Evangelical Church (Rüdigheim)

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Church in Rüdigheim from the north
View from the northwest

The Evangelical Church in Rüdigheim in the municipality of Neuberg in the Main-Kinzig district ( Hesse ) is the church of the former Johanniterkommende of the place. It was built in 1260 in the early Gothic style including older parts. The listed hall church with a slim roof turret has a five-eighth end in the east.

history

Grave slab for Philipp von Riffeberg (Reifenberg)

Church and pastor are mentioned for the first time in 1235, when after a dispute Helfrich von Rüdigheim was awarded the right of patronage ( patronatus in ecclesie Ruedickheim ). It went to the Order of St. John in 1257/1258. In 1260 he rebuilt the church into an early Gothic church using older parts of the previous church, which was probably built around 1100, and added a choir . The church was dedicated to St. Mary . Rüdigheim was a pastor in the pre-Reformation period and had Ravolzhausen as a branch until 1607 . From an ecclesiastical point of view, in the late Middle Ages the place was under the Deanery Roßdorf in the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz .

With the introduction of the Reformation in 1548 in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg , the place changed to the Protestant faith. The first Protestant pastor was Johannes Metzler, who worked in Rüdigheim from around 1534 to around 1554. he was married and in 1554 had two sons. The parish accepted the Reformed Confession in 1596 when the Hanau Count changed confession. As a result, the interior was redesigned: the altar plate was sunk into the floor and a wooden altar was set up. The high altar and one side altar have been removed. The damage caused by the Thirty Years' War and by a fire in 1657 could not be repaired immediately, as the overburdened order was under construction duty . From 1637 to 1712, the Rüdigheim pastor also looked after the parish in Oberissigheim . In 1670, a Lutheran congregation was established on site, which was granted free religious practice in 1683, employed its own pastor and built its own church.

Major renovations to the Protestant church took place in 1734/1735. The old, arched sacristy north of the choir was demolished in 1746. It was not until 1789 that it was extensively renovated to remove the damage caused by the Thirty Years' War. The community had a three-sided gallery and, for the first time, an organ installed, which was placed on the east gallery. The Johanniter-Kommende was abolished in 1806. As part of the Hanau Union , the two evangelical communities were reunited in 1819. The Lutheran building was demolished. In 1839 a comprehensive interior and exterior renovation was carried out with neo-Gothic designs. The ship received a new west gallery with two side galleries on the long sides. Since then, the west gallery has served as the location for the organ. The south portal was walled up and the west portal was created, a pointed arch window was broken in instead of the rose window and today's roof turret was added. Finally the community bought a new wooden altar. The two bells from the Lutheran baroque church were hung in the new roof turret of the old church in 1845.

Since 1930 Rüdigheim has been connected to Ravolzhausen by the parish. The renovation of 1957/1958 largely restored the original condition. The galleries on the long sides were removed, the sacristy door rediscovered, the wooden altar replaced by the old cafeteria plate, the baptismal font transferred back to the church from the neighboring domain and the colored frame of the vault ribs, garments, reveals and early Gothic paintings exposed and restored. A final renovation followed from 2010 to 2013, when the pulpit and baptismal font were exchanged and a new altar was created.

architecture

Former sacristy portal

The roughly geostete and easily aligned to northeast church is built on the northern outskirts on an increase. The single-nave nave with two bays is followed by the one-bay choir with five-eighth end at the same height and width. Two stepped buttresses are attached to the western corners of the building, and six more structure the choir. To the southwest and in the immediate vicinity of the church, the former commandery has been preserved, which is now used as a Protestant parish hall.

The nave is 23.35 m long and 10.50 m wide. The tracery reaches a height of 12.50 m. Outside, on the western part of the nave below the eaves, the Johanniter coats of arms are painted, which were whitewashed during the last renovation and are no longer visible. The church is accessed through a neo-Gothic west portal with a profiled pointed arch. The western gable side is dominated by a large neo-Gothic pointed arch window. There are five small windows in the gable triangle and a narrow, lofty pointed arch window from the Romano-Gothic transition period on each of the long sides. The late Romanesque pointed arch portal with round bar and five-pass arch in the south wall is walled up and probably dates from 1235. Inside, the red-black pear-shaped ribs rest on consoles , only at the transition from the nave to the choir is there a three-fold service bundle with horn and bud capitals. The large eastern keystone in the nave has a diameter of 1.27 m and shows a consecration cross that is surrounded by a six-fold vine tendril, which is designed as a crown of thorns .

In the west is a slim six-sided roof turret from 1839, which is completely shingled and reaches a height of 15.90 m to the knob and 19.45 m to the cock. Above the sound holes for the bells, triangular gables lead over to the slender pointed helmet, which is crowned by a tower knob, an ornate cross and a gilded weathercock. The roof turret houses two bells. The bell from 1890 bears the inscription: “HONOR TO GOD ABOVE, PEACE ON EARTH, AND MANY PEOPLE. RUEDIGHEIM 1890 ". The community purchased the second bell in 1951 as a replacement for two bells delivered during the Second World War.

The choir has six early Gothic tracery windows with honeycomb glazing, the east window is three-lane with three-pass arches, the others are two-lane with a circle. The north side, on which the sacristy was built, has no windows. The north portal with a pear-shaped profile originally led into the sacristy. The interior of the choir is vaulted with a ribbed vault. The red and yellow grooved choir ribs rest on consoles of different shapes.

