Radhuni
| Radhuni | ||||||||||||
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Dried Radhuni fruits compared to one cent in size |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Trachyspermum roxburghianum | ||||||||||||
| ( DC. ) H. Wolff |
Trachyspermum roxburghianum is a species of plant in the umbelliferae family(Apiaceae). It isgrownin South Asia , Southeast Asia and Indonesia . The spice Radhuni ( Bengali : Rand) or Randhuni (রাঁধুনি), which is widely usedin Bengali cuisine , is obtainedfrom this species. Its aromatic dried fruits, like its close relative ajwain , are often used in Bengali cuisine. In the rest of India , however, they are almost never used.
etymology
Radhuni (Bengali রাধুনি ) is often referred to in English as wild celery, directly translated as "wild celery". In Urdu there is also the name ( جمو د ). In Hindi it is known as Ajmond (Hindi अजमोद ). The name comes from the Sanskrit word Ajamoda (Sanskrit: अजमोद ) or Ajamodika (Sanskrit: अजमोदिका ), from which the name for the related Ajwain is derived. In Myanmar Radhuni is called Kant-Balu and in Thailand Phak chi lom (Thai: ผักชี ล้อม ). There, however, the name denotes a large number of types of celery at the same time.
description
Trachyspermum roxburghianum is an annual herbaceous plant that is between 20 and 100 cm tall. The upright stem is branched.
The leaves are arranged alternately on the stems. The thin petiole is 1 to 2 cm long. With a length of 3 to 8 cm and a width of 2 to 12 cm, the leaf blade is egg-shaped in outline and has two or three parts. The end portion is narrowly elongated with a wedge-shaped base at a length of 5 to 20 cm and a width of 2 to 3 mm. Towards the top, the leaves become more and more simple and the end section is then linear-lanceolate.
On a 5 to 9 cm long inflorescence stem stands a family- typical , double-ended inflorescence with a diameter of 2 to 4 cm. The few sheaths and shells are 3 to 5 mm long, linear-sub-like or ciliate-shaped. The unequal four to twelve, bristly hairy or bald rays have a length of 1 to 3 cm. The little bulbs contain twelve to twenty flowers. The uneven, bristly hairy flower stalks are 1 to 5 mm long. The hermaphrodite flowers are five-fold and radial symmetry . The petals white with a delicate purple to pink color.
The split fruits called Doppelachäne does not break down into the individual fruits. The egg-shaped, densely bristle hairy or bald fruits with a length of 1.5 to 3 mm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm have a shrunken upper end that forms a very short collar and weakly pronounced longitudinal ribs.
The flowering time and fruit ripeness is between February and July.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.
Occurrence
The species may originally be found in India. It is a neophyte in Pakistan and Indonesia.
use
In Bengali cuisine, radhuni is part of a local panch phoron mixture, where it replaces the mustard seeds typically used . The fruits are used very sparingly for curries as they can quickly drown out a dish with their aroma. To do this, the fruits are briefly fried in very hot oil until they start to crackle. In some places they are used to pickle cucumbers or local spice mixes. In Thailand the fresh leaves are used as aromatic herbs. The plant is also used in Ayurveda .
The small dried fruits , often mistakenly called seeds , are similar in appearance to ajwain and cumin . Because of their similarity in taste and appearance, they are often confused or substituted for celery seeds.
Radhuni has a very strong flavor with a characteristic smell similar to parsley .
ingredients
Trachyspermum roxburghianum has a variety of essential oils. However, the concentration here is low. The proportion is only 1.8 to 2 percent in total. The highest concentration is achieved by keto acids with a share of 0.09%. Also contained in different concentrations are: D-limonene , A-terpenes , dipentenes , D-linalool , terpineol , Dl-piperitone , thymoquinol and thymol .
Systematics
This species was in 1830 under the name Ptychotis roxburghiana by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , 4, S. 109 firstdescribed . It was placed in 1927 by Karl Friedrich August Hermann Wolff in Das Pflanzenreich , IV 228 (booklet 90), p. 129 under the name Trachyspermum roxburghianum in the genus Trachyspermum . Further synonyms for Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC.) H. Wolff are: Apium involucratum Roxb. , Carum roxburghianum (DC.) Short , Carum stictocarpum C.B.Clarke , Pimpinella involucrata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. , Ptychotis involucrata (Roxb.) Lindl. , Trachyspermum involucratum (Roxb.) H. Wolff , Trachyspermum stictocarpum (CBClarke) H. Wolff .
swell
- She Menglan (佘孟兰), Mark F. Watson: Trachyspermum Trachyspermum roxburghianum ( Online ) In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 78 (English).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Gernot Katzers spice pages : Geographical spice index .
- ↑ a b c d e Flowers of India - Plant Lexicon .
- ↑ a b c d e f Information on Radhuni on Gernot Katzer's spice pages .
- ↑ Description on Ayurdrugs.com .
- ^ Thai dictionary at GRIN. ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ What is Radhuni? . ( Memento of the original from March 3, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (English).
- ↑ a b c d e She Menglan (佘孟兰) & Mark F. Watson: Trachyspermum Trachyspermum roxburghianum - Online , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 , pp. 78 (English).
- ↑ Trachyspermum roxburghianum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Trachyspermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
- ↑ a b Information on Ayurnepal.com .
- ↑ First description scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Trachyspermum roxburghianum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
