Kalserbach
| Kalserbach | ||
 The Kalserbach in the Dorfertal |
||
| Data | ||
| location | East Tyrol | |
| River system | Danube | |
| Drain over | Isel → Drau → Danube → Black Sea | |
| Drain | Dorfersee in the Dorfertal | |
| Source height | 1990 m above sea level A. | |
| muzzle | at Huben in the Isel coordinates: 46 ° 55 '37.74 " N , 12 ° 35' 23.84" O 46 ° 55 '37.74 " N , 12 ° 35' 23.84" O |
|
| Mouth height | 790 m above sea level A. | |
| Height difference | 1200 m | |
| Bottom slope | 56 ‰ | |
| length | 21.4 km | |
| Catchment area | 166.4 km² | |
| Discharge at the gauge Spöttling A Eo : 47 km² Location: 12.02 km above the mouth |
NNQ (22.03.2002) MNQ 1951–2010 MQ 1951–2010 Mq 1951–2010 MHQ 1951–2010 HHQ (17.08.1966) |
1 l / s 240 l / s 2.33 m³ / s 49.6 l / (s km²) 18.4 m³ / s 45 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Teischnitzbach , Ködnitzbach , Lesachbach | |
| Flowing lakes | Dorfersee | |
| Communities | Kals am Großglockner | |
The Kalserbach (also Kalser Bach ) is a brook in East Tyrol and, along with the Tauernbach and Schwarzach, is one of the most important tributaries of the Isel .
The Kalserbach rises as an outflow of the Dorfersee in the Kalser Dorfertal and flows through this valley as well as the Kalser valley . The creek lies entirely in the municipal area of Kals am Großglockner and drains almost the entire municipality with a catchment area of 166.4 km². At Huben the Kalserbach finally flows into the Isel after 21.36 km and overcoming 1200 meters of altitude.
geography
geology
The Kalserbach flows through layers of granite and granite gneiss in the upper reaches . This is followed by crystalline slates , and in the middle reaches a zone of metamorphic limestone . It is only in the estuary that granites and granite gneisses occur increasingly again.
course
The Kalserbach, also known as the Seebach in the upper reaches, rises in the Kalser Dorfertal at the Dorfersee, which is at an altitude of 1990 meters, and flows through coarse-block material of a moraine landscape to the mouth of the Laperwitzbach . Flowing through the trough valley of the Dorfertal, the Kalserbach forms sections of near-natural furcation stretches (branches) which, with the exception of short steep steps, extend to the gorge-like narrowing of the Daberklamm. Then the Kalserbach reaches the Kalsertal in a small area (Spöttling / Tauer), which is largely used for agriculture. This is followed by another gorge route to the village of Burg and then turns into a route with a deepened stream bed and steeper slopes. The Kalserbach is pushed to the right side of the valley in this area by the Großdorfer alluvial cone . Then the Kalserbach reaches the wide valley basin of Kals with the main town Ködnitz, which extends to the gravel area of the Lesachbach. This is followed by an almost 2 kilometer long, largely inaccessible gorge to Oberpeischlach , before the Kalserbach forms a gravel area in the mouth area near Unterpeischlach .
environment
fauna and Flora
The most important landforms on the Kalserbach are coniferous forests and agricultural production areas. The canyon forests in the lower reaches, which are important for nature conservation, are of particular importance. Arised as a relic of a post-glacial warm period, elms and linden trees can be found here , with pines mixed in with them. Similarly significant ravine forests can be found in the Defregger Gorge opposite. In addition, the floodplain landscapes in the expansion area below Kals are of importance, in which there is also an extensive population of the threatened German tamarisk ( Myricaria germanica ). In addition, there are occasional natural sea buckthorn stocks . The valley floor of the Dorfertal is largely used for alpine farming, with the sub-areas also being partially grazed. In addition, spruce , larch and stone pine shape the landscape. Dwarf shrub heaths and alpine lawn communities dominate above the mouth of the Laperwitzbach .
natural reserve
From the Daberklamm upstream, the Kalserbach lies in the outer and core zone of the Hohe Tauern National Park . From a nature conservation point of view, the upper reaches and the tributaries of the Kalserbach have a very high or high potential. Although the lower course of the stream is also one of the rare types of flowing water, its condition is only classified as partially high due to the intensive use of energy. Furthermore, there are considerable hydrological influences in the lower reaches . However, the surrounding area and morphology are only impaired in the more densely populated areas, but the degree of construction up to the entrance to the Dorfertal is considerable. Overall, the Kalserbach is rated very high (especially upstream) to high in terms of nature conservation in over 80% of the route in the Tyrolean nature conservation plan. Of the backwaters, the Lesachbach in particular is classified as valuable.
Bank condition and building measures
The upper course of the Kalserbach from the Dorfersee to the end of the Daberklamm is largely unobstructed. Selective securing primarily serves to protect agricultural areas. After the Kalserbach enters the Kalser Valley , only the few downhill sections and short sections of the road in the leveling area near Taurer are unobstructed or only slightly built up. Here the Kalserbach was built more heavily, especially in the area of Großdorf. The reasons for this are the stream narrowed by the alluvial cone , the steep longitudinal gradient and the high pressure of settlement (sports facilities, settlement). Below from Lesach to Haslach, the left bank in particular remained unobstructed. This is also where the most heavily built-up sections can be found, with bank protection on the right bank in the form of groynes (T groynes) securing the neighboring Kalser Straße . In the gorge section that follows, the Kalserbach finally presents itself again completely unobstructed. In the estuary area, the Kalserbach is separated from the surrounding area by a dam , but a wide gravel area and the strong bank vegetation create a stretch of water that is only slightly influenced in this area.
Water quality
In the upper reaches of the Kalserbaches the water quality is excellent, in the underflow is the water quality class at I-II. While the water quality above Ober- and Unterlesach even reaches quality class I, short sections below Kals only have quality class II-III. The reason for this is a high number of wastewater discharges that flow into the Kalserbach.
economy
Energy use
The Kalserbach is used for energy in both the upper and lower reaches. The most important power plant is the TIWAG Huben-Kien power plant in the lower reaches. About 40% of the total amount of water is withdrawn here and reintroduced about 1,100 meters after the mouth. The remaining water stretch has a total length of 3,874 meters. However, environmentalists criticize the temporary drying up of the Kalserbach in the lower reaches. On the upper reaches (Seebach) there is another small power station below the Kalser Tauernhaus , which is used to supply the house and the community hut there with energy . The amount of water withdrawn just below is 30–40% of the total amount of water in this section and is discharged back into the stream after 350 meters. In addition, there are five water mills in the middle course ("Mühlenweg"); however, the amount of water withdrawn is small.
Web links
- Nature conservation plan for the rivers in Tyrol
- Network Water East Tyrol - Photo of the dried up Kalserbach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (Ed.): Area directory of the Austrian river basins: Draugebiet. Contributions to the hydrography of Austria, issue No. 59, Vienna 2011, p. 13 ( PDF; 3.5 MB )
- ↑ Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management (ed.): Hydrographisches Jahrbuch von Österreich 2010. 118th volume. Vienna 2012, p. OG 327, PDF (12.6 MB) on bmlrt.gv.at (yearbook 2010)