Ravensburg (Sulzfeld)
| Ravensburg | ||
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 The Ravensburg near Sulzfeld (Baden) |
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| Creation time : | at 930 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Standing position : | Free nobles | |
| Place: | Sulzfeld | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 6 '0 " N , 8 ° 52' 27" E | |
| Height: | 285.8 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Ravensburg is the former headquarters of the Barons Göler von Ravensburg and is one of the most important still preserved castles in the Kraichgau in northwestern Baden-Württemberg . It is located near the village on the district of Sulzfeld in the extreme northeast of the Karlsruhe district , which is adjacent to the city of Eppingen .
location
The hilltop castle is about 1.3 km east of the center of Sulzfeld on the 285.8 m above sea level, separated by a small saddle . NHN high point of a westerly tapering right marginal spur of the Kohlbach valley , the bottom of which it towers over 80 m. Except on the northeast side, they surround vineyards everywhere.
history
Time of origin
A chronicle of Göler from the 17th century dates the start of construction around 930 and names a knight Rabanus as the builder and lord of the castle , who is now regarded as a legend. However, this may refer to an earlier castle or original residence of the Lords of Sulzfeld, which Knauer suspects in the area of the village. Presumably on behalf of Emperor Friedrich II. The mentioned 1190, from the family v. Sulzfeld originating, significant Reichsministerial Ravan of Wimpfen (see the genealogical history of the Lords of Helmstatt , a branch of the Göler ), together with his sons Dieter, Ravan, Heinrich and Conrad the "Ravans Castle" comprising today's dungeon , as well as residential and farm buildings and an enclosure wall with a gate on the east side, built between 1220 and 1222. She served the family v. Sulzfeld henceforth as the headquarters, after which it was also called and a short time later it was called "Golere von Ravansburg". The ownership structure to Sulzfeld and Ravensburg at that time has not yet been clarified. However, a document attests that in 1364 Ravensburg was at least partially allodial property of the Göler von Ravensburg. The brothers Albrecht I and Berthold IV handed over their share of the Ravensburg, including their members, to Count Wilhelm II von Katzenelnbogen and received him again as a fief . A part of the castle, it is estimated a third, was later made leasable to the Counts of Oettingen , who were also fiefs for the majority of the village of Sulzfeld. The von Crenberg (Erenberg) family appears as a fief of the Count of Oettingen's share in Ravensburg . In 1425 the Ravensburg including the Oettinger part was completely given to various branches and branches of the Göler von Ravensburg family as fiefs. After that, the family was almost threatened with extinction because of many deaths on the battlefields. The canon of Speyer, Martin Göler, could only be dismissed from the ministry through a papal dispensation. Shortly afterwards he married Anna von Hirschberg and with four sons ensured the continued existence of the family, which was evident in the form of brisk construction activity on the Ravensburg in the second half of the 15th century. In the east, presumably in 1467, another gate and pedestrian gate, each with drawbridges, was built. Very likely also a closed second bering with shell towers at the most important points. In 1486, after Oechelhaeuser, a building was erected west of the keep by Georg I , but today only a walk-in cellar bears witness to this. 1502 was Albrecht V. Göler Ravensburg his nephew for themselves and, son of Martin, with the Ravensburg Bernhard I invested.
Time of the reformation
In the course of the Reformation, Sulzfeld also became Protestant very early in 1522. The Ravensburg survived the peasant uprising in 1525 unmolested. However, the Protestant Schmalkaldic League was formed in 1531 and one of the captains of the league was the liege lord of Ravensburg, Landgrave Philipp von Hessen (the original liege lords, von Katzenelnbogen, had already expired at this time). Finally there was a war between the federal government and the emperor and the Ravensburg was besieged on December 24th, 1546 by imperial troops. The castle defenders, in addition to Bernhard I and his family consisting of four mercenaries, some servants and about 20 farmers, had to surrender after a few days and Bernhard I was allowed to leave with his family in free escort. The castle was then plundered and devastated, which is still evident today in many traces of a major fire.
reconstruction
After that, Bernhard I carried out extensive reconstruction and conversion of the Ravensburg into a modern fortress. Strong gun turrets were built in the north-east and south-west, one of which is still preserved today and has three levels of defense. Most likely these towers were roofed over. Even today, an underground casemate-like corridor leads from the preserved defense tower to the north, or later to the northeast. The excavated material was used to fill a wall at a distance of 15 meters from the outer wall. This structure is considered to be the only preserved underground battlement in the Kraichgau. The corridor once connected all the important defense points, such as gates, gun turrets , defensive walls, etc. and also made it possible to quickly reach the viewing platform on the keep via a stair tower . The surrounding wall including defensive facilities, the significantly enlarged outer bailey and certainly also commercial and possibly residential buildings were built at that time. The still existing, probably once 45 meters deep, but not water-bearing wells should also spätesten have originated at that time.
A few years after Bernhard I. Göler of Ravensburg got the castle back and started the repair and renovation work, he died without leaving any male descendants. So his property including the castle fell to his relatives Bernhard II and Hans III. Knauer assumes that they, too, were still busy with the extensive conversion and expansion of the castle into a fortress, although elsewhere more emphasis was placed on representation than defense. The following generation with David III. , Engelhard I. and Hans Friedrich from around 1600, then had some of the previously built strong defensive structures demolished to make room for a large representative residential building for Hans Friedrich and his wife Katharina von Mentzingen as well as two large wine cellars and farm buildings. Around the same time, the Middle Castle in Sulzfeld was built for Engelhard I and his wife Anna Maria von Mentzingen . According to Knauer, probably in the area of the old castle, which the family v. Sulzfeld served as the headquarters until the Ravensburg was built. Due to Engelhard's I office as Obervogt in Pforzheim, the middle castle was also called Pforzheimer Schloss . Parts of the building are preserved in today's rent office .
