Rückingen (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of Rückingen

The lords of Rückingen were a noble family in the southeastern Wetterau . Originally they came from the medieval service nobility , but were able to secure a largely independent domain in the vicinity of the village of Rückingen (today the city of Erlensee ), which they owned as a fief together with the closely related lords of Rüdigheim . They died out a few years after the Thirty Years' War .

Grave slab of Elisabeth von Rückingen (died 1599) at the Evangelical Church in Rückingen. On the left (heraldic right) the Rückingen coat of arms.

history

The first mention of the Lords of Rückingen dates back to October 15, 1135. In the series of witnesses in a document from Archbishop Adalbert I of Mainz , a Johannes von Ruckungen is mentioned - at the same time the oldest mention of the place name. The document also proves that the local nobility, which is common in the Wetterau - i.e. knight families with a name reference to an early local seat - can be proven in some cases even before the Hohenstaufen era , although most of these lower nobility can be proven since that time and their origin mostly with the reorganization of the Region under the Hohenstaufen is associated.

The changes in the Staufer era (foundation of the Reichsburg Friedberg and the imperial palace Gelnhausen , rise of the Lords of Büdingen as bailiffs over the Büdinger Forest ) are also reflected in the history of the Lords of Rückingen in the following period. A Theodorich von Rückingen is mentioned in a document in 1173 that regulates the demarcation of the monasteries Selbold and Meerholz in the list of witnesses just behind Hartmann I. von Büdingen and even before Richard von Büches . A document from 1190 shows a Hartmann von Rückingen behind Hartmann von Büdingen and before the mayor of Gelnhausen . Such ties to the lords of Büdingen, usually secured by fiefs, are typical of the lower nobility of the Büdinger Land.

With the extinction of the Büdinger lords after 1240, strong connections between the Rückinger and their partial heirs from the Hohenlohe-Brauneck house can be seen . Although the Lords of Hohenlohe-Brauneck sold their property on the Ronneburg and the later Langendiebach court in 1313 to the Archdiocese of Mainz, which again owned an important property in the lower Kinzigtal , the place Rückingen is not mentioned in this document and in 1324 continues to be Hohenlohisches Called fiefdom.

Rückingen moated castle

Seat of the family was the first time in 1248 as castri Ruggingin mentioned Wasserburg Rückingen , probably from an older Turmhügelburg emerged. The castle appears in the early 14th century to Ganerbenburg to have become, perhaps due to the sale of Ronneburg von Hohenlohe at Mainz. Together with the Lords of Rückingen, the von Rüdigheim family has been documented in Rückingen since 1311 . Already in the document of 1324, the Rückingen heir Johann von Rüdigheim is in first place before Rudolf von Rückingen . The common ownership of both families in Rückingen was decisive for the history of the place for several centuries. The prominent position of the Rüdigheimers at the beginning of the 14th century possibly results from their position as Hohenlohian Burgmannen on the Ronneburg and other Hohenlohian possessions in the southern Wetterau.

The year 1405 represented a significant turning point in the history of the Ganerbschaft: Johann von Rüdigheim had participated in raids as a robber baron. After the destruction of the moated castle under King Ruprecht along with numerous other castles, Johann Urfehde had to swear. Furthermore, he was not allowed to rebuild his castle. He had to vow not to build a ditch, a suspended bridge, a castle structure or a fortification. From the Rückinger coat of arms stone from 1569 at the gate of the moated castle it was concluded that the Rückinger lived in the moated castle, which was rebuilt several times, while the Rüdigheimer owned the manor house , which was demolished in 1912, according to other information in 1909 , of which today only the tithe barn and the so-called Castle are preserved.

In the middle of the 15th century, the last Brauneck fiefs in the Wetterau were bought by Albrecht von Brandenburg . The county of Isenburg tried to prevent the sale of these old Büdinger fiefs, but only managed to be enfeoffed by Brandenburg with the obligation to pass them on to the current owners as an after-fief. In the following centuries, Rückingen also assumed a special role within the Isenburg administration of the Diebach court . Confessionally, the Rückingen Ganerbe were able to enforce against Isenburg around 1600 that the church in the village remained Lutheran , while it switched to the Reformed creed in nearby Isenburg towns such as Langendiebach .

