Puro, Chile

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Puro, Chile
country ChileChile Chile
Usage period 1909 until today
text Eusebio Lillo , Bernardo de Vera y Pintado
melody Ramon Carnicer
Audio files
The first bars of the prelude to the Chilean national anthem in F major

Puro, Chile is the national anthem of Chile . It consists of the stanza "Puro, Chile", which is taken from a lengthy poem of freedom by the Chilean poet Eusebio Lillo (1847), and the refrain "Dulce patria", which the Argentine poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado commissioned by the Chilean revolutionary leader Bernardo O. 'Higgins wrote (1818). The music was commissioned by the Catalan composer Ramón Carnicer (1828), who was working in British exile, and is based on a then unpublished model from the opera Lucrezia Borgia by Gaetano Donizetti, which premiered in 1833 . In 1909 the text and melody of the hymn were first legally established and officially published in 1910. Since 1990, the way the hymn is performed with the two components sung in this order has been stipulated by law.

text

Eusebio Lillo Robles (around 1885)

Verse:

Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado,
puras brisas te cruzan también;
y tu campo de flores bordado
es la copia feliz del Edén.

Majestuosa es la blanca montaña
: que te dio por baluarte el Señor; : (2x)
: y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
te promete futuro esplendor. : (2x)

Reverse:

Dulce patria, recibe los votos
con que Chile en tus aras juró::
que o la tumba serás de los libres
o el asilo contra la opresión,: (3x)
: o el asilo contra la opresión. : (2x)

Translation (C. Wehrhahn, 1957)

Verse:

Pure shines, Chile, your sky, the blue,
pure breeze blows steadily through you,
and at the sight of the blooming floodplain,
we seem to see Eden on earth.

The snowy Andes are majestic
: which God bequeaths to you as a bulwark: (2x)
: and your sea, whose waves gently surge,
is a promise of future splendor. : (2x)

Reverse:

Dear homeland, listen to the vows that
Chile offered you at the altar
: When the free man chooses you when his grave
or you take refuge from the despot. : (3x)
: Or take refuge from the despot. : (2x)

Text of the overall seal

First page of the final song manuscript by Eusebio Lillo (1904) with the chorus verse ( coro ) originally planned by Lillo , which begins with the words Libertad, invocando tu nombre ("O freedom, conjure up your name ..."). This refrain was never part of the national anthem because the song was printed in 1847 with the old Kehrvers “Dulce Patria”.
Second page of the manuscript from 1904 with the fifth stanza of the National Song, the opening verse of which has a slightly different word order. In keeping with the times, Lillo also uses the reformed Chilean spelling according to Andrés Bello (for example "i" instead of y , for "and").
Himno Nacional de Chile
Spanish German
refrain

Dulce Patria, recibe los votos
con que Chile en tus aras juró
que o la tumba serás de los libres
o el asilo contra la opresión.

Dear homeland, listen to the vows that
Chile offered you at the altar:
when the free man chooses you when his grave,
or you be refuge from the despot.

First verse

Ha cesado la lucha sangrienta;
ya es hermano el que ayer invasor;
de tres siglos lavamos la afrenta
combatiendo en el campo de honor.
El que ayer doblegábase esclavo
hoy ya libre y triunfante se ve;
libertad es la herencia del bravo,
la Victoria se humilla a su pie.

The bloody fighting is settled;
the oppressor today calls himself brother;
The shame of vassalage we fight
in the field where honor is professed.
The slave still humble yesterday,
today free, weighs without worries;
for freedom is always inherited by the brave;
and victory then lies at his feet.

Second stanza

Alza, Chile, sin mancha la frente;
conquistaste tu nombre en la lid;
siempre noble, constante y valiente
te Finderaron los hijos del Cid.
Que tus libres tranquilos coronen
a las artes, la industria y la paz,
y de triunfos cantares entonen
que amedrenten al déspota audaz.

Show your forehead without blemish, Chile;
The granite has long praised your war glory;
always noble and steadfast, never cowardly,
the sons of Cid felt you.
Let the free ones with leisure crown them
your economy, your intellectual property,
and a song of victory should then sound,
always depriving the tyrant of courage.

Third verse

Vuestros nombres, valientes soldados,
que habéis sido de Chile el sostén,
nuestros pechos los llevan grabados;
los sabrán nuestros hijos también.
Sean ellos el grito de muerte
que lancemos marchando a lidiar,
y sonando en la boca del fuerte
hagan siempre al tirano temblar.

Your names, you brave fighters,
who are always the upholders of Chile
, you always live on in our bosom, your
sons also know about them.
Let it sound like combative news
when we step out into the field to fight ,
and the brave one carries it in his mouth;
the tyrant shall tremble before the hero.