Because of the heavy building activity and the associated burdens for the Sulzfeld population, there were several outrages against the castle owners who were keen to build. However, this did not detract from construction activity. In 1617 a notice of appeal was even drawn up with 221 points of complaint.
Further use in the 18th century
Although the Ravensburg survived the Thirty Years War without any significant damage, Engelhard I alone survived the disaster of the three castle owners who were keen to build. Later wars did not damage the castle either. Rather, the castle was expanded. Ludwig Friedrich (1707–1757), known as the “long gentleman”, had a simple baroque building built for himself between the kitchen and the round tower, which was called the Long Lord's House . His brother Johann Friedrich II. , Who was called the “fat gentleman”, lived in a building on the west side of the keep, which was called the Fat Lord's House . In 1807 and 1822 Benjamin Göler von Ravensburg had the now dilapidated residential buildings of the "fat" and the "tall" gentleman torn down.
Downfall
The last resident of the castle was Johann Friedrich III. Göler of Ravensburg . After his death in 1849, according to Knauer, in the second half of the 19th century the castle must have "been properly cannibalized" as a quarry, as it was already referred to as a ruin in 1885. In the 1950s, work began on securing the remains of the castle and setting up a restaurant.
investment
Ravensburg Castle
The complex is divided into the actual core castle on the local side, surrounded by a mighty moat, with keep , defensive towers and residential buildings, and the younger outer castle on the mountain side with farm buildings.
The castle is accessible, the 30 meter high keep can be climbed during the day and offers a unique view of the vast landscape of the Kraichgau . In summer 2006, a wedding chapel was set up in one of the impressive historical cellars.
For the castle there is a request stop about one kilometer to the north on the Kraichgaubahn . The Karlsruhe Stadtbahn trains stop there for registered travel groups .
Ravensburg Castle Winery
The Burg Ravensburg winery in Sulzfeld has been documented since 1251 and is one of the oldest German estates. Until 2009 it was managed under Freiherr von Göler's administration. At the beginning of 2009, Heitlinger GmbH leased the Sulzfeld winery from the extensive community of heirs of Göler. Due to financial problems and disputes within the community of heirs, Heinz Heiler, the owner of Weingut Heitlinger GmbH, offered the Sulzfeld winery and Göler'schem Rentamt in Sulzfeld for sale at the end of 2010 . The purchase price was around seven million euros.
The Burg Ravensburg winery has 33 ha of cultivation area, produces 260,000 bottles per year and limits the yield to 58 hl / ha. There are the varieties Riesling (30%), Lemberger (20%), Meunier (15%), Pinot Noir (15%), Pinot (6%), Pinot (5%), Trollinger (5%) grown and harvested in hand-picking . The soils are rich in minerals Keuper soils .
The top wines with the additional designation "Großes Gewächs VDP Baden" come from the top locations of the Burg Ravensburg winery, namely "Husarenkappe" (on the castle hill), "Löchle" (in a depression in the castle hill) and "Dicker Franz". The designation "Great Growth" is based on the French classification of Grand Cru .
The location "Dicker Franz" owes the name to Baron Franz Göler von Ravensburg (1701 to 1765). He was very fond of culinary delights and went down in family analysts as the "fat man". Not only the former palace at the Ravensburg keep, but also his favorite vineyard were named after him. Today the name stands for powerful Lemberger.
The name of the location "Husarenkappe" goes back to Baron Benjamin Göler von Ravensburg, Major in the Badischer Hussar Regiment (1782–1834). Legend has it that he received Riesling seedlings from his supreme commander, Margrave Karl-Friedrich von Baden , which he brought to Sulzfeld in his cap to plant on the Burgberg.
The "Löchle" location is in the south exposed part of the castle hill. Some of the vineyards are terraced and some have a gradient of up to 40%. The peculiarity of the location, from which it owes its name, is a natural basin-shaped cut into the terrain. This deepening ensures that the two hill flanks protect the location from cool winds and that a particularly warm microclimate can develop there, which is ideal for Burgundy varieties (white, gray and pinot noir).
There are also wines from the "Burg Ravensburg" location from Keuperböden around Ravensburg Castle. In addition, vineyards from the Sulzfeld district and the surrounding hill country are cultivated on Keuper and Loess soils. These are marketed under the name "Freiherr von Göler" without any additional location description.
Coat of arms from 1607
Palas with moat
Wedding chapel
literature
- Johann Brandmüller: Historical and Geographical Lexicon Volume II. 1726.
- Julius Naeher : The castles, palaces and cities of the upper Kraichgau. Karlsruhe 1885.
- Adolf von Oechelhäuser : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden . Tübingen 1909. (not viewed)
- Kurt Andermann : The documents of the baronial Gemmingen archive at Guttenberg Castle above the Neckar. Heimatverein Kraichgau , 1990.
- Nicolai Knauer: Ravensburg - medieval castle and modern fortress. In: Kraichgau. Contributions to landscape and local research , volume 19/2005, published by the Heimatverein Kraichgau, ISBN 3-921214-35-1 , pp. 163–186.
Web links
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
- Ravensburg on a website about historical architecture
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ see information board in the castle