Rückingen was heavily devastated during the Thirty Years' War . In September 1634 troops of the cardinal legate Ferdinand of Spain set the village and the Rückingen castle on fire when they withdrew. Joachim Philipp von Rückingen was born in Rückingen in 1633 as the last male representative of the family, but spent most of his youth on the run in Frankfurt or Hanau . When he returned to Rückingen in the mid-1650s, he found the future owner Johann von Fargel there, who had been given the Rüdigheim share in the village through an inheritance contract in 1655. Joachim Philipp died around 1666, the elder Helena Albertina Catharina of his two daughters married Fargel's son Johann Lukas von Fargel in 1670 , and after his untimely death again ten years later Gottfried Christoph von und zu Lehrbach ; the younger daughter Philippina Sabina married the Hanau master hunter Georg Friedrich von Hutten zu Salmünster . Rückingen remained in the possession of the von Fargel family for two generations, replaced by the von Kameytzki family in 1714 ; after their extinction in 1758, no new afterlehen was awarded by the Isenburgers until the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows two double- tinned black bars in gold . On the helmet with black and gold helmet covers, a golden wind chime hull (or bracken hull ) with a black collar.

The Rückinger bars can be found again in the municipal coat of arms of Hasselroth and in the coat of arms of the municipality of Rückingen, which was independent until 1970.

  • Coat of arms of the von Rückingen family in Johann Siebmacher's new coat of arms books

  • Local coat of arms of Rückingen with the Rückinger beams and the fish from the coat of arms of the Lords of Fargel

  • Coat of arms of the municipality of Hasselroth with the Rückinger bar and three hazelnuts, which refer to the former place name "Hasela" (hazel (nut))

possession

literature

  • Heinrich Bott : The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin . Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, No. 1–4, pp. 1–32, esp. Pp. 1–20.
  • Jörg Hofmann / Werner Sönning: History of the community Erlensee. Langendiebach and Rückingen. Volume I: From the beginnings to 1500. Published by the Erlensee History Association, Erlensee 2004, pp. 100–147.
  • History Association Erlensee eV (Ed.): Erlensee. On the history of Langendiebach and Rückingen. Erlensee 1988, pp. 21-36.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Manfred Stimming (arrangement): Mainzer Urkundenbuch. First volume. The documents up to the death of Archbishop Adalbert I (1137). Darmstadt 1937, reprint Darmstadt 1972, No. 602.
  2. ↑ Werner Sönning in: J. Hofmann / W. Sönning: History of the community Erlensee. Volume I. Erlensee 2004, pp. 100f.
  3. ^ Heinrich Reimer : Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 106.
  4. ^ Hans Philippi : Territorialgeschichte der Grafschaft Büdingen (=  writings of the Hessian office for historical regional studies. Vol. 23). Elwert, Marburg 1954, p. 89.
  5. ↑ Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - studies on the Wetterau in the Staufer time. In: Büdinger Geschichtsblätter 21, 2008/2009, p. 124.
  6. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 2. 1301 - 1349. Hirzel, Leipzig 1892 ( publications from the royal Prussian state archives 51 ) No. 284.
  7. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives, Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 No. 252.
  8. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 2. 1301 - 1349. Hirzel, Leipzig 1892 ( publications from the Royal Prussian State Archives 51 ) No. 106.
  9. ↑ Werner Sönning in: J. Hofmann / W. Sönning: History of the community Erlensee. Volume I. Erlensee 2004, p. 127f.
  10. ^ Ernst Julius Zimmermann: Hanau city and country. Hanau 1919, p. 563.
  11. ^ A b Heinrich Bott : The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 10.
  12. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 1.
  13. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 17.
  14. ^ Heinrich Bott: The owners of the village Rückingen from the 16th to the 18th century. In: Hanauisches Magazin. Monthly sheets for local history 17, 1938, p. 8f.
  15. ^ Heinrich Bingemer: The Frankfurt Wappenbüchlein. 2nd edition, Kramer, Frankfurt 1987, ISBN 3-7829-0348-X , p. 32 plate 29.
  16. ↑ H. von Goeckingk, A. von Bierbrauer-Brennstein, A. von Grass: J. Siebmacher's grosses and general Wappenbuch, VI. Volume, 7th Division; The dead Nassau nobility. Bauer & Raspe, Nuremberg, p. 46, plate 76.
  17. ↑ Neuenhaßlau, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of February 6, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on May 15, 2017 .
  18. ^ Bruchköbel, Main-Kinzig district. Historical local dictionary for Hesse (as of May 4, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on May 15, 2017 .
  19. ↑ Details of the associated noble families in Thomas Schilp: The Reichsburg Friedberg in the Middle Ages. Studies of their constitution, administration and politics. Friedberg 1982, pp. 56-59 and 61.