Swaths of salt
Swaths of salt | ||||||||||||
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Common salt plumes ( Puccinellia distans ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Puccinellia | ||||||||||||
Parl. |
The salt clouds ( Puccinellia ) are a genus of plants within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The genus is distributed worldwide, but the focus is on the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The salt plumes are mostly perennial , more rarely one or two year old herbaceous plants . These grasses grow in tufts, the perennial species as eyrie , the renewal shoots usually grow high within the leaf sheaths (intravaginally). The leaf sheaths are open to the base, on the back they are rounded, their surface is usually smooth and bare. The ligule is a membranous border. The leaf blades are flat, folded or rarely rolled up. In the bud position they are folded, rarely rolled.
Generative characteristics
The paniculate or rarely assembled racemose inflorescences contain spikelets. The spikelets contain three to ten flowers and are laterally compressed. All flowers are hermaphroditic. The unequal glumes are lanceolate to ovate with a blunt to pointed upper end and on the back they are rounded. They are bald, membranous with a thinner edge. The lower glume is single-nerved (rarely up to three-nerved), the upper three-nerved. Both are shorter than the lemmas . These are five-nerved, lanceolate to egg-shaped, also membranous with a thinner edge and rounded on the back. The palea are two-veined and of the same length as the lemma. They are notched at the top, the sides are broadly folded. They are hairy on the keels. There are three stamens ; their anthers protrude from the tip of the flower. The ovary is bare and has two short styles with densely feathery scars .
At maturity, the spikelet axis disintegrates between the flowers, the glumes remain. The caryopsis falls out together with the cover and palea. It has an elongated to elliptical shape. The embryo is about a quarter as long as the fruit. The navel is punctiform to elliptical.
Systematics
The genus Puccinellia was first published by Filippo Parlatore . The generic name Puccinellia honors the Italian doctor and botanist Benedetto Luigi Puccinelli (1808-1850).
The genus Puccinellia belongs to the tribe Poeae in the subfamily Pooideae within the family Poaceae .
Species that occur in Central Europe are: hairy swaths of salt , common swaths of salt , swamp swaths of salt ( Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. , Syn .: Puccinellia capillaris (Lilj.) Jansen , Puccinellia limosa (Schur) Holmb. ), Tufted swaths of salt ( Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) EPBicknell ), Andel or beach salt swaths ( Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. ), Neusiedlersee salt swaths or zickgrass ( Puccinellia intermedia (Schur) Janch. , Syn .: Puccinellia peisonis (Beck) Jávorka ), dense-flowered Clouds of salt ( Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath. ).
The genus Puccinellia contains about 110 species:
- Puccinellia acroxantha C.A.Sm. & CEHubb. : Southern Africa.
- Puccinellia altaica Tzvelev : Altai to northwestern China.
- Puccinellia andersonii Swallen : Subarctic America to Canada.
- Puccinellia angusta (Nees) CASm. & CEHubb. : Southern Africa.
- Puccinellia angustata (R.Br.) ELRand & Redfield : Subarctic southwards to Canada.
- Puccinellia arctica (Hook.) Fernald & Weath. : Subarctic America.
- Puccinellia argentinensis (Hack.) Parodi : Northern Chile to northwestern Argentina.
- Puccinellia arjinshanensis D.F.Cui : Xinjiang .
- Puccinellia banksiensis Consaul : Subarctic America.
- Puccinellia × beckii Holmb. = Puccinellia distans × Puccinellia intermedia : Southeastern Europe.
- Puccinellia × beringensis Tzvelev = Puccinellia tenella × Puccinellia wrightii : Subarctic Asia.
- Puccinellia biflora (Steud.) Parodi : Southern Chile to southern Argentina.
- Puccinellia bruggemannii T.J.Sørensen : Subarctic America.
- Puccinellia bulbosa (cap.) Cap. : Turkey to the Caucasus and Afghanistan.
- Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvelev : Siberia.
- Puccinellia candida Enustsch. & Gnutikov : The species first described in 2009 occurs in Siberia.
- Puccinellia chinampoensis Ohwi : China (Hebei, Liaoning) to northern Korea.
- Puccinellia choresmica (Krecz.) Krecz. ex Drobov : Central Asia and the Caucasus region.
- Puccinellia ciliata Bor : Turkey.
- Puccinellia convoluta (Hornem.) Fourr. : North West Africa, Eastern Europe to Lebanon and Turkmenistan.
- Puccinellia coreensis Honda : Jilin and Liaoning to southern Korea.
- Puccinellia decumbens A.R.Williams : Southern Australia.
- Puccinellia degeensis L.Liu : Northwest Sichuan.
- Puccinellia diffusa (Krecz.) Krecz. ex Drobov : Central Asia to Qinghai.
- Common swaths of salt , hair swaths of salt or swamp swaths of salt ( Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Parl. , Syn .: Puccinellia capillaris (Lilj.) Jansen , Puccinellia limosa (Schur) Holmb. , Puccinellia elata (Holmb.) Holmb. ): Er thrives on the coasts of northern, central and eastern Europe, Asia, and in south-eastern and central Europe at inland salt pits . Found as a neophyte in North America, Australia and New Zealand. It often populates the edge of salt-strewn roads.
