Praun (patrician)

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The coat of arms of the Praun

The Praun are a patrician family of the imperial city of Nuremberg - first mentioned in a document in 1383. They were co-opted into the patriciate in 1788, but could no longer send a representative to the "Inner Council".

history

According to their own tradition, which was first fixed in writing in the 16th century, the Prauns are said to come from the knightly family of the “Prunen von Schenwerd”, who sat on the city council of Zurich in the 13th century , but had a different coat of arms. However, the origin of the representative of the sex, Fritz Praun, who was first proven in Nuremberg in 1383, is unknown and a corresponding ancestry has not been proven.

Votive picture of Stephan I. Praun (by Paul Lautensack , 1511) in the Germanic National Museum , Nuremberg

The rise of the Praun to an important long-distance trading family began under the merchant Hans I. Praun (1432-1492). They traded in spices and citrus fruits. Furthermore, their trading range included precious metals and metal goods, fabrics and textiles, glassware and books. Initially, their preferred area of ​​action was Upper Germany and Upper Italy. The trade in silk fabrics made Bologna the center of their business in the 16th century . On the way there, Stephan I. Praun got into distress on Lake Garda in 1511 and then fell into the hands of Venetian mercenaries; He donated a votive painting by Paul Lautensack to save him .

They demonstrated their economic success by purchasing the house on Weinmarkt in 1518 and the manor house in Almoshof by Nicklas Praun in 1537; the Holzschuher , Imhoff and Stromer had their country houses there. Stephan II. Praun (1513–1578) brought the Nuremberg parent company together with the other extensive land holdings of the family into a family foundation called " Vorickung " by will . The merchant Paulus II. Praun (1548–1616) had inherited a Kunstkammer from his father Stephan II , whose works of art he expanded into an extensive collection of 250 German and Italian paintings from the 16th century, plus 600 drawings and paintings 6,000 copper engravings, including all of Albrecht Dürer's prints . In his will he stipulated that this collection that Praunsche Cabinet as pilot Chic Kung retained and his capital and income and should be expanded. After his death, the collection was transferred to the Praunsche Stiftungshaus in Nuremberg and exhibited there until 1801.

Due to the beginning already in the late 16th century problems of Protestant Nuremberg with the Inquisition in the Papal States , the Praun 1626 presented in the heated atmosphere of the Thirty Years' War , their commercial establishment in Bologna one. They now appeared increasingly in the administrative service, military service and in the diplomatic service.

As early as 1474, the Praun were represented for the first time in the aforementioned college of the Greater Council . Thus they belonged to the second estate of the imperial city, the large merchants and important legal families, which were later also referred to as "honesty". These were often hardly inferior to the first estate , the Nuremberg patriciate , in terms of wealth and economic power. It was not until 1730 that the council recognized the Praun as having "jurisdiction" (admission to the presidency of a court under the authority of the council). In 1788, shortly before the end of the imperial city period, the council accepted them into the patriciate and thus into the circle of those families from which the ruling "Inner Council" was occupied, which, however, until its dissolution in 1808 with regard to the Praun no more happened. (In addition to the old patrician families listed in the dance statute of 1521, 9 families from the second estate were co-opted into the first in the 18th century: in 1729 the Gugel, Oelhafen, Peßler, Scheurl, Thill and Waldstromer and in 1788 the Peller, Praun and Woelckern) .

After the transfer to Bavaria in 1813, of the 25 patrician families still in existence, the "dance statute families" were enrolled in the baron class and those co-opted in the course of the 18th century, including the Praun, were accepted into the class of simple nobles. In 1801, when the Institut der Vorendung no longer had any binding force, the family sold the Praun's collection to an art dealer due to economic hardship. The older Nuremberg line (at Almoshof) expired in 1867.

A younger line (see family table below) can be traced back to Sebastian Praun († 1618), whose son Michael d. Ä. (1597–1667), Grand Councilor in Nuremberg, was ennobled in 1663. His son Michael d. J. (1555–1671) was a lawyer in Bayreuth and a lawyer in Lindau and Kempten. His son Tobias Sebastian (1661–1710) was Imperial Councilor in Vienna and married to Anna Maria von Fabrice ; their son Georg Septimus (1701–1786) entered the service of State Councilor and Prime Minister in Brunswick-Lüneburg, where the family stayed for the next generations and with Adolph (* 1828) also settled in Ulzburg near Hamburg. The younger line still exists today.

