Rast (Sauldorf)

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Rest
Sauldorf municipality
Former coat of arms of Rast
Coordinates: 47 ° 56 ′ 22 "  N , 9 ° 7 ′ 17"  E
Height : 633 m
Area : 6.88 km²
Residents : 450  (December 31, 2014)
Population density : 65 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1974
Incorporated into: water
Postal code : 88605
Area code : 07578
Southwest view from Rast
Southwest view from Rast

Rast is a district of the municipality of Sauldorf with 472 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2010) in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Geographical location

The village of Rast is about one kilometer southeast of the main town of Sauldorf and east of the Ablach lowland . The Auenbach (Mühlenbach) and the Weiherbächle flow on the approximately 688 hectares (as of December 31, 2010) of Rast.

Local division

Rast includes the village of Rast , Haus und Hof Im Bennerget , the Haus In Eichelenäcker , the Höfe In Nachtbuchen , Mühle and the Riedbauernhof .

history

Rast was first mentioned in a document in 1056 as Rasta (Old High German rasta = route, after which one rests; station) in connection with the award of shares in a " basilica " by Count Eberhard von Nellenburg to the Reichenau monastery . The place that apparently emerged from a street station was in the Pagus Ratoldesbuch (Ratoltespuoch), to which Mindersdorf and Sentenhart also belonged. The origin of the place name could be traced back to an old military road of the Franconian Empire . It led from Ulm via Stockach , Petershausen to Zurich . In Rast there was probably a refreshment point where the soldiers could have rested after a certain distance. Therefore, the origin of the place name Rast can be traced back to “rest” and “rest”. This simple interpretation of the name is particularly illuminating when one sees Rast in connection with some neighboring towns and it also indicates that the naming falls back before the year 1000. Around this time the area was a royal estate, later an imperial fiefdom of the Reichenau monastery with the stipulation “free hospitality for king and entourage”. The core of the village was probably due to the strange, ring-shaped street layout at this time.

The Zimmerische Chronik mentions a castle at Rast, which a Hans Wältin from Zurzach sold in 1469 to the Meßkirch chaplain Heinrich Heckern. The current street names "Falltorgasse" and "Hoföschle" could be traced back to it. On the other hand, it is certain that from 1238 to 1468 there was a local nobility that named itself after Rast. Relatives of this low-nobility family, originally belonging to the ministry of the Reichenau monastery, are also named citizens of Überlingen.

The ownership and legal structure of the village changed frequently over the centuries. Around the year 1300 there was property, but mostly body and cuff pleading were common. Rest in matters of jurisdiction and tax jurisdiction which was Petershausen Abbey subject at Konstanz, the Reichsabt had the Low jurisdiction and the manorial held. The high jurisdiction was the Sigmaringen County to.

Later the state sovereignty was due to the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . In 1458 the Wald monastery bought two farms and the sixth part of the court for Rast. In 1517 Gottfried Werner von Zimmer had the bailiff to Rast, Sauldorf and Walbertsweiler. Rast was in the Petershausen rule Herdwangen , from 1776 Obervogteiamt Herdwangen . In contrast to Herdwangen and Sauldorf, where the abbot appointed the pastor, the Teutonic Order Commander in Altshausen was in rest. Correspondingly, the church building load was in the first two places at the monastery, in Rast at the Teutonic Order Coming Mainau. The famous builder of the Teutonic Order, Johann Caspar Bagnato , submitted proposals for renovation of the rectory on February 5, 1729.

In the 18th century, the highly complicated ruling constitution of Rast therefore regulated the claims of the three competing lords - the imperial abbot of Petershausen, the Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and the Teutonic Order Coming Mainau - those of the self-confident and contentious village community as well as the social conditions determined by an extreme property imbalance with a few wealthy farmers and a majority of poor day laborers and artisans. In modern times, Rast was an agricultural village. For generations, the grid society was divided into two classes that were dependent on each other: the large farmers and the day laborers. In the 18th century, 16 large and medium-sized farmers cultivated 90 percent of the fields and meadows. For this they needed day laborers as seasonal workers. As goat farmers, the day laborers struggled to stay afloat.