Fourth verse

Si pretende el cañón extranjero
nuestros pueblos, osado, invadir;
desnudemos al punto el acero
y sepamos vencer o morir.
Con su sangre el altivo araucano
nos legó, por herencia, el valor;
y no tiembla la espada en la mano
defendiendo, de Chile, el honor.

Should enemy cannons strive
to conquer our country with cunning,
let the sword draw out of its sheath
and victory or death be within the deadline.
With the blood that the proud Araucans
bequeathed us the defiant courage;
and the sword does not tremble when the banner
defends Chile's honor with glow.

Fifth verse

Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado,
puras brisas te cruzan también,
y tu campo de flores bordado
es la copia feliz del Edén.
Majestuosa es la blanca montaña
que te dio por baluarte el Señor,
Y ese mar que tranquilo te baña
te promete futuro esplendor.

Pure shines, Chile, your sky, the blue,
pure breeze blows steadily through you,
and at the sight of the blooming floodplain,
we seem to see Eden on earth.
The snowy Andes,
which God bequeaths to you as a bulwark, are
majestic, and your sea, whose waves gently surge,
is a promise of future splendor.

Sixth verse

Esas galas, ¡oh, Patria !, esas flores
que tapizan tu suelo feraz,
no las pisen jamás invasores;
con tu sombra las cubra la paz.
Nuestros pechos serán tu baluarte,
con tu nombre sabremos vencer,
o tu noble, glorioso estandarte,
nos verá, combatiendo, caer.

That splendor, you my country! That flower
that thrives on fertile soil
, the enemy always avoids treading it;
Shade of peace shield them at all times.
our breast be your bulwark and
watch , and your name help us to victory;
Otherwise, you noble, glorious standard,
you see fighting and falling in war.

German translation by César Wehrhahn (1957), printed by Canales p. 43 f.

history

The first Chilean national anthem, from which the Kehrvers used to this day comes, was written in 1818/19 after the Battle of Maipú on behalf of the leadership of the Chilean patriots under Bernardo O'Higgins as a joint work of the Argentine lawyer and poet Bernardo de Vera y Pintado and the Chilean Musician Manuel Robles . It was premiered on August 20, 1820 in Santiago de Chile and was often played in the first years of independence, especially as a patriotic frame for theater performances.

Ramon Carnicer

As a replacement for the much criticized music by Robles, the Chilean statesman Mariano Egaña , who was then the ambassador of Chile in London , ordered a new melody from Ramón Carnicer, who was living there in exile, in 1827, which was to set the existing lyrics to music. Carnicer, who returned to Barcelona in 1828 , was an ardent admirer of Donizetti and used for the composition a model by the Italian master that was known to him and had not yet been published. The first performance of the new melody took place at a Christmas concert on December 23, 1828, at which the previous hymn by Robles was played. In the following years, the two pieces initially competed with each other. Robles' melody was later forgotten and was reconstructed in 1868 by the Chilean composer José Zapiola .

The very combat-oriented and anti-Spain text of the national song met with increasing protests from the Spanish community in Chile and has been considered out of date since the 1840s. In 1847 the Chilean government commissioned a new creation from the young poet Eusebio Lillo , whose poem was edited by Andrés Bello , the language scholar and founder of the Chilean national university. Since Bello found the refrain of the song suggested by Lillo to be too presumptuous and rejected it, Lillo took over the introductory chorus verse "Dulce patria" from the old text by Vera y Pintado as a refrain. The new hymn was published in major Chilean newspapers in September 1847, but initially remained unpopular. For decades the widely known Kehrvers was the only national identification symbol. It was not until the last years of the 19th century that the custom of singing the fifth stanza “Puro, Chile” from Lillo's song together with the refrain of Vera y Pintado took hold. In 1909, the shape of the national anthem by Jorge Montt was first legally described in a presidential decree and an official text was published in 1910.

The currently valid version of the anthem was established on July 24, 1941 by a decree of President Pedro Aguirre Cerda . Between the original poem ( last published in 1904), its version designated as the national anthem in 1909/10, and today's official version, there are individual minor text deviations that do not affect the basic structure. The first verse of the fifth stanza in Lillo's manuscript submitted in 1904 has the form “Puro es, Chile, tu cielo azulado” (instead of Puro, Chile, es tu cielo azulado ); and in the text version published in 1910, the penultimate line of the stanza replaced the word tranquilo ("calm", "gentle") with extendido ("extended", "wide"), which was reversed in 1941.

During the Chilean military dictatorship under Augusto Pinochet between 1973 and 1989, it became common among regime supporters to sing the third verse of Lillo's song, which glorifies soldiery , in addition to traditional singing . This practice was abolished in 1990 with the transition in Chile and the traditional way of performing was enshrined in law.

The main theme of both versions of the national song is freedom , which is why the Chilean anthem is also known as the song of the free .

See also

literature

Web links