The Praunsche Stiftungshaus at Weinmarkt 6, 1578–1801 seat of the Praunschen cabinet

Former possessions (extract)

The Nuremberg city seat of the Praun was from 1518 the later Praunsche Stiftungshaus Weinmarkt 6 / Füll 7. Other possessions were:

  • 1537–1867 the manor and property in Almoshof (Irrhainstraße 19–25). After the older line died out in 1867, it was sold and around 1870 demolished and built over.
  • around 1621–1682 / 96 shares in the Weiherhaus manor near Pillenreuth (by Magdalena Praun née Gammersfelder as the creditor of Georg Pfinzing )
  • 1798–1804 the Laufamholz manor (Moritzbergstrasse 50–52)
  • ???? - ???? Property in Kleinreuth behind the fortress (2 quarter courtyards)

Known family members

  • Hans I. Praun (1432–1492), wholesale merchant, author of the received account book
  • Stephan I. Praun, donor of the votive painting by Paul Lautensack (1511)
  • Stephan II. Praun (1513–1578), named member of the Greater Council in 1541, market manager in 1570; Portraits of paintings of him and his wife Ursula Ayrer (1525–1592), by Nicolas Neufchâtel (1568), hang on loan from the Friedrich von Praun'schen Family Foundation in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , Nuremberg
  • Stephan III. Praun (1544–1591), legation secretary for Emperor Maximilian II at the court of the sultan in Constantinople and at the royal courts in England, Spain and Portugal, Santiago pilgrim
  • Paulus II. Praun (1548–1616), son of Stephen II., Merchant in Bologna, creator of the Praun art gallery
  • Paul von Praun (1859-1937), employee in the secret chancellery of Prince Regent Luitpold (from 1896) and District President of Swabia (from 1906)
  • Friedrich von Praun (1888–1944), director of the Evangelical Church Office in Ansbach, died in custody as a Nazi opponent

  • Stephan III. Praun (1544–1591), diplomat (as a Santiago pilgrim)

  • Pilgrim cloak of Stephan III. Praun for the Camino de Santiago

  • Undercoat of the pilgrim costume

  • Pilgrim hat of Stephan III. Praun

  • Michael Praun the Elder Ä. (1597–1667), Councilor of the Imperial City of Nuremberg

coat of arms

In silver a cut brown trunk with three brown branches and three red leaves on them.

The quartered coat of arms (fields 1 and 4 main coat of arms, 2 and 3 that of the Zurich “Prunen von Schenwerd”) has not been used by the family since the 19th century, as a connection cannot be proven. (In silver a red star, on the helmet the star is decorated with gold balls.)

  • Coat of arms at Siebmacher (1856)

  • Embraced coat of arms (with that of the "Prunen von Schenwerd")

  • Coat of arms from Praun's seat in Almoshof

  • Praun's family tree of the younger line

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Otto Titan von Hefner describes in Siebmacher's Wappenbuch from 1856 the descent of the family from the traditional Swiss “Prunen von Schenwerd”, which, however, had a different coat of arms. He also gives the view of two coats of arms. Since the connection described cannot be proven, the family no longer has the fourth coat of arms since the 19th century. The Oelhafen family, co-opted into the Nuremberg patriciate in 1729 , is more likely to come from Zurich.
  2. ↑ The inscription on Stephan Praun's votive picture by Paul Lautensack (1511) reads: "Ittem Es ist ein Erbar man, Who was in great need, on the water at the gartse [= Lake Garda], himself vmb body vndt / good, tzu Komen genzlich in advance, and when he came from the water to the land, he was still in great fear of the stradiotts of the Venedi / Solden, when the veins that had grazed everywhere, looked at them, he was in such great troubles , to the mother gotteß, to the twelve brothers alhie zu nürnbreg, vo / heischen, and she was demittiently called and was given merciful help. 1.5.11. " (Source: Object catalog , Germanisches Nationalmuseum) The votive picture was probably intended for the chapel of either the Mendelian or the Landauer Twelve Brothers House .
  3. ^ Horst Pohl: The account book of the Nuremberg merchant Hans Praun from 1471 to 1478. In: Communications of the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg. Volume 55, 1967, pp. 77-136.
  4. ^ Rainer Schoch : The Praunsche Cabinet. An art collection as a »advance«. In: Anette Scherer (Red.): Patrons, donors, donors. The Germanic National Museum and its collections. Nuremberg 2002 (= cultural-historical walks in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum , vol. 5), pp. 47–52
  5. ^ Herrensitze.com , Almoshof II (Giersch / Schlunk / von Haller), with an illustration from 1607
  6. ↑ Herrensitze.com , Weiherhaus near Pillenreuth (Giersch / Schlunk / von Haller)
  7. ↑ Stephan II. Praun (1513-1578) and Ursula Praun born. Ayrer (1525-1592) , in the object catalog of the GMN
  8. ↑ Katrin Achilles Syndram (arr.): The art collection of Paulus Praun. The inventories from 1616 and 1719 (= sources on the history and culture of the city of Nuremberg. Vol. 25). City Council, Nuremberg 1994, ISBN 3-925002-25-1 .
  9. ^ Nazi opponent Friedrich von Praun died 75 years ago in Nuremberg , in: Sonntagsblatt, April 17, 2019. The Friedrich von Praun Foundation Kastanienhof Ansbach , an institution of the Evangelischer Kinderheime eV, was named after him.

See also

Web links

Commons : Familie Praun  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files