Pizunda
| Pizunda Пиҵунда Пицунда |
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| ბიჭვინთა | |||
| State : |
 Abkhazia (de facto) Georgia (de jure)
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| Rajon : | Gagra district | ||
| Coordinates : | 43 ° 10 ′ N , 40 ° 20 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | 7000 (2008) | ||
| Time zone : | Moscow Time (UTC + 3) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+7 840) 23 | ||
| License plate : | DEP | ||
| Community type: | city | ||
| Mayor : | Beslan Ardsinba | ||
| Website : | |||
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Pizunda ( Abkhazian Пиҵунда / Pizzunda; Russian Пицунда / Pizunda; Georgian ბიჭვინთა / Bitschwinta ) is a city in Abkhazia known as a Black Sea health resort and tourist destination. It belongs to the Gagra Rajon .
Geographical location
Pizunda is located on a cape of the same name in the Black Sea about 25 km southeast of Gagra . The place is surrounded by pine forests, some of which extend to the coast. In contrast to other Black Sea locations, the coast in Pizunda consists of sandy beaches.
history
The first settlement on Cape Pizunda emerged in the 4th century BC. The city of Pitius ( ancient Greek Πιτυοῦς Pityoũs ) in the Colchis region was founded here by the Greeks . At the turn of the 2nd to the 1st century BC The city became part of the kingdom of Pontus .
Towards the end of the 2nd century Pityus became a border town of the Roman Empire and a garrison of the Legio XV Apollinaris until the middle of the 3rd century . A first move by the Borans against the city shortly before 255 failed. In 255 the Borans conquered and sacked the city together with the Goths . The exact dating of the two campaigns in the interpretation of the New History of Zosimos is, however, controversial. The city walls were rebuilt, reinforced by additional towers and also enclosed a canal. Shortly after the walls were completed, the Romans built the oldest basilica in the southwestern part of this canal, which is currently known on the eastern Black Sea coast. A heptagonal apse with a colonnade adorned the large, rectangular floor plan of this early church . Such an architecture was characteristic of Roman memorial churches in honor of apostles or martyrs. In Pizunda, the patronage of the Apostle Andrew is documented very early on . In 325 the bishop Stratophilos of Pityus , who was active in western Georgia, took part in the First Council of Nicaea . In 407, Pityus was the planned place of exile for John Chrysostom , but who died on the forced march there near Comana Pontica in the Asia Minor region of Pontos in the valley of the Iris River . The city of Pityus was chosen because at that time it was the easternmost outpost of the Roman Empire (divided since 395).
In 780 the city became part of the Kingdom of Abkhazia as a Pitiunt . The Genoese trading colony Pizonda existed here from the 14th to the 15th century . From the 17th to the 18th century, the city was under Ottoman rule. In the 19th century Pizunda became part of Russia together with the whole of Abkhazia and thus later also of the Soviet Union .
In the Soviet Union, Pizunda had the status of an urban-type settlement . It gained importance as a health resort from 1960. Pizunda was the favorite vacation spot of state and party leader Nikita Khrushchev . Numerous new buildings were erected and the pine forests that predominated here were significantly decimated. Seven 14 to 15 storey high apartment houses were built directly on the beach. The brisk construction activity in Pizunda continued in the following years.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union , Pizunda has been part of the de facto independent Republic of Abkhazia, although the majority of the international community still regards the region as part of Georgia. In 2007 Pizunda was promoted to town.
Attractions
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One of the most important examples of medieval architecture in Abkhazia is the Patriarchal Cathedral of Pizunda of the Abkhaz Orthodox Apostle Church . The building has been used as a concert hall since the time of the Soviet Union . In 1975, an organ with 51 registers was installed by the Potsdam company (then VEB ) Alexander Schuke and the church interior was furnished with upholstered folding armchairs.
traffic
Due to its location on a headland, Pizunda is about 6 km southwest of the most important Abkhazian road connection, which runs through the country in its full length (part of the Georgian S 1 ) and the main railway line in Abkhazia .
literature
- Šeremet, Pavel / Čania, Izida: Abchazija - strana duši . Vypusk II. Moskva: Partizan, 2008. ISBN 978-5-91114-006-9 .
sons and daughters of the town
- Peyveste Emuhvari (1873–1944), tenth wife of the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II.
- Chibla Gersmawa (* 1970), Abkhazian-Russian opera singer
Web links
- Official website of the place (Russian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Erdkamp (ed.): A companion to the Roman army , Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, ISBN 978-1-4051-2153-8 , p. 246.
- ^ Herwig Wolfram, Thomas J. Dunlap: History of the Goths . University of California Press, Berkeley 1990, ISBN 978-0-520-06983-1 , p. 49.
- ↑ История Пицунды (The story of Pizunda) on the official website of the town of Pizunda
- ↑ Ignacio Ortiz de Urbina: Nizäa und Konstantinopel (= history of the ecumenical councils. Vol. 1, ZDB -ID 533811-6 ). Matthias Grünewald Verlag, Mainz 1964.
- ↑ Léon Parmentier (ed.): Kirchengeschichte des Theodoret , Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1998, 3rd, reviewed edition by Günther Christian Hansen , ISBN 978-3-05-003198-9 , V, 34.
