celery
| celery | ||||||||||||
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Real celery |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Apium | ||||||||||||
| L. |
Celery ( Apium ) is a genus in the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae) with 30 species. In particular, real celery , usually simply called celery, is used as a useful and medicinal plant.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Celery species grow as one- or two-year , herbaceous plants . The stem axis is bald, upright, toothed and grooved. The root system consists of an often thickened taproot and thin secondary roots. Some species also form horizontal rhizomes from which thin roots sprout.
The simply pinnate, alternate leaves are stalked with membrane-like leaf sheaths .
Generative characteristics
The inflorescences are loose to almost compact, umbels with few rays and a few flowers. There are usually short peduncles.
The flowers are radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . Calyx teeth are missing. The white or greenish-yellow petals are ovate to almost round, with a tapered, incised upper end. The stylus are short and conically thickened at the bottom.
The fissure fruits are spherical or ellipsoidal and rounded at both ends and depressed on the sides. They are clearly five-ribbed. The seeds are flat.
The basic chromosome number is x = 11; there is usually a chromosome number of 2n = 22.
etymology
The name celery is borrowed from the Lombard selleri , the plural for sellero . There it is derived from the late Latin selīnum from the Greek sélinon, σέλινον (celery, Eppich , Silge, Selge). Austrian and Bavarian "Zeller (er)" are borrowed from northern Italian seler .
Systematics and distribution
The genus Apium was established by Carl von Linné .
The genus Apium belongs to the tribe Apieae in the subfamily Apioideae within the Apiaceae family . Molecular genetic studies from 2000 showed, however, that the genus is probably not monophyletic , but should be grouped together with the closely related genera Berula and Naufraga .
The genus Apium is widespread in both hemispheres in the temperate areas , but mainly in the northern hemisphere . In the tropics , only small deposits were found in the mountains.
About 30 species belong to the genus Apium (selection):
- Apium andinum Phil.
- Apium angustilobum rich
- Apium annum short
- Apium apioides rich
- Apium australe Thouars : It occurs in Argentina and Chile.
- Apium butleri S. Watson
- Apium commersonii DC. : It occurs in Argentina and Uruguay.
- Apium decumbens Eckl. & Zeyh. : It occurs in South Africa.
- Apium divaricatum Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Watson
- Apium echinatum Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Watson
- Apium fernandezianum Johow
- Apium flexuosum Phil.
- Real celery ( Apium graveolens L. ): It occurs wild in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to Central Asia.
- Apium humile empires
- Apium ligula Drude
- Apium panul Reiche : It occurs in Chile.
- Apium patens (Nutt. Ex DC.) S. Watson
- Apium peucedanoides rich
- Apium philippii H. Wolff
- Apium pimpinellifolium rich
- Apium popei (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray
- Apium prostratum Vent. : It occurs in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile.
- Apium sellowianum H.Wolff
- Apium ventricosum H. Boissieu
Depending on the author, they do not belong to the genus Apium :
- Apium bermejoi L.Llorens → Helosciadium bermejoi (L.Llorens) Popper & MFWatson
- Flooding Celery ( Helosciadium inundatum (L.) WDJKoch ; Syn .: Apium inundatum Rchb. F. )
- Apium laciniatum (DC.) Urb. → Cyclospermum laciniatum (DC.) Constance
- Fine-leaved celery ( Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson , Syn .: Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.Muell. Ex Benth. )
- Knotted celery ( Helosciadium nodiflorum (L.) WDJKoch , Syn .: Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag. )
- Creeping celery ( Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) WDJKoch , Syn .: Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. )
- Apium petroselinum L. is parsley
use
Real celery is mainly used as a vegetable and medicinal plant . Celery was already used as food in ancient Greece.
literature
- E. Nasir, Volume 20: Apium at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- She Menglan (佘孟兰), Mark F. Watson: Apium , p. 76 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 14 - Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Walter Erhardt, Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- ↑ a b Friedrich Kluge , Alfred Götze : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 20th ed., Ed. by Walther Mitzka , De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1967; Reprint (“21st unchanged edition”) ibid 1975, ISBN 3-11-005709-3 , p. 702.
- ↑ Apium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Friedrich Kluge: Etymological dictionary of the German language . 24th edition. De Gruyter, Berlin 2002, ISBN 978-3-11-017473-1 , p. 841 .
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 286.
- ↑ Apium at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 4, 2018.
- ↑ Stephen R. Downie, Mark F. Watson, Krzysztof Spalik, Deborah S. Katz-Downie: Molecular systematics of Old World Apioideae (Apiaceae): relationships among some members of tribe Peucedaneae sensu lato, the placement of several island-endemic species, and resolution within the apioid superclade . In: Canadian Journal of Botany . tape 78 , 2000, pp. 506-528 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c d e Apium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
- ^ Alfred C. Andrews 1949: Celery and Parsley as Foods in the Greco-Roman Period. In: Classical Philology , Volume 44, Issue 2, pp. 91-99. JSTOR 267475
