Fingerwort

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Fingerwort
Goose weed (Argentina anserina), illustration

Goose weed ( Argentina anserina ), illustration

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Argentina
Type : Fingerwort
Scientific name
Argentina anserina
( L. ) Rydb.

The tansy ( Potentilla anserina L. ; Syn: Argentina anserina . (L.) Rydb ) is a plant that to the subfamily of Rosoideae in the family of Rosaceae belongs (Rosaceae). It is widely known under the scientific name Potentilla anserina L., but according to recent research it is placed in the genus Argentina . It is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .

Common names

Other common names are: anserine , dirt herb gander , Gänsewiß , Grensel , Martin Hand , Silverleaf , Säukraut or cramp herb .

description

Habit, stalked flower and pinnate leaves
Creeping runners with flowers
Habit and pinnate leaves

The fingerweed is a creeping, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches stature heights of only 10 to 20 centimeters. It forms a rhizome up to 20 centimeters long . Creeping runners up to 80 centimeters long sprout from the leaf axils , which bear leaf rosettes at the nodes and drive roots. The stalked basal leaves are interrupted pinnate and 7 to 21 fold. The leaflets are sparsely hairy on the upper side, silvery silky-haired on the underside.

The flowering period extends from May to September. The radial symmetrical and hermaphrodite flowers , standing individually on long stems, have a diameter of 1.5 to 2 centimeters. The bright yellow petals are not fringed.

Numerous single-seeded nuts emerge per flower, which detach from the conical flower base as they ripen.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28 or 42.

ecology

The fingerweed is a widespread rosette plant and a hard-wearing pioneer plant. Its leaves bend up when it is dry, reflecting light and probably also heat.

From an ecological point of view, these are homogeneous "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The flowers are only fully open in the sun. The petals have sap marks inside in the UV range , which are not visible to the human eye. The pollination is carried by various insects. Before it blooms, it also self-pollinates.

There is self-propagation . Frequently, however, there is also random spread through ungulates and sticky spread (with mud) through geese, humans, etc.

Occurrence

The fingerweed is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere . It is common in Central Europe ; it is absent at most in locations in the low mountain ranges and in the southern Alps in smaller areas. It rises in Central Europe to altitudes of 2000 meters. In the Allgäu near Steeg (Tyrol) it reaches an altitude of 1220 m.

The goose weed occurs particularly in nutrient-rich meadows (goose pastures), in fields and along roadsides. It is widespread in fresh pioneer lawns, on paths, banks, in goose-frogs, especially in villages. It prefers dense, moist, nitrogen-rich, loamy-clay soil and also goes on stony ground. After Ellenberg it is a half light plant, nitrogen-rich locations indicating salt ertragend and Trim characteristic species of Gänsefingerkraut- White bentgrass Kriechrasen (Agrostietalia stoloniferae).

It is a crop follower, spread worldwide through displacement and one of the most common and widespread plant species. Because of its salt tolerance, the species has also spread rapidly along the edges of roads, highways and dirt roads in recent decades.

Taxonomy

The Basionym Potentilla anserina was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The fingerweed was placed in the genus Argentina by Per Axel Rydberg in 1898 . This classification, which was not accepted for a long time, was confirmed by molecular systematic studies.

There are two subspecies:

  • Argentina anserina subsp. anserina
  • Argentina anserina subsp. egedei ( Wormsk. ex Hornem. ) Á.Löve & Ritchie . It differs from subsp. anserina due to the lower number of leaflets (7 to 15), which are glabrous and also less hairy on the underside. The number of chromosomes in this subspecies is 2n = 28. It occurs on the coasts of Northern Europe.

use

Phytotherapy

The goose fingerbread cannot be found in the herbal writings of antiquity. This is probably due to the fact that it is not a typical Mediterranean plant, but has its home in Central and Northern Europe. In the 15th century AD, the goose finger herb is mentioned in a herbal book by Peter Schöffer. In Germanic medicine, the goose fingerwort has probably been used for a very long time, which is also indicated by its use in milk, which was very popular with the Germanic peoples.

It is helpful for diarrhea , bleeding and inflammation of the oral mucosa and the gums . The folk medicine uses the cramp herb generally for cramp pains, and the striated muscle (z. B. leg cramps), a. In the meantime, the internal use of goose fingerweed has been scientifically recognized as a supportive treatment for nonspecific diarrheal diseases with cramp-like symptoms, other abdominal and abdominal pain with cramps and menstrual cramps .

The drug is traditionally thought to have antispasmodic properties, so that it is often used against painful menstrual bleeding, even in ready-to-use preparations. This effect is controversial, it has not yet been adequately proven; a corresponding ingredient was not found either.

The leaves are collected and dried for medicinal purposes during the flowering period from May to August. For tea, pour 150 ml of boiling water over a teaspoon of dried herb and let the infusion steep for 10 minutes. Folk medicine also knows how to chew the root, for example in the case of inflammation of the gums. Dry extract from goose foxglove is now available in standardized medicines such as dragees and tea blends in pharmacies.

Ingredients and effects

As therapeutically effective ingredients goose fingerweed mainly contains tannins , bitter substances , mucilage , flavonoids and choline . It mainly has a contracting ( astringent ) effect and also has an analgesic and constipating effect. Other ingredients are anthocyanidins , hydroxycoumarins , phenol carboxylic acids , polyphenols and phytosterols .

swell

literature

  • Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-440-09387-5 .
  • Fingerwort. In: FloraWeb.de.
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 2 : Yew family to butterfly family . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Jiři Soják: Argentina Hill, a genus distinct from Potentilla (Rosaceae). In: Thaiszia. Volume 20, 2010, pp. 91-97 (PDF file).
  2. ↑ Waldemar Ternes , Alfred Täufel, Lieselotte Tunger, Martin Zobel (eds.): Food Lexicon . 4th, comprehensively revised edition. Behr, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-89947-165-2 .
  3. ↑ Medicinal plant: goose fingerweed, Argentina anserina. derkleinegarten.de, accessed on November 29, 2017 .
  4. ^ Sven Dienstbach: Goose fingerkweed. In: Plant world in Langenbach. Heimat- und Geschichtsverein, Weilmünster-Langenbach, 2008, accessed on November 29, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Fingerweed. wildfind.com, accessed November 29, 2017 .
  6. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  7. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  8. ↑ a b Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  9. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 67.
  10. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (=  UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
  11. ↑ Fingerweed. Garten-wissen.com, accessed on November 29, 2017 .
  12. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum . Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 495, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D495%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  13. ↑ Per Axel Rydberg: A monograph of the North American Potentilleae. In: Memoirs from the Department of Botany of Columbia University. Volume 2, 1898, pp. 1-223 (here: p. 259 ).
  14. ↑ PW Ball, Bogumil Pawłowski, Stuart Max Walters: Potentilla L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 39–40 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  15. ↑ F. Losch: Herbal Book. Our medicinal plants in words and pictures .
  16. ↑ Heilkräuter.de: goose finger herb. Retrieved April 19, 2012 .
  17. ↑ Ulrike Weber-Fina: Gänsefingerkraut - the "convulsive herb". In: PTA Today. Retrieved January 24, 2020 .
  18. ↑ Goose fingerweed: effect and use of the medicinal plant. In: T-Online. May 9, 2014, accessed January 24, 2020 .
  19. ↑ Ernst Schneider: Gänsefingerkraut - a treat for the stomach and intestines. In: Deutsche Apotheker-Zeitung. April 23, 2015, accessed January 24, 2020 .
  20. ↑ a b Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder: The new manual of medicinal plants. Botany, medicinal drugs, active ingredients applications. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12932-6 .
  21. ↑ Diana Klewinghaus: Goose Fingerweed Tea: Effect and Application. In: Focus practical tips. July 20, 2019, accessed January 24, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Monika Schulte-Löbbert: Goose fingerweed. In: Pharmaceutical newspaper. June 24, 2011, accessed January 24, 2020 .

further reading

  • Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: A systematic revision of Potentilla L. Section Leptostylae (Rosaceae) in the Himalaya and adjacent regions. In: Bulletin. University Museum, University of Tokyo. Volume 39, No. 3, 1999, pp. 31-117 (online) .
  • Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Potentilla sect. Leptostylae (Th. Wolf) TT Yü & CL Li. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , pp. 298 (English, online - PDF file ).

Web links

Commons : Goose weed ( Argentina anserina )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files