Polenz (river)

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Polenz
The Polenz Valley immediately above the Lusatian Fault

The Polenz Valley immediately above the Lusatian Fault

Data
Water code DE : 53712
location Germany
River system Elbe
Drain over Salmon stream  → Elbe  → North Sea
source in the Neustadt district of Langburkersdorf
51 ° 0 ′ 42 ″  N , 14 ° 16 ′ 10 ″  E
Source height approx.  398  m above sea level NN
muzzle Association with the Sebnitz to the Lachsbach near Porschdorf Coordinates: 50 ° 56 '35 "  N , 14 ° 8' 6"  E 50 ° 56 '35 "  N , 14 ° 8' 6"  E
Mouth height approx.  150  m above sea level NN
Height difference approx. 248 m
Bottom slope approx. 7.9 ‰
length 31.3 km
Catchment area 104 km²
Discharge at the Neustadt 1
A Eo gauge : 40 km²
Location: 24.3 km above the mouth 		NNQ (06/27/1970)
MNQ 1969/2005
MQ 1969/2005
Mq 1969/2005
 MHQ 1969/2005
HHQ (06/13/1995) 		100 l / s
212 l / s
542 l / s
13.6 l / (s km²)
 8.31 m³ / s
24.5 m³ / s
Small towns Neustadt in Saxony , Hohnstein

The Polenz is the right, smaller source river of the Lachsbach in Saxony and flows through the northern Elbe Sandstone Mountains in a canyon-like valley in the lower section .

geography

The Polenz rises on the German-Czech border between the villages of Langburkersdorf and Nová Víska (Neudörfel near Nieder Einsiedel ) from nine sources, which are located southwest of the 461 m high Roubený (Raupenberg) mostly on German territory and unite at 363  m . The upper reaches of the Polenz forms the natural border between the Hohwald and Saxon Switzerland .

The elongated Waldhufendorf Langburkersdorf, the city of Neustadt in Saxony and the village of Polenz lie on its course to the west .

Below the Hohe Birkigt, the Polenz forms a narrow, deep valley with numerous river loops in a south-westerly direction. The upper Polenztal is part of the Polenztal conservation area . At the Bockmühle near Cunnersdorf are the Märzenbecherwiesen in Polenztal , one of the largest natural occurrences of wild Märzenbecher in Germany and a popular excursion destination in spring.

Near the town of Hohnstein below the Hockstein, the Polenz crosses the so-called Lusatian Thrust , where the Lusatian granite has pushed itself as a tectonic plate over the sandstone layers of the Elbe Sandstone Mountains, sediments of a former seabed near the coast. At this point the shape of the valley changes suddenly from the granite-typical V-shape to a canon-like shape with high, vertical sandstone walls. This change in shape is caused by the different processes involved in the weathering of the two types of rock.

Above the side valley Schindergraben near Hohnstein is the Gautsch grotto as a well-known hiking destination. To the right of the Polenz, the sparsely wooded, narrow rock plateau Ziegenrück stretches, then to the left are the wall lines of the Brand and the deep ground, cut into the sandstone like a gorge, west of Waitzdorf. Above Porschdorf , on the Ochel rock massif between the Frinztalmühle and the Gluto rock formation , the Polenz joins the Sebnitz to the Lachsbach after about 31.3 kilometers .

Tributaries

The most important tributaries of the Polenz are

  • Laubbach, Langburkersdorf
  • Schluckenbach, Neustadt in Saxony
  • Lohbach, Neustadt in Saxony
  • Flemigbach, Polenz
  • Rückersdorfer Bach, below Polenz
  • Bach from Cunnersdorf, at the Bockmühle
  • Goldflüßchen, at the Heeselichtmühle
  • Bärenhohlflüßchen, above the Russigmühle
  • Schindergraben, on the Hockstein
  • Tiefergrundbach, at the Frinzthalmühle

Former mills

Most of the mills no longer exist, some have been rebuilt and serve other purposes.

fauna and Flora

Märzenbecher in the Polenz Valley
Märzenbecher in the Polenz Valley

The Polenz Valley is characterized by the occurrence of rare plants. The nature reserve "Märzenbecherwiesen" is located near the Bockmühle and is the largest wild occurrence of Märzenbechern in Saxony. The Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz has been committed to protecting this rare occurrence since 1928.

In addition to the Märzenbecher populations, the real gooseberry , moon violet , wild garlic , rush wool and silver star can be found along the river .

The cross-border Elbe-Salmon project has existed since 1995, which aims to repopulate the Elbe and some tributaries, including the Polenz, with salmon . This project is successful and has led to the fact that not only trout but also salmon have returned to Polenz. The Langburkersdorf trout and salmon breeding facility was set up for rearing the young fish.

Concentration camp subcamps

At the end of the Second World War, a satellite camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was set up in Gluto for 250 prisoners, who were used for the construction work for the underground relocation object Schwalbe III, which began in the sandstone cliffs near Porschdorf . Machines for the Brüx hydrogenation works were to be manufactured here. In mid-March 1945 the excavation was stopped after earthworks and a few meters of tunnel excavation and twelve of the predominantly Italian prisoners were relocated to the Dachs VII property near Zatzschke . After 21 prisoners unable to work had been transported to Leitmeritz on March 20, 1945, a death march began for the remaining 200 people in the last days of the war, which ended in Oelsen and which around 80 prisoners survived.

Flood 2010

On August 6, 2010, heavy rains began in the Polenz catchment area. The water level rose from normally about 30 cm to 200 cm within 18 hours, which triggered the highest level of alarm 4. Several properties, streets and cellars were under water for a few days.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Topographic map 1: 25,000
  2. ↑ Hydrological Handbook. (PDF; 637 kB) Part 3 - Main aquatic values. Free State of Saxony - State Office for Environment and Geology, p. 40 , accessed on December 25, 2017 .
  3. ^ Mills in Saxon Switzerland
  4. ↑ Märzenbecher lure you into the Polenz Valley. Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz e. V., accessed on September 23, 2014 .

Web links

Commons : Polenz  - collection of images, videos and audio files