructure was expanded to include asphalt curling lanes and in 1990 a natural toboggan run with timekeeping.

Honorary citizen

• Johann Stüdl (1839–1925), Prague merchant and supporter of alpinism

Sons and daughters of the church

• Rupert Huter (1834–1919), priest and botanist
• Fabio Wibmer (* 1995), mountain biker

literature

• Maria Eder, Anna Holzer: “Pictures of Life” from Kals am Großglockner 1994.
• Catholic Tyrolean Teachers' Association (Ed.): District Studies East Tyrol . Innsbruck 2001, ISBN 3-7066-2267-X .
• Simon Kurzthaler: History - Art - Culture. Encounters in the Hohe Tauern National Park region. Innsbruck 1997, ISBN 3-7066-2148-7 .
• Hilda Antonia Leimser: History of Kals am Großglockner through the centuries . Kals am Großglockner 1998.
• Louis Oberwalder : Kals. Close to heaven . Kals am Großglockner 2004.

Web links

Commons : Kals am Großglockner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Community website
• History-Tyrol: The story of Kals
• Archive recordings from and about Kals am Großglockner in the online archive of the Austrian Media Library (folklore films)
• 70712 - Kals am Großglockner. Community data, Statistics Austria .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Catholic Tyrolean Teachers' Association (ed.): District Studies Osttirol . Innsbruck 2001, p. 237
2. ^ Louis Oberwalder: Kals. Close to heaven. Kals am Großglockner 2004, pp. 36–38
3. ↑ Martin Bitschnau , Hannes Obermair : Tiroler Urkundenbuch , II. Department: The documents on the history of the Inn, Eisack and Pustertal valleys. Volume 2: 1140-1200 . Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck 2012, ISBN 978-3-7030-0485-8 , p. 403-404, No. 913 .
4. ^ Louis Oberwalder: Kals. Close to heaven . Kals am Großglockner 2004, p. 121 f.
5. ↑ Hilda Antonia Leimser: History of Kals am Großglockner through the centuries. Kals am Großglockner 1998, pp. 94, 128;
   Statistics Austria (PDF file; 35 kB)
6. ↑ 2001 census of Kals municipality (Statistics Austria)
7. ↑ Statistics Austria (PDF file; 8 kB) Population and components of population development 2002–2007
8. ↑ kleine.at Everything open in the Kals mandate struggle , March 12, 2010
9. ↑ Land Tirol (Wahlservice) ( Memento of the original from March 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ↑ 2001 census of Kals municipality (Statistics Austria)
11. ↑ Hilda Antonia Leimser: History of Kals am Großglockner through the centuries . Kals am Großglockner 1998.
12. ↑ Catholic Tyrolean Teachers' Association (ed.): District Studies Osttirol . Innsbruck 2001, p. 237 .
13. ↑ Louis Oberwalder : Kals am Großglockner - close to heaven . Ed .: Municipality of Kals am Großglockner. Kals am Großglockner 2004, p. 242 .
14. ↑ 2001 census of Kals municipality (Statistics Austria)
15. ↑ Louis Oberwalder : Kals am Großglockner - close to heaven . Ed .: Municipality of Kals am Großglockner. Kals am Großglockner 2004, p. 238-242 .
16. ↑ Louis Oberwalder : Kals am Großglockner - close to heaven . Ed .: Municipality of Kals am Großglockner. Kals am Großglockner 2004, p. 244-246 .
17. ^ Louis Oberwalder: Kals. Close to heaven. Kals am Großglockner 2004, pp. 250–255
18. ↑ Panorama map of the Großglockner Resort Kals-Matrei
19. ↑ derStandard.at of August 13, 2013: Wake-up calls in a Glockner village , accessed on February 14, 2016
20. ↑ Ideas - Deeds - Facts, No. 1: Start conference mountaineering villages in the mountaineering village of Ginzling, from 10-11. July 2008 , Austrian Alpine Association as part of the project “Specific Alpine Convention: Via Alpina and Mountaineering Villages”, Spatial Planning-Nature Conservation Department, Innsbruck 2008, p. 4. PDF download ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: Der Archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 7, 2018. 
21. ↑ Christina Schwann: Small and fine mountaineering villages of the OeAV - a successful implementation of the goals of the Alpine Convention. In: Yearbook of the Association for the Protection of the Mountains , 79th year (2014), pp. 165–178.
22. ↑ Naturschutzreferentenseminar 2014. Austrian Alpine Association , July 6, 2014, accessed on November 7, 2018 . 
23. ↑ Simon Kurzthaler: History - Art - Culture. Encounters in the Hohe Tauern National Park region. Innsbruck 1997, pp. 130-133
24. ↑ Sportunion Kals on www.kals.at ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on November 11, 2006 in this version .