When the Petershausen property fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden as a result of secularization in 1803 , the power relations between Baden and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen had to be clarified. With a contract dated June 22 and 27, 1812, Baden replaced the claims of Hohenzollern in Rast by ceding the village of Ablach . Today Rast belongs to the Sauldorf community , Ablach to the Krauchenwies community . The current property of the Salem Margrave of Baden in the Rast district is still due to the secularization. First, Rast was subordinated to the Baden office of Herdwangen , which was added to the Pfullendorf district office in 1813 . At that time Sentenhart was assigned to the community of Rast. Rast was in the Baden office of Meßkirch , later the district office of Meßkirch .

A lot changed in the 19th century. Feudal rights fell, the communal fallow land was abolished, and 48 rural landowners decided to consolidate their land. For many day laborers, however, poverty remained the almost inevitable fate. Children went to beg instead of school. Families tried to escape poverty and emigrated to Patagonia. In the second half of the 19th century, stages of rural modernization emerged with the transition to individual agriculture, the desertification and the beginning of everyday farming, but also the still oppressive poverty in the village with numerous emigrants and children begging in the neighborhood.

In 1906 a community water supply was built. And in 1920 Rast was connected to the power grid so that the grids could have electric light. In 1936 the district of Meßkirch became part of the Stockach district in Baden . At the beginning of May 1945 around 300 French soldiers were billeted in Rast.

In the course of the municipal reform in Baden-Württemberg , the independent municipality of Rast became part of the newly formed municipality of Wasser on January 1, 1974 , which was renamed Sauldorf on June 25, 1974.

Religions

Rast was first mentioned in 1142 as a Catholic parish. But even before 1056 there was a "basilica". The parish church came in 1362 from the Reichenau monastery in exchange for other goods to the Teutonic Order Coming Mainau, to which it was incorporated. Her patronage came to the Grand Duke of Baden through secularization until 1918. The parish has a brotherhood of St. Othmars that dates back to 1490 and is the only one of its kind in the Archdiocese of Freiburg. It was built by Abbot Martin von Petershausen in Rast in 1490 and is intended as a brotherhood to serve the model of Saint Othmar, who was Abbot of St. Gallen, in prayer and work. Saint Othmar had to live in exile in Werd near Stein am Rhein and died there on November 16, 759. The Catholic parish of St. Michael was later cared for from Messkirch. Evangelical Christians are also parish in Messkirch.

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the former community bears a standing, red armored black swan on a silver background, the former coat of arms of the noble family. It was adopted as the municipal coat of arms and seal in 1895.

Culture and sights

Buildings

St. Michael in rest

The Church of St. Michael was probably built in the 17th century and dedicated to St. Michael the Archangel . It goes back to a previous building, which was mentioned in 1056 as a "basilica" (round church). The choir of today's church could be the original round church from that time. The massive church tower with loopholes probably dates from the 13th century. The sacred structure was renovated in 1921 and an extension was added in 1951/52. Of the three bells in the tower, the big bell from 1522 with its beautiful minuscule writing is worth mentioning. The two other bells were newly purchased in 1953 because their predecessors had been melted down for war purposes in 1943.

education

  • Auentalschule Sauldorf, elementary and secondary school with Werkrealschule

Personalities

Personalities who have worked on site

  • Anton Binder, former mayor and later mayor of Rast, local history specialist
  • Arnold Stadler , writer, winner of the Büchner Prize since 1999 and the Medal of Merit of the State of Baden-Württemberg since 2002, grew up and lives in Rast.

literature

  • Franz Beyerle: Rast, Sattelöse, Sentenhart: three Upper Swabian place names and their constitutional background . In: Karl Friedrich Müller (Hrsg.): Contributions to linguistics and folklore . (Festschrift for Ernst Ochs on his 60th birthday). Verlag M. Schauenburg, Lahr 1951, pp. 63-72.
  • Thomas Kluger: Sauldorf: with its districts of Bietingen, Boll, Krumbach, Rast and Wasser through the ages . Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar, 1995, ISBN 3-89570-096-7
  • Kurt-Erich Maier, Johann Schäfer: Sauldorf: History of the community Sauldorf and its districts Bietingen, Boll, Krumbach, Rast, Sauldorf and Wasser, with special consideration of the 18th to 19th centuries . Local government, 1984
  • Parish St. Michael, Rast - Organ consecration festival, patronage, 26./27. Sept 1987 . Sauldorf, 1987

