Rüdigheim (noble family)

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The lords of Rüdigheim were a noble family in the south-eastern Wetterau . Originally they come from the medieval service nobility : after giving up their headquarters in Rüdigheim, they were able to secure a largely independent domain in the vicinity of the village of Rückingen (now the city of Erlensee ), which they owned as a fief together with the closely related lords of Rückingen . They died out shortly after the Thirty Years' War .

Epitaph of Commander Helfrich von Rüdigheim in the Church of St. Johannes Baptist in Mosbach

history

Origins

The first mention of a Heinricus de Rudinchheim comes from the year 1222. Already in the next known documents it becomes clear that the family broke away from their home town of Rüdigheim (today municipality of Neuberg ) in the middle of the 13th century : In 1257, Helfrich von Rüdigheim and his children have the right of patronage to the Rüdigheim church, the Johanniterkloster Höchst am Main . In the following year Konrad, one of Helfrich's sons, is named as a Burgmann on the Ronneburg with the nickname de Roneburg . The final separation from the headquarters in Rüdigheim took place with the sale of the properties to the Johanniter in 1261. Two further documents from the years 1258 and 1275 make it clear that the Rüdigheimers were in the service of the Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck at that time , who after the extinction of the After 1240 the lords of Büdingen were able to take part of the inheritance with the castle.

Rückingen moated castle

High and late Middle Ages

A few years later, the Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck began to sell parts of the Wetterau property, including the Ronneburg, which was sold to the Archdiocese of Mainz in 1313 . The gentlemen of Rüdigheim had evidently already moved their headquarters to the Hohenlohe-Brauneckische Rückingen , where they can be recorded for the first time in 1311. Seat was now as ganerbschaft organized Wasserburg Rückingen they along with the Lords of Rückingen inhabited. The common ownership of both families in Rückingen was decisive for the history of the place for several centuries.

The year 1405 represented a significant turning point in the history of the Ganerbschaft: Johann von Rüdigheim had participated in raids as a robber baron . After the destruction of the moated castle under King Ruprecht along with numerous other castles, Johann Urfehde had to swear. Furthermore, he was not allowed to rebuild his castle. He had to vow not to build a ditch, a suspended bridge, a castle structure or a fortification. From the Rückinger coat of arms stone from 1569 at the gate of the moated castle it was concluded that the Rückinger lived in the moated castle, which was rebuilt several times, while the Rüdigheimer owned the manor house , which was demolished in 1912, according to other information in 1909 , of which today only the tithe barn and the so-called Castle are preserved.

The castle is a remnant of the former manor house that was owned by the Lords of Rüdigheim.

In the middle of the 15th century, the last Brauneck fiefs in the Wetterau were bought by Albrecht von Brandenburg . The county of Isenburg tried to prevent the sale of these old Büdinger fiefs, but only managed to be enfeoffed by Brandenburg with the obligation to pass them on to the current owners as an after-fief. In the following centuries, Rückingen also assumed a special role within the Isenburg administration of the Diebach court . Confessionally, the Rückingen Ganerbe were able to enforce against Isenburg around 1600 that the church in the village remained Lutheran , while it switched to the Reformed creed in nearby Isenburg towns such as Langendiebach .

The gentlemen von Rüdigheim and von Rückingen jointly exercised the right of patronage over this chapel as the predecessor of today's Evangelical Church in Rückingen. Both families have grave monuments from the chapel around today's church. A late Gothic coat of arms stone from the altar of the chapel with the inscription Anno domini 1491 donated a helmed altar to these churches by one of Rüdigheim, on which the coat of arms stood was in the possession of the Hanau History Association . The stone was destroyed along with numerous other stone monuments during the air raid on Hanau on March 19, 1945 in the courtyard of the Old Town Hall (lapidarium of the Hanau Museum).

The last gentlemen from Rüdigheim

Rückingen was heavily devastated during the Thirty Years' War . In September 1634 troops of the cardinal legate Ferdinand of Spain set the village and the Rückingen castle on fire when they withdrew. The residents and owners had fled to surrounding cities. Philipp Burkhard von Rüdigheim died of the plague in Hanau in 1635 . His only son Otto Philipp was initially in the Hanauian service, but then switched to the service of Count Anton Günther of Oldenburg as Rittmeister , where he later served as Drost von Oldenburg . He died in 1638 on a trip to his estates in Frankfurt, after finding the village and Rückingen Castle ruined and deserted . His son Anton Günther von Rüdigheim , born in 1614, was also in the service of the Oldenburg Count. Presumably he had lost interest in the distant and largely destroyed paternal property. For what reason he sold the property to Johann von Fargel and how he got to know him is beyond our knowledge. After the peace agreement, the warrior von Fargel was obviously interested in investing the wealth he had acquired in goods. Anton Günther married his father's cousin Susanna Elisabeth von Rüdigheim in 1637 . Together they had five daughters and one son, most of whom died shortly after birth. Anton Günther died in 1655 as the last male representative of the family at the age of 41.