Interior

Romanesque font in front of the niches
View of the altar area

In the choir the altar area is raised by three steps. The modern altar is made of bronze panels on a cross-shaped floor plan with a top panel. The old, large cafeteria plate made of red sandstone is set into the floor below. The simple polygonal sandstone pulpit is set up in the northern area of ​​the steps. A tracery window is painted in red over the former sacristy door. The vaulted caps of the choir and nave are painted with red stone blocks and ten stars. The two keystones in the choir are covered with rosettes. To the right of the door is the tall, rectangular tombstone of Commander Philipp von Riffeberg († 1495) made of red sandstone on the wall. In the south wall opposite the door there is an ogival seat niche ( sedilia ), which is painted with tracery shapes on the back. The rectangular sacraments niche to the left is surrounded by black and red diamond painting. In front of the seating niche is the Romanesque baptismal font made of Rhön sandstone with arched panels, the oldest inventory item in the church. The floor in the choir is covered with slabs of red sandstone.

In the nave, the simple wooden church stalls from 1957 leave a central aisle free. To the south of the west portal is a weathered, upright rectangular epitaph from the 17th century made of red sandstone, which Johann Jost Christ had made in memory of his wife and his renovation of the church. The wooden west gallery in gray frame rests on octagonal wooden posts and has a coffered parapet that is built in the middle. The walls of the nave and choir bear twelve consecration crosses .

organ

Zinck organ from 1789
Rear pedal mechanism and reconstructed bellows system

In 1780 the pastor and church council decided to purchase an organ , which posed financial problems, so that the construction was not approved until 1787 by the reformed consistory in Kassel. Johann Georg Zinck built the organ in the years 1788–1789 with eleven stops . The five-axis prospectus has an elevated, round central tower, which is flanked by two-storey pipe flat fields. These lead over to the medium-sized pointed towers. The cornices are profiled, the gilded veil boards have acanthus work with rocailles. Today the instrument has 13 registers, which are distributed on a manual and pedal . The instrument was extensively rebuilt in 1957/1958 by the Frankfurt organ builder Voigt, who replaced almost all metal pipes, so that most of the original substance was lost. In 1974 Bernhard Schmidt from Gelnhausen built new pedal shops and a new console with an expanded range of keyboards. Only the late baroque case, part of the mechanically executed action and the wooden pipes of the two Gedackt registers have been preserved.

The organ was restored and reconstructed in 2017 by Förster & Nicolaus Orgelbau for around € 100,000. In the pedal, the sub-bass 16 ′ was adopted from 1958/1974 and a super octave 1 ′ was placed on the empty loop in the manual. Förster & Nicolaus reconstructed ten registers, the keyboards and the bellows. The wooden string register Violon 4 ′ is a specialty. The dark blue version has been restored and the profile strips are gilded. The organ has the following disposition :

I Manual C – c 3
Gedact 8th'
Quintatön 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Gedact 4 ′
Violon 4 ′
Quint 3 ′
octave 2 ′
third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
Super octave 1'
Mixture III 1'
Pedal C – c 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'
Violon bass 8th'

literature

  • Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1968. Volume 2 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 33). Elwert, Marburg 1984, ISBN 3-7708-0788-X , pp. 330-342.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of the German art monuments . Hesse II. Darmstadt administrative district. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. 3. Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 , p. 706.
  • F. Christian Trebing, Evangelical Church Community Neuberg-Rüdigheim (Ed.): 750 years of the Rüdigheim Church. A commemorative publication for the anniversary of the Johanniterkirche in Rüdigheim. Evangelical rectory Neuberg-Rüdigheim, Neuberg 1986.
  • Krystian Skoczowski : The organ building family Zinck. A contribution to the research of organ building in the Wetterau and the Kinzig valley in the 18th century. Haag + Herchen, Hanau 2018, ISBN 978-3-89846-824-4 .

Web links

Commons : Rüdigheim Church (Neuberg)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Trebing: 750 years of the Rüdigheim Church. 1986, p. 3.
  2. ↑ a b Rüdigheim. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on September 15, 2017 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e homepage of the parish , accessed on September 15, 2017.
  4. ↑ a b c Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1968. 1984, p. 330.
  5. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). Elwert, Marburg 1937, reprint 1984, p. 43.
  6. ↑ a b Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1968. 1984, p. 331.
  7. ^ Trebing: 750 years of the Rüdigheim Church. 1986, p. 63.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen II. 2008, p. 706.
  9. ^ Trebing: 750 years of the Rüdigheim Church. 1986, p. 14.
  10. ↑ Bell from 1890 , accessed September 15, 2017.
  11. ^ Trebing: 750 years of the Rüdigheim Church. 1986, p. 66.
  12. ↑ Festschrift Orgel Rüdigheim , p. 26 (PDF).
  13. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, p. 268.
  14. ↑ osthessen-news.de: Historical variety of sounds - here: Organ of the Ev. Church in Neuberg-Rüdigheim , accessed on September 15, 2017.
  15. ↑ Festschrift Orgel Rüdigheim , pp. 23–26 (PDF).
  16. ↑ Skoczowski: The organ builder family Zinck. 2018, p. 265.
  17. ^ Organ in Rüdigheim , accessed on September 15, 2017.

Coordinates: 50 ° 12 ′ 15.6 ″  N , 8 ° 58 ′ 36.3 ″  E