- Puccinellia dolicholepis (Krecz.) Pavlov : From the Crimea to the Caucasus and Qinghai .
- Tufted swaths of salt ( Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) EPBicknell ): It thrives on the coasts from Western Europe to the western and central Mediterranean region.
- Puccinellia × feekesiana Jansen & Wacht. = Puccinellia distans × Puccinellia fasciculata : Europe.
- Puccinellia festuciformis (Host) Parl .: Northwest Africa, Europe to Turkey.
- Puccinellia filifolia (Trin.) Tzvelev : Mongolia to Nei Mongol .
- Puccinellia florida D.F. Cui : Xinjiang .
- Puccinellia frigida (Phil.) IMJohnst. : Ecuador to northwest Argentina and central Chile.
- Puccinellia gabrieljanae Tzvelev : The species first described in 2011 occurs in Armenia.,
- Puccinellia gigantea (cap.) Cap. : Eastern Europe to Mongolia and Pakistan.
- Puccinellia glaucescens (Phil.) Parodi : Southern South America.
- Puccinellia gorodkovii Tzvelev : Siberia.
- Puccinellia groenlandica T.J.Sørensen : Greenland.
- Puccinellia grossheimiana Krecz. : Turkey to Iran.
- Puccinellia hackeliana (Krecz.) Krecz. ex Drobov : Afghanistan to southwestern Siberia and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia harcusiana A.R.Williams : The species first described in 2009 occurs in Tasmania.
- Puccinellia Hauptiana (Krecz.) Kitag. (Syn .: Puccinellia kobayashii Ohwi ): Eastern Europe to Korea, Alaska.
- Puccinellia himalaica Tzvelev : Iran to Xinjiang and Nepal.
- Puccinellia hispanica Julià & JMMonts. : Spain.
- Puccinellia howellii J.I.Davis : Northern California.
- Puccinellia iberica (Wolley-Dod) Tzvelev : Morocco, Portugal, Spain.
- Neusiedlersee-puccinellia or Zickgras ( Puccinellia intermedia (Schur) Janch. , Syn .: Puccinellia festuciformis var. Intermedia (Schur) Hack. , Puccinellia festuciformis subsp. Intermedia (Schur) WEHughes , Puccinellia salinaria (Simonk.) Holmb. , Puccinellia peisonis ( Beck) Jáv. , Puccinellia transsilvanica Jáv. , Phippsia transsilvanica (Jáv.) Á.Löve & D.Löve ): It occurs in eastern Central Europe and from Southeastern Europe to Turkey and, for example, in the Pannonian lowlands.
- Puccinellia jeholensis Kitag. : Mongolia to northern and eastern China.
- Puccinellia jenisseiensis (Roshev.) Tzvelev : Siberia.
- Puccinellia kamtschatica Holmb. : Eastern Siberia to Alaska.
- Puccinellia kashmiriana Bor : Afghanistan to the western Himalayas and to Xinjiang.
- Puccinellia × kattegatensis (Neuman) Holmb. (Syn .: Puccinellia × hybrida Holmb. , Puccinellia × mixta Holmb. ) = Puccinellia distans × Puccinellia maritima : Northern and Western Europe.
- Puccinellia koeieana Melderis : Turkey to Afghanistan.
- Puccinellia × krusemaniana Jansen & Wacht. = Puccinellia maritima × Puccinellia rupestris : Western Europe.
- Puccinellia kuenlunica Tzvelev : Northern China to Tibet.
- Puccinellia ladakhensis (H. Hartmann) Dickore : Tibet to the western and central Himalayas.
- Puccinellia ladyginii N.R. Ivanov ex Tzvelev : Qinghai.
- Puccinellia leiolepis L.Liou : Tibet to Sichuan.
- Puccinellia lemmonii (Vasey) Scribn. : Western USA.
- Puccinellia lenensis (Holmb.) Tzvelev : Siberia to Russia's Far East.
- Puccinellia longior A.R.Williams : Southwest Western Australia and Southeast South Australia.
- Puccinellia macquariensis (Cheeseman) Allan & Jansen : Macquarie Island .
- Puccinellia macranthera (Krecz.) Norl. : Siberia to northern China.
- Puccinellia macropus Krecz. : Central Asia.
- Puccinellia magellanica (Hook. F.) Parodi : Southern Chile to southern Argentina.
- Puccinellia manchuriensis Ohwi : Siberia to northern and eastern China.
- Andel or beach salt swaths ( Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. ): It thrives on the coasts of Europe and the Canary Islands and is a neophyte in North America, Greenland and New Zealand .
- Puccinellia mendozina (Hack.) Parodi : Argentina.
- Puccinellia micrandra (Keng) Keng f. & SLChen : Northern and Eastern China.
- Puccinellia micranthera D.F. Cui : Xinjiang to Tibet.