Johann von Fargel had also signed an inheritance contract with the von Rückingen family. After these also died out in 1666 in the male line, Rückingen remained in the possession of the von Fargel family for two generations, replaced by the von Kameytzki family in 1714 ; after their extinction in 1758, no new afterlehen was awarded by the Isenburgers until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

Grave slab of Conrad von Rüdigheim (died 1599) at the Evangelical Church in Rückingen. Left (heraldic right) the Rüdigheim coat of arms.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Lords of Rüdigheim shows two diagonal red bars on a gold background. The upper end of the bar is decorated in the form of a coat of arms, usually flower-like, with various variations up to the lily cut are common. The helmet covers are red and, like many aristocratic families in the region, a bracke serves as a crest . Overall, the coat of arms is very similar to the coat of arms of the Lords of Selbold , who had their ancestral seat in neighboring Langenselbold .

possession

  • Manorial rule in the village with inheritance share of the castle in Rückingen, later residence in the manor house (initially Hohenlohe-Brauneck'sches, later Isenburgisches Afterlehen).
  • Bailiwick of Dörnigheim as a Hanau after fief since the 14th century .
  • An estate in Hochstadt as a fiefdom of the Katzenelnbog (1330 as a dowry from Messrs. Dugel von Carben ).
  • The lords of Rüdigheim provided several castle men in the Reichsburg Friedberg .
  • Owned by the Philip Burkhard to Rüdigheim the was Haubensteinische Good in Hanau. A plot of land belonging to this estate was sold in 1609 in order to set up the French cemetery for the Neustadt Hanau.

literature

  • Gerhard Bott : A coat of arms stone tells of the history of Rückingen. In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.) : Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, p. 351f.
  • Heinrich Bott : The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin . Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, No. 1–4, pp. 1–32, esp. Pp. 1–20.
  • Jörg Hofmann / Werner Sönning: History of the community Erlensee. Langendiebach and Rückingen. Volume I: From the beginnings to 1500. Published by the Erlensee History Association, Erlensee 2004, pp. 100–147.
  • History Association Erlensee eV (Ed.): Erlensee. On the history of Langendiebach and Rückingen. Erlensee 1988, pp. 21-36.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinrich Reimer : Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 146.
  2. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 332.
  3. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 338 = Johann Friedrich Böhmer , Friedrich Lau: Codex diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus = document book of the imperial city of Frankfurt, vol. 1. 794-1314. Unchangeable Reprint of the Frankfurt 1901 edition, Baer, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1970, p. 120.
  4. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 375.
  5. ↑ Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - studies on the Wetterau in the Staufer time. In: Büdinger Geschichtsblätter 21, 2008/2009, p. 124.
  6. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 2. 1301 - 1349. Hirzel, Leipzig 1892 ( publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives 51 ) No. 106.
  7. ^ Ernst Julius Zimmermann: Hanau city and country. Hanau 1919, p. 563.
  8. ^ A b Heinrich Bott : The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 10.
  9. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 1.
  10. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 17.
  11. ↑ Gerhard Bott: A coat of arms stone reports on the history of Rückingen. In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein (Hrsg.): Hanau city and country. A home book for school and home . Hanau 1954, p. 351f. with fig.
  12. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, pp. 18-20.
  13. ^ Heinrich Bingemer: The Frankfurt Wappenbüchlein. 2nd edition, Kramer, Frankfurt 1987, ISBN 3-7829-0348-X , p. 32 plate 25.
  14. ^ Dörnigheim, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local lexicon for Hessen (as of March 14, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on May 14, 2017 .
  15. ↑ Details of the associated noble families in Thomas Schilp: The Reichsburg Friedberg in the Middle Ages. Studies of their constitution, administration and politics. Friedberg 1982, pp. 56-59 and 61.
  16. ^ Ernst Julius Zimmermann: Hanau city and country. Hanau 1919, p. 722.