Puro, Chile
Puro, Chile | |
---|---|
country | Chile |
Usage period | 1909 until today |
text | Eusebio Lillo , Bernardo de Vera y Pintado |
melody | Ramon Carnicer |
Audio files |
Puro, Chile is the national anthem of Chile . It consists of the stanza "Puro, Chile", which is taken from a lengthy poem of freedom by the Chilean poet Eusebio Lillo (1847), and the refrain "Dulce patria", which the Argentine poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado commissioned by the Chilean revolutionary leader Bernardo O. 'Higgins wrote (1818). The music was commissioned by the Catalan composer Ramón Carnicer (1828), who was working in British exile, and is based on a then unpublished model from the opera Lucrezia Borgia by Gaetano Donizetti, which premiered in 1833 . In 1909 the text and melody of the hymn were first legally established and officially published in 1910. Since 1990, the way the hymn is performed with the two components sung in this order has been stipulated by law.
text
Verse:
Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado,
puras brisas te cruzan también;
y tu campo de flores bordado
es la copia feliz del Edén.
Majestuosa es la blanca montaña
: que te dio por baluarte el Señor; : (2x)
: y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
te promete futuro esplendor. : (2x)
Reverse:
Dulce patria, recibe los votos
con que Chile en tus aras juró::
que o la tumba serás de los libres
o el asilo contra la opresión,: (3x)
: o el asilo contra la opresión. : (2x)
Translation (C. Wehrhahn, 1957)
Verse:
Pure shines, Chile, your sky, the blue,
pure breeze blows steadily through you,
and at the sight of the blooming floodplain,
we seem to see Eden on earth.
The snowy Andes are majestic
: which God bequeaths to you as a bulwark: (2x)
: and your sea, whose waves gently surge,
is a promise of future splendor. : (2x)
Reverse:
Dear homeland, listen to the vows that
Chile offered you at the altar
: When the free man chooses you when his grave
or you take refuge from the despot. : (3x)
: Or take refuge from the despot. : (2x)
Text of the overall seal
Himno Nacional de Chile | |
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Spanish | German |
refrain | |
Dulce Patria, recibe los votos |
Dear homeland, listen to the vows that |
First verse | |
Ha cesado la lucha sangrienta; |
The bloody fighting is settled; |
Second stanza | |
Alza, Chile, sin mancha la frente; |
Show your forehead without blemish, Chile; |
Third verse | |
Vuestros nombres, valientes soldados, |
Your names, you brave fighters, |
Fourth verse | |
Si pretende el cañón extranjero |
Should enemy cannons strive |
Fifth verse | |
Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado, |
Pure shines, Chile, your sky, the blue, |
Sixth verse | |
Esas galas, ¡oh, Patria !, esas flores |
That splendor, you my country! That flower |
- German translation by César Wehrhahn (1957), printed by Canales p. 43 f.
history
The first Chilean national anthem, from which the Kehrvers used to this day comes, was written in 1818/19 after the Battle of Maipú on behalf of the leadership of the Chilean patriots under Bernardo O'Higgins as a joint work of the Argentine lawyer and poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado and the Chilean Musician Manuel Robles . It was premiered on August 20, 1820 in Santiago de Chile and was often played in the first years of independence, especially as a patriotic frame for theater performances.
As a replacement for the much criticized music by Robles, the Chilean statesman Mariano Egaña , who was then the ambassador of Chile in London , ordered a new melody from Ramón Carnicer, who was living there in exile, in 1827, which was to set the existing lyrics to music. Carnicer, who returned to Barcelona in 1828 , was an ardent admirer of Donizetti and used for the composition a model by the Italian master that was known to him and had not yet been published. The first performance of the new melody took place at a Christmas concert on December 23, 1828, at which the previous hymn by Robles was played. In the following years, the two pieces initially competed with each other. Robles' melody was later forgotten and was reconstructed in 1868 by the Chilean composer José Zapiola .
The very combat-oriented and anti-Spain text of the national song met with increasing protests from the Spanish community in Chile and has been considered out of date since the 1840s. In 1847 the Chilean government commissioned a new creation from the young poet Eusebio Lillo , whose poem was edited by Andrés Bello , the language scholar and founder of the Chilean national university. Since Bello found the refrain of the song suggested by Lillo to be too presumptuous and rejected it, Lillo took over the introductory chorus verse "Dulce patria" from the old text by Vera y Pintado as a refrain. The new hymn was published in major Chilean newspapers in September 1847, but initially remained unpopular. For decades the widely known Kehrvers was the only national identification symbol. It was not until the last years of the 19th century that the custom of singing the fifth stanza “Puro, Chile” from Lillo's song together with the refrain of Vera y Pintado took hold. In 1909, the shape of the national anthem by Jorge Montt was first legally described in a presidential decree and an official text was published in 1910.
The currently valid version of the anthem was established on July 24, 1941 by a decree of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda . Between the original poem ( last published in 1904), its version designated as the national anthem in 1909/10, and today's official version, there are individual minor text deviations that do not affect the basic structure. The first verse of the fifth stanza in Lillo's manuscript submitted in 1904 has the form “Puro es, Chile, tu cielo azulado” (instead of Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado ); and in the text version published in 1910, the penultimate line of the stanza replaced the word tranquilo ("calm", "gentle") with extendido ("extended", "wide"), which was reversed in 1941.
During the Chilean military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1989, it became common among regime supporters to sing the third verse of Lillo's song, which glorifies soldiery , in addition to traditional singing . This practice was abolished in 1990 with the transition in Chile and the traditional way of performing was enshrined in law.
The main theme of both versions of the national song is freedom , which is why the Chilean anthem is also known as the song of the free .
See also
literature
- About the text: Clemente Canales Toro: Canción nacional de Chile. Edición crítica de la letra. Editorial Andrés Bello, Santiago de Chile 1960 (Spanish, online ).
- About the music: Jorge Aravena Llanca : Nuevas investigaciones sobre los verdaderos autores del Himno Nacional de Chile . In: El Marino , September 21, 2015, accessed June 10, 2018 (Spanish).
Web links
- Himno nacional on the website of the Universidad de Chile (Spanish)
- Historia de Chile , textbook on the history of the Chilean national anthem on the Chilean teaching text portal icarito.cl (Spanish)
- Sung version , published on YouTube on October 20, 2010 (Spanish)