- Puccinellia minuta Bor : Pakistan to Qinghai.
- Puccinellia multiflora L.Liou : Qinghai to Tibet.
- Puccinellia nipponica Ohwi : Russia's Far East to China, Koea and Japan.
- Puccinellia nudiflora (Hack.) Tzvelev : Central Asia to Mongolia and Tibet.
- Puccinellia nutkaensis (J. Presl) Fernald & Weath. : Subarctic America to northern and western USA.
- Nuttall's salt clouds ( Puccinellia nuttaliana (Schult.) Hitchc. , Syn .: Puccinellia borealis Swallen ): Subarctic Asia, subarctic America to the north and west-central USA.
- Puccinellia pamirica (Roshev.) Krecz. ex Ovcz. & Czukav. : Afghanistan to Central Asia and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia × pannonica (Hack.) Holmb. = Puccinellia distans × Puccinellia rupestris : Western Europe.
- Puccinellia parishii Hitchc. : West-central USA.
- Puccinellia parvula Hitchc. : Bolivia to northwest Argentina.
- Puccinellia pauciramea (Hack.) Krecz. ex Ovcz. & Czukav. : Afghanistan to Central Asia and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia perlaxa (NGWalsh) NGWalsh & ARWilliams : Southeast Australia.
- Puccinellia phryganodes (Trin.) Scribn. & Merr. : From the subarctic south to eastern Canada.
- Puccinellia poecilantha (K. Koch) Grossh. : From the Caucasus to Central Asia and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia porsildii T.J.Sørensen : Greenland.
- Puccinellia preslii (Hack.) Ponert : Northern and central Chile to western Argentina.
- Puccinellia przewalskii Tzvelev : Mongolia to Gansu and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) Hitchc. : Russia's Far East to Korea, Japan, Sub-Arctic America to western USA.
- Puccinellia pusilla (Hack.) Parodi : Southern Chile to southern Argentina, Falkland Islands.
- Puccinellia qinghaica Tzvelev : Qinghai.
- Puccinellia raroflorens Edgar : South Island of New Zealand.
- Puccinellia roborovskyi Tzvelev : Qinghai to Tibet.
- Puccinellia roshevitsiana (Schischk.) Krecz. ex Tzvelev : Kazakhstan to Xinjiang .
- Dense blooming salt plumes ( Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fernald & Weath. ): It thrives on the coasts of Western Europe.
- Puccinellia schischkinii Tzvelev : Central Asia to southwestern Siberia and northern China.
- Puccinellia sereginiii Tzvelev : The species first described in 2011 occurs from the Crimea to the Caucasus.
- Puccinellia shuanghuensis L.Liou : Tibet.
- Puccinellia sibirica Holmb. : Subarctic Eurasia.
- Puccinellia simplex Scribn. : Central California, northern Utah.
- Puccinellia skottsbergii (Pilg.) Parodi : Southern Chile to southern Argentina.
- Puccinellia stapfiana R.R.Stewart : Pakistan to Tibet.
- Puccinellia stricta (Hook. F.) Blom : Southern and Southeastern Australia, New Zealand.
- Puccinellia strictura L.Liu : Tibet.
- Puccinellia sublaevis (Holmb.) Tzvelev : Kamchatka, Alaska.
- Puccinellia subspicata (Krecz.) Krecz. ex Ovcz. & Czukav. : Central Asia to northwestern China.
- Puccinellia tenella (Lange) Holmb. ex Porsild : Subarctic south to northeast USA.
- Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb.) Scribn. & Merr. : Iran to Siberia and the Himalayas.
- Puccinellia tenuissima (Krecz.) Pavlov : Southern European Russia to Siberia and Qinghai.
- Puccinellia thomsonii (Stapf) RRStewart : Western Himalayas to Tibet.
- Puccinellia tianschanica (Tzvelev) Ikonn. : Central Asia to Qinghai.
- Puccinellia vaginata (Lange) Fernald & Weath. : Eastern Siberia to Russia's Far East, Sub-Arctic America to Canada.
- Puccinellia vahliana (Liebm.) Scribn. & Merr. : Subarctic south to eastern Canada.
- Puccinellia vassica A.R.Williams : The species first described in 2007 occurs in west-southwestern Western Australia .
- Puccinellia vitalii Yu.E.Alexeev, Laktionov & Tzvelev : The species first described in 2008 occurs in southern European Russia.
- Puccinellia walkeri (Cheeseman) Allan : South Island of New Zealand, Chatham Islands , Antipode Islands .
- Puccinellia wrightii (Scribn. & Merr.) Tzvelev : Russia's Far East to Alaska.
supporting documents
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- Hans Joachim Conert: Puccinellia. Hans Joachim Conert (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , p. 488–501 (published in deliveries 1979–1998 7th delivery, 1994).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Puccinellia. , In: WD Clayton, KT Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora des The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. last accessed November 14, 2016
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ^ A b c Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
- ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Puccinellia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 29, 2020.