Povidone iodine

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Structural formula
Structural formula of povidone iodine
General
Surname Povidone iodine
other names
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-iodine)
  • Poly (1- (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) ethylene) iodine complex
CAS number 25655-41-8
Monomers / partial structures Vinyl pyrrolidone , iodine
ATC code
Brief description

yellowish to red-brown powder with a characteristic odor

Drug information
Drug class

antiseptic

properties
Physical state

firmly

Melting point

300 ° C

safety instructions
Please note the restricted labeling requirements for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: no H-phrases
P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data

8100 mg kg −1 ( LD 50mouseoral )

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Povidone-iodine ( PVP-iodine, PVI, PVJ, iodophor or poly (1- (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) ethylene) iodine complex ) is a water-soluble complex of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, povidone), which is used as a disinfectant or antiseptic is used.

structure

Hydrogen triiodide (H + I 3 - ) acts as an ion pair within the povidone. The iodide appears to be bound in such a way that the proton is bound to the carbonyl groups of two pyrrolidone rings via short bonds , while the triiodide anion is ionically bound to the cation. The positive charge is distributed over the -NCOHOCN bonds of the pyrrolidone rings. The left structural part (n) shows the part complexed with iodine, the right part (m) the non-complexed part of the chain, where n / m = 1/18, i.e. That is, one complexed part of the polymer chain comes to 18 uncomplexed parts.

application

A 10% aqueous solution of povidone iodine is used topically as a bactericidal , fungicidal , germicidal , sporocidal and virucidal disinfectant. Its spectrum of activity is similar to that of tincture of iodine , but it is more compatible with the skin and mucous membranes. 3% povidone iodine (PVP-I) as a liposomal hydrogel shows a significantly superior effect in wound care compared to conventional PVP-I formulations.

Wound disinfection with povidone iodine, covered with gauze .
Povidone iodine is applied to an abrasion with a cotton swab.

Compared to modern wound antiseptics (e.g. polyhexanide solution or octenidine ), PVP-iodine has no known gaps in its effectiveness. The rapid onset of microbiocidal action - without organic pollution in vitro within 30 seconds - and the good tissue compatibility make PVP-iodine the “active ingredient of choice for short-term use in infections or soiled traumatic acute wounds”, with polyhexanide and octenidine being “fundamentally equivalent “[In relation to the use on acute infected or colonized wounds].

Nevertheless, compared to modern wound antiseptics, PVP-iodine has various disadvantages that limit its possible uses. So rare allergic reactions and systemic side effects (eg. B. occur hyperthyroidism ), for which reason PVP-iodine, for example, not in patients (with hyperthyroid is to be used) thyroid disease. Also during pregnancy, breastfeeding and in babies up to 6 months of age, the application should be carefully considered and, if necessary, the thyroid function should be checked. The use of a 2.5% povidone iodine solution in newborns with the application of one drop per eye immediately after birth for the prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum ( Credé prophylaxis ) is seen as harmless. In addition, the brown color of the preparation makes it difficult to assess the wound. After all, iodine is inactivated by contact with blood, pus and wound exudate (so-called protein defects ), which impairs the disinfecting effect and the inspection of the wound margins due to the inevitable dark skin discoloration and thus brought the preparation into criticism decades ago: there are also resistances common problem germs like Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . In addition, iodine impairs wound healing through the cytotoxicity of the regenerating cells. These disadvantages have been known for a long time and have partly contributed to the replacement of PVP-iodine in wound care with other antiseptics .

In some cases, antiseptics are not recommended for outpatient therapy: "The application of antiseptics ... ointments ... is not a therapy, but only leads to the masking of the visible symptoms of the infection and is therefore wrong."

Trade names

Monopreparations
Betadine (ES, CH, I, NL), Betadona (A), Betaisodona (D, A), Braunol (D, A, CH), Braunosan (CH), Braunovidon (D, A, CH), Destrobac (CH) , Freka-Cid (D), Inadine (D), Jodoplex (CH), Polydona (D), Polysept (D), Sepso J solution and ointment (D), Topionic (ES), Traumasept (D), Wundesin (A ), Repithelium (D), betadine (F)
Combination preparations
Betaseptic (D, A, CH), Braunoderm (D, A, CH)

Individual evidence

  1. a b Data sheet povidone iodine from Acros, accessed on February 20, 2010.
  2. Data poly (vinylpyrrolidone) -Iodine complex at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on 29 May 2011 ( PDF ).
  3. Entry on povidone-iodine in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), accessed on September 15, 2017.
  4. HU Schenck, P. Simak, E. Haedicke: Structure of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (povidone-iodine). In: J Pharm Sci . Volume 68, No. 12, 1979, pp. 1505-1509. PMID 529040 .
  5. ^ Bode-Chemie ( Memento from September 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive ).
  6. ^ Curt Hunnius, Hermann PT Ammon: Hunnius Pharmaceutical Dictionary. 8th edition. de Gruyter.
  7. Karen Reimer, PM Vogt, Bianca Broegmann, J. Hauser, O. Rossbach, A. Kramer, P. Rudolph, B. Bosse, H. Schreier, W. Fleischer: An Innovative Topical Drug Formulation for Wound Healing and Infection Treatment: In vitro and in vivo Investigations of a Povidone-Iodine Liposome Hydrogel . In: Dermatology . tape 201 , no. 3 , 2000, pp. 235-241 , doi : 10.1159 / 000018494 .
  8. a b A. Kramer et al.: Consensus recommendation on the selection of active ingredients for wound antisepsis. (PDF; 106 kB) (No longer available online.) 2004, archived from the original on July 14, 2014 ; Retrieved February 22, 2011 .
  9. Prophylaxis of Ophthalmia neonatorum ( Memento from July 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), article on universimed.com, accessed on June 7, 2014 (PDF; 57.7 kB).
  10. Jörg Carls, Ludger Kirsch: Wundantiseptika - Kaliseife gegen Iodophor: A comparison . In: D. Clemens, G. Rompe (Ed.): Orthopädische Praxis . tape 39 , no. 12 . ML Verlag, Uelzen December 2003, p. 762-766 .
  11. M. Bischoff, A. Beck: The infected wound - therapy recommendations for the use of antiseptics . In: Paul Hartmann AG (Ed.): HARTMANN WundForum . No. 2 . Wahl-Druck, Aalen 2001, p. 10-15 .
  12. W. Lineaweaver, D. Howard, D. Soucy, S. McMorris, C. Freemann, C. Crain, J. Robertson, T. Rumley: Topical antimicrobial toxicity . In: American Medical Association; Central Surgical Association; Western Surgical Association; International Cardiovascular Society, American Medical Association (Ed.): Archives of Surgery . tape 120 . Chicago 1985, p. 267-270 .
  13. K. Protz (Ed.): Modern wound care . 4th edition. Elsevier Germany Munich, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-437-27881-5 , pp. 133 .
  14. H.-W. Stedtfeld, H. Rieger: Wound and wound treatment . Ed .: E. Brug, H. Rieger, M. Strobel. 2nd Edition. Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, Cologne 1994, ISBN 3-7691-0301-7 , p. 43-48 .