Philip II (Pomerania)
Philip II (born July 29, 1573 in Neuenkamp ; † February 3, 1618 ) was the ruling Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from 1606 to 1618 and is considered the most artistic of the Pomeranian dukes.
Life
On July 29, 1573 Philipp was born in Neuenkamp, later Franzburg , in Western Pomerania as the eldest son of Duke Bogislaw XIII. and his first wife Clara von Braunschweig was born. He grew up in Barth, his father's small residence. Bogislaw, although the second-born son of Duke Philip I was entitled to do so, during the partition negotiations between the Pomeranian dukes in 1569, he renounced the government in the West Pomeranian duchy of Wolgast in favor of his younger brother Ernst Ludwig . To compensate, he received the office of Barth and the possession of the secularized Cistercian monastery Neuenkamp as appanage .
As a child and adolescent, Philip enjoyed the education of a German prince's son of the late Renaissance , which was customary at the time , but his artistic and scientific interests soon went beyond the ordinary. At the age of twelve he already had his own collection of books and pictures. He wrote his first scientific treatises at the age of 17. For Philip, art was not just an expression of princely representation, but an inner need. At the age of 18 he wrote: “It is my pleasure to collect mainly good, exquisite books, portraits of artists and old coins of all kinds. From them I learn how I can improve myself and at the same time benefit the general public. "
In accordance with the customs of his time, he undertook numerous cavalier tours that took him to many European countries and the royal courts there. The conclusion was a two-year stay in Italy, which ended prematurely in 1598 because of the serious illness of the mother . Philip's educator was Martin Marstaller , who also accompanied him on his travels.
Government business caught up with him five years later. In 1603, after the death of Duke Barnim X. (XII.) , His father became the ruling duke in the partial duchy of Pomerania-Stettin, but he may have already felt too old for the government and therefore transferred the governorship to his eldest son Philip . After Bogislaw XIII. Having died in 1606, Philip took over the government in the Duchy of Szczecin independently. In addition to his commitment as a patron of the arts, which will be described in more detail, Philip's reign also stands for the introduction of the peasant order in Pomerania-Stettin in 1616, with which the serfdom of the submissive rural population was established.
On March 10, 1607 he married Sophie von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (* 1579, † 1658 in Treptow an der Rega , her widow's residence), daughter Johann III, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg and his first wife Elisabeth. However, like all the others of the last generation of the Pomeranian dukes, the marriage remained childless, which led to the death of Philip's brother Bogislaw XIV as the last male member of the Greifenhaus in 1637.
Philip's tendency to melancholy was noticeable early on , which was probably reinforced by his sickly constitution. Attacks of gout since the first decade of the 17th century made his life more and more difficult and he withdrew more and more from public life. Neither at the wedding of his brother Franz with Sophia von Sachsen in Dresden in 1610 nor at the enfeoffment by Emperor Matthias at the Regensburg Reichstag in 1613, he could appear personally. A visit to the Gesundbrunnen, newly discovered near Lüneburg in 1612 , did not bring relief either. He died on February 3, 1618 at the age of 44. He was succeeded by his brother Franz .
Art funding
The most important works of art commissioned by Philipp date between 1606 and 1618. These include the epitaph on the tomb of his ancestor, Duke Barnim VI. , in the church of Kenz bei Barth , the so-called vising book with numerous portraits of members of the Pomeranian ducal house, a picture gallery, the large Lubin map of the Duchy of Pomerania , the so-called Meierhof and, as a highlight, of course, the Pomeranian art cupboard that was burned in Berlin during the Second World War , Individual objects of the furnishings have been preserved, which are now in the Berlin Museum of Decorative Arts . The Augsburg patrician and art dealer Philipp Hainhofer was responsible for the procurement and procurement of many of these works of art . Duke Philip had extensive correspondence with him.
We owe Hainhofer, through his diary, a detailed description of the art collections in Szczecin Castle , which he had made during his visit to Pomerania in 1617. Many works of art were still in commission or not yet delivered when the duke died. His brother and successor in government, Duke Franz , evidently showed little inclination to continue the artistic ambitions of his deceased brother to the same extent. He only had the unavoidable commissions carried out, otherwise with Philip's death in 1618 the most important era of “art at the court of the Pomeranian dukes” came to an end. Most of the works of art were placed in the new wing of the Szczecin Palace on the west side of the Münzhof, which was still commissioned by Philipp and completed under his successor Franz.
literature
- Friedrich Ludwig v. Medem: Philip II, Duke of Pomerania and his court. Fragment from P. Hainhofer's travel description . In: General Archive for the History of the Prussian State. Volume 8, Berlin Posen Bromberg 1832, pp. 209–224 ( full text )
- Friedrich Ludwig v. Medem (ed.): Philipp Hainhofer's travel diary, containing descriptions from Francken, Saxony, the Mark Brandenburg and Pomerania in 1617 , In: Baltic studies. 2nd vol. (1834), H. 2, pp. I-XXXII, 1-180.
- Theodor Pyl : Philip II, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 26, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 34-36.
- Oskar Doering The Augsburg patrician Philipp Hainhofer Relationship with Duke Philipp II of Pomerania-Stettin Correspondences from the years 1610–1619 (= sources for art history and art technology of the Middle Ages and modern times 6). Graeser, Vienna 1896.
- Hellmuth Bethe : The art at the court of the Pomeranian dukes . Berlin 1937.
- Dirk Schleinert : The register of Duke Philip II of Pomerania . Finding aids, inventories and small publications from the State Main Archives Schwerin, Volume 10. Schwerin 2004, ISBN 3-9805560-9-3 .
- Barbara Mundt: Duke Philipp II as an art collector and his agent Philipp Hainhofer . In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 3/2009, ISSN 0032-4167 , pp. 38-44.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ NN, “VII. Sophie von Schleswig-Holstein, widow of Duke Philip II of Pomerania, at the castle in Treptow an der Rega ” , in: Baltic Studies (1832 to date), Vol. 1, Society for Pomeranian History and Archeology and Historical Commission for Pomerania ( Ed.), Vol. 1: Stettin: Friedrich Heinrich Morin, 1832, pp. 247–258, here pp. 249 and 258.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Philip II |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Duke of Pomerania-Szczecin |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 29, 1573 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Neuenkamp |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 3, 1618 |