annotation

  1. ↑ District area 6,881,134 m²
  2. ↑ The Franconian kings of that time did not yet have a permanent residence in the current sense. They traveled the country with a large following and administered on the spot. So they had their senders and counts. It is documented that the Carolingian Emperor Karl III. the fat man , in the year 833, stayed several times in Mindersdorf and also signed documents there. Rast is therefore historically connected to the places Mindersdorf, Sattelöse (the place where the horses' saddles are supposed to have been loosened) and Sentenhart (which in turn derives from Sankta). Holy Mass was also read there at that time. According to Franz Beyerle, the assumption is that in the Dreiländerspitz of the Walder- and Walbertsweilerstraße (today's cemetery area with the extension to the east, this is the win "Langenhaag"), the entourage withdrew and had their horses fenced in in the so-called Langenhaag. The hill would also have been conceivable as a view and notification location. The interpretation of the name by Anton Birlinger and Fridrich Pfaff ( Alemannia: Journal for Language, Literature and Folklore of Alsace and Upper Rhine , Volume 35, 1907, p. 97), who explain it with “Morast”, speaks against this

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Information from Lothar Goreth, registration and registry office for the municipality of Sauldorf, dated January 11, 2011.
  2. ↑ Preliminary inquiry for wind power plant . In: Südkurier from February 28, 2004
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Sauldorf d) Rest in: Das Land Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VII: Tübingen administrative region. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-17-004807-4 . P. 826f.
  4. ^ Konrad Beyerle: The culture of the Reichenau Abbey: memorial to the twelve hundredth anniversary of the founding year of the island monastery 724-1924 . Scientia-Verlag, 1970. ISBN 3-511-02491-9
  5. ^ Basic questions in Alemannic history: Mainau lectures 1952 . Verlag Jan Thorbecke, 1976. p. 121
  6. ↑ Baumann: Allerheiligen , No. 4, p. 9)
  7. ↑ Zimmerische Chronik, Volume 2, page 22.
  8. ↑ Renate Hermann: Name goes back to resting and resting . In: Südkurier from January 19, 2006
  9. ↑ Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (ed.): The state of Baden-Württemberg: official description by districts and communities , Volume 7. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1978
  10. ^ Maren Rehfus: The Cistercian convent forest: manorial rule, jurisdiction and administration . In: Works on regional studies of Hohenzollern, issue 9 . M. Liehner's Hofbuchdruckerei, 1971
  11. ↑ Heinrich Ruckgaber: History of the Counts of rooms: a contribution to the history of the German nobility of the best sources and tools . Herder Verlag, 1840. p. 165
  12. ↑ See Badische Heimat, Vol. 21–22, 1934, p. 144
  13. ↑ See writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings, Vol. 94-97 . ed. from the Bodenseegeschichtsverein, 1976
  14. ↑ Cf. Commission for historical regional studies in Baden-Württemberg (ed.): Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 135 . Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart, 1987
  15. ↑ a b Literary homage to Heimatdorf. Arnold Stadler and Edwin Ernst Weber will close the cultural focus tomorrow with a historical portrait of the village . In: Südkurier from December 15, 2011
  16. ↑ a b Vera Romeu (from right): "I always think raster first before I write". Writer Arnold Stadler pays homage to his hometown - listeners experience a great moment . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from December 19, 2011
  17. ↑ Paragraph 5 of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss
  18. ^ The Sigmaringen district . Aalen / Stuttgart, 1963
  19. ↑ See the constitutional document for the Grand Duchy of Baden: together with the documents belonging to it. Verlag CF Muller, 1819, p. 106
  20. ↑ Falko Hahn (fah): Misfortune: Legionnaire shoots a 17-year-old . In: Südkurier from April 23, 2005
  21. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 549 .
  22. ↑ a b c Renate Hermann: Prayers in the church as early as 1056 . In: Südkurier from January